Search

Obesity is an important problem both nationally and worldwide, this is related to the increase in cases of systemic arterial hypertension and diabetes mellitus with the consequent increase in morbidity and mortality and health costs, which emphasizes the need for health policies for an early diagnosis and effective and safe treatment. Recently, the use of lorcaserin for the pharmacological treatment of obesity was approved. The objective of this article is to review the available and updated scientific literature on lorcaserin and be a reference framework for decision-making regarding the prescription of this drug. For the preparation of this guide specialists in internal medicine, endocrinology, a librarian and an expert in methodology were involved. An extensive search was conducted on PubMed and other specialized websites. It is concluded that lorcaserin is a well tolerated drug with mild adverse effects and a good safety profile at a dose of 10 mg twice a day, it has also presented benefits in glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to determine the frequency of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in serum and its association with the clinical severity of COVID-19. This retrospective cohort study performed at Toyama University Hospital included consecutive patients with confirmed COVID-19. The prevalence of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and the strength of its association with clinical severity variables were examined. Fifty-six patients were included in this study. RNAemia was detected in 19.6% (11/56) patients on admission, and subsequently in 1.0% (1/25), 50.0% (6/12), and 100.0% (4/4) moderate, severe, and critically ill patients, respectively. Patients with RNAemia required more frequent oxygen supplementation (90.0% vs. 13.3%), ICU admission (81.8% vs. 6.7%), and invasive mechanical ventilation (27.3% vs. 0.0%). Among patients with RNAemia, the median viral loads of nasopharyngeal (NP) swabs that were collected around the same time as the serum sample were significantly higher in critically ill (5.4 log10 copies/μl; interquartile range [IQR]: 4.2-6.3) than in moderate-severe cases (2.6 log10 copies/μl; [IQR: 1.1-4.5]; p = 0.030) and were significantly higher in nonsurvivors (6.2 log10 copies/μl [IQR: 6.0-6.5]) than in survivors (3.9 log10 copies/ μl [IQR: 1.6-4.6]; p = 0.045). This study demonstrated a relatively high proportion of SARS-CoV-2 RNAemia and an association between RNAemia and clinical severity. Moreover, among the patients with RNAemia, the viral loads of NP swabs were correlated with disease severity and mortality, suggesting the potential utility of combining serum testing with NP tests as a prognostic indicator for COVID-19, with higher quality than each separate test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iberoamericana is the property of Iberoamerican Institute, Sophia University and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The vascular anomalies include a wide field of soft tumors that affect 0.5% of the population. The International Society for the Study of Vascular Abnormalities (ISSVA) divides thispathology in tumors and vascular malformations due to their biological nature; Vascular tumors are caused by an excessive cellular proliferation and vascular malformations that are the product of the disembryogenesis of their vessels and pose endothelium normal. The initial approach is through ultrasound, the MRI evaluates the angioarchitecture and allows the therapeutic planning requiring to complement by angio CT that assesses bone erosion; In case of doubt, angiography allows us to rule out aneurysms, venous stenosis or hyperflow angiopathy being itsfundamental therapeutic role. We present the case of a vascular malformation that comes to our hospital due to intermittent retromolar bleeding after a dental organ removal, with emphasis in the diagnostic approach and management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lower extremities secondary lymphedema is the accumulation of protein-rich fluid in the interstitium as a consequence of the damage of lymphatic vessels. In our country, it is more frequently related to the surgical treatment of cancer. The incidence varies depending on the type of cancer and the treatment received, with an increased risk in cases in which lymphadenectomy and radiotherapy are performed. Clinical diagnosis and imaging techniques are essential to asses the functional status of the lymphatic system. The main objectives in the management of lymphedema are to limit patient morbidity, improve functionality and quality of life. There are procedures that seek to prevent the development of lower extremity lymphedema. Once established, the treatment can be conservative and surgical. Surgical treatment includes physiological (reconstructive) and excisional procedures. Success depends on a good selection of patients and the performance of an individualized treatment. The following is a review regarding the incidence, risk factors, diagnostic strategies and surgical techniques with emphasis on microsurgical treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica MD is the property of Comite Editorial de la Revista Medica