Search

X-rays have motivated the application of imaging techniques in Heritage Sciences, providing a tool that produces global information about the object. The radiography analysis