MD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Plant polyphenol, including vanillin, is often used as the intermediate materials of the medicines and vanilla flavoring. In agriculture generally vanillin is produced from vanilla plant and in industry from lignin of disposed wood pulp. We have recently developed a method for the production of plant polyphenol with the excrement as a natural resource of lignin, of the herbivorous animals, by using the subcritical water. The method for using the subcritical water is superior to that of the supercritical water because in the latter complete decomposition occurs. We have successfully produced the vanillin, protocatechuic acid, vanillic acid, and syringic acid in products. Our method is simpler and more efficient not only because it requires the shorter treatment time but also because it releases less amount of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Medica del IMSS is the property of Direccion de Prestaciones Medicas - IMSS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Bologna Process conducted a series of transformations at the level of higher education policies, being the Master one of the levels of education that suffered the greatest change. So we realized the need to assess the implementation of the Master. The format chosen for the research was the case study, being chosen the Master in Social Psychology at the Complutense University of Madrid. Documentary research, from a qualitative approach, with the Pedagogical Project of the Course was held. General results point out that the course made an effort to adapt to the demands of the Bologna Process and his precepts are proposed in the course. Academic and professionalizing training is proposed, predominantly instrumental and technical skills both in the form of competences focused on application of knowledge as offered in the courses. It is a course with a historical tradition and with an employment-oriented training of its students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Indias is the property of Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Médica MD is the property of Comite Editorial de la Revista Medica MD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Sedentary lifestyle is one of the worldwide problems of Public Health. Given that, physical activity has both direct and indirect effects on the mortality and morbidity on non-communicable chronic diseases. The aim was to determine the change in prevalence of sedentary lifestyle in a cohort of students. Methods: The Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México makes an Automated Medical Examination to students. In this evaluation, the sport, physical activity and other risk factors were analyzed in students admitted in 2010 to the Faculty of Medicine that were previously analyzed in 2007. Results: A total of 593 students were studied. The mean age was 15.1 ± 1.4 years. The prevalence of physical inactivity increased from 38.3 to 39.9 %. When stratified by gender, women were more sedentary (p < 0.05). Sports activities decreased significantly in frequency and time. In the sedentary population, the prevalence of overweight increased in men and the obesity in women. Smoking increased 4.9 % and alcohol consumption in 36.7 % in both sexes. Conclusions: The prevalence of physical inactivity was higher compared to other countries. Smoking and alcohol consumption increased so it is necessary to follow up and implement programs of health promotion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Interna de Mexico is the property of Colegio de Medicina Interna de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH) may be isolated or associated with other structural anomalies, the latter with poor prognosis. The defect allows viscera to herniate through the defect into the chest, competing for space with the developing lungs. At birth, pulmonary hypoplasia leads to respiratory insufficiency and persistent pulmonary hypertension that is lethal in up to 30% of patients. When isolated, survival chances can be predicted by antenatal measurement of lung size and liver herniation. Chromosomal microarrays and exome sequencing contribute to understanding genetic factors underlying isolated CDH. Prenatal intervention aims at stimulating lung development, clinically achieved by percutaneous fetal endoscopic tracheal occlusion (FETO) under local anesthesia. The Tracheal Occlusion to Accelerate Lung Growth Trial (www.totaltrial.eu) is an international randomized trial investigating the role of fetal therapy for severe and moderate pulmonary hypoplasia. Despite an apparent increase in survival following FETO, the search for lesser invasive and more potent prenatal interventions must continue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Medicina Interna de Mexico is the property of Colegio de Medicina Interna de Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: To design strategies of prevention, control and treatment of chronicnon transmissible diseases in students, it's necessary to know the behavior of these and the risk factors to which they are exposed. Objective: To compare the changes in the prevalence of risks of chronic diseases in students of the National Autonomous University of Mexico (Universidad Autónoma de México [UNAM])asthey make their way from high school to college. Material and methods: Information from the survey of integral valorization of health that the General Board of Medical Services carried in 2007 and 2010 was compared. The information regarded alcohol and tobacco consumption, physical and sports activity, somatometric changes and the presence of high blood pressure, diabetes mellitus, cancer and overweight in the students and their direct family. Results: 593 students participated, 69.6 were women. The BMS changed in three years from 22.3 to 23.4 (P<0.001) in men and from 22.1 to 22.8 (P<0.001) in women. The frequency of high blood pressure changed from 1.54 to 1.69%, the alcohol and tobacco consumption was increased in three years, 32and 7.6% respectively. Men resulted to be more physically active than women. (P<0.05); in three years the practice of soccer decreased in 21.7% and the practice of running 23%. In family members the prevalence of high blood pressure increased from 24.1 to 30.4%; obesity from 27.6 to 31.3% and diabetes mellitus type 2 from 12.8 to 16.2% with P<0.01. Alcohol consumption from 11.4 to 13.3% and tobacco consumption from 24.5 to 24.9%. Conclusions: The increase in risk factors in students and the chronic diseases in their family members indicate a higher risk profile. This is the reason why it is important to promote healthy conducts and to form the youth as agents of change so they can have influence in the reduction of damage in them and their family members. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the elementary school students usually stay in school 4.5 hours a day in Mexico. The main food consumption is outside school. The objective was to explore behaviors on food consumption beyond school environment. Methods: descriptive trial that includes 173 children, both sexes, from public elementary school in Mexico City. Eating habits were obtained through questionnaire and anthropometric characteristics from physical measurement. Results: participants reported to consume soft drinks and canned juices at high frequency and quantity (80 %) and the low consumption of animal foods. They also eat industrialized dairy products with high caloric content and low in protein. Moreover, 30 % of children eats 4 or 5 times a day, whereas 10 % eats one or two times a day. These results were associated with the somatometric characteristics of children, who presented 37.6 % of overweight or obesity while 12 % were underweight. Conclusions: it is necessary that health education involves teachers, parents and children in programs for obesity prevention with the objective of increase healthy behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: elementary school children spend little time at the school in Mexico. The aim was to investigate the activities after school time in children and to determine the presence of overweight and obesity. Methods: one hundred and seventy two children of both sexes were included. They belonged to the first and second grade of an official primary school from a marginalized zone. Somatometry was obtained and the type of physical practice and motifs for no practice physical activity were investigated. Descriptive statistical was applied. Results: the frequency of underweight was 12.1 %, overweight 19 %, and obesity 18.5 %. Sedentary activities like watching television and playing video games were the most common registered, whereas sports were the lowest physical activity practiced, especially in girls. The parents' lack of time, low family income, and the scarcity of safe spaces where children can play and practice physical activity or sports were the most related factors. Conclusions: poverty and insecurity of the neighborhoods influence on the outside activities after school time. The high frequency of underweight, overweight and obesity in school children were associated to the lack of physical activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Pediatria is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: To know the metabolic syndrome and its components prevalence in Mexico City adolescents sample. Design: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 772 men and 1078 women, 12 to 16 years old, from 8 randomly selected public junior high schools in Mexico City. Methods: Anthropometric variables, lipids, lipoproteins, Apo AI and B, glucose and insulin were determined. Results: Prevalence of metabolic syndrome was 12.5%, 11.15% in men and 13.5% en women (p ns). The most frequently metabolic syndrome component found in México City adolescents was low HDL-C levels (38%), followed by hypertriglyceridemia (25.5%), hypertension (19.2%), central obesity (11.8%) and elevated fasting glucose (1.7). Except by the hypertriglyceridemia, higher in woman than in men, 28.2% vs. 21.6%, p < 0.001, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome components was similar between males and females. Conclusions: The high prevalence of biochemical and physiological factors of metabolic syndrome, associated with overweight and obesity in Mexico City adolescents, increases the risk of premature development of coronary atherosclerosis and diabetes mellitus in this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is during 1960's when the Regional Archaeological Survey started to be accepted in Mesoamerica. Since then, different surface surveys have been conducted, mapping archaeological sites not only of the basin of Mexico, but also of many other regions in order to describe settlement patterns. These data are considered fundamental for the studies of prehispanic history from the point of view of evolutionary theories with strong ecological perspectives. The main objective for the archaeology of settlement pattern is to understand the social and political processes toward complex society. In this context, the influence of William T. Sanders and his regional archaeology has been indisputable. In effect, it is hard to understand the development of this type of archaeology without his contribution. Being convinced by the great utility of the archaeology of settlement pattern in order to study population history processes, I applied, basically, his field methods and techniques to survey the valley of Toluca. In this article, I discuss some problematic which I considered fundamental for the surface survey I conducted in the Archaeological Project of Toluca Valley. Also, the most relevant aspects resulted from the surface survey in the region are presented. As well, based on the settlement pattern study, the synthetic description of population history which covers from the first sedentary settlement in the Early Formative period more than three millennia till the Mexica Conquest, in the second half of the 14th century, during the Late Postclassic period is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: the purpose was to estimate the prevalence of smoking in adolescents and its association with some individual and family characteristics in urban and rural areas. Methods: an analytic cross-sectional study was carried out in 3161 junior high school students, of eight public and two private urban schools and three public rural schools. Some student behaviors on tobacco use, patterns of smoking and alcohol consumption in the family and socioeconomic status were measured. Results: the prevalence of smoking increased with age. In private urban schools, women had a higher prevalence that males (27.6 % vs. 19.3 %). In rural area schools was higher in males (9.9 % vs. 3.5 %). Individual characteristics associated with smoking were: the curiosity to smoke (OR = 9.7, CI 95 % = 5.8- 16.3), having experienced with smoking (OR = 26, CI 95 % = 12-56.6) and alcohol consumption (OR = 2.9, CI 95 % = 2.1-3.9). The family characteristics that influence adolescent smoking were the presence of smoking habit in the father (OR = 1.5, CI 95 % = 1.1-2) or in the brother or sister (OR = 2, CI 95 % = 1.3-3). The parents living together (OR = 0.6, CI 95 % = 0.4-0.9) was a protective factor. Conclusions: The exploratory behavior of the adolescent and the patterns of tobacco use and alcohol consumption in the family influenced the adoption of this habit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The distal splenorenal shunt (DERD), selective portosystemic shunt has the advantage slow the progression of hepatic encephalopathy, events of upper gastrointestinal bleeding. We aim to establish that the DERD can be performed in pediatric patients having the same benefits as adults. Material and methods: retrospective, observational, transversal, in patients with portal hypertension and hypersplenism, any genre, two or more episodes of gastrointestinal bleeding, aged between 12 and 203 months, operated as a portosystemic shunt. Records were reviewed in September 2004 to September 2006. Results: We evaluated 11 patients with pulmonary hypertension secondary to portal cavernomatosa degeneration (PCD) (63.6%), cryptogenic cirrhosis (27.3%), choledochal cyst (9%), 6 men and 5 women, median age 72 (19-146) months and weight 20.5 (13.3-44) kg, followed for 7-19 months. We DERD 7, 2 and 2 leads mesocaval Sugiura procedures. No thrombosis or complications. After the shunt was no increase in platelet count (p 0.04), hospital stay was less than 10 days, two patients had a weight below 15 kilograms. Discussion: In our study the most common cause of HP is the DCP. Although there are no reports in children weighing 20 kg for the high risk of stenosis or thrombosis, our patients recovered well during the 19 months follow up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the results of archaeological research in the Huancabamba Valley and excavations at the site of Ingatambo in the same valley, northern Perú. Although archaeological work in this extreme northern region of Perú, near the Ecuadorian border, are very infrequent, the area and its topographic setting, and especially the site of Ingatambo, are important for clarifying the cultural interrelationships between northern Perú and southern Ecuador. For such a reason, synthesizing data, provided by our project and the studies of the surrounding areas, this article presents a description of the cultural contact in this region through analysis of architectural sequences and the established chronology for the purpose of contributing to a better understanding of the dynamics of these interrelationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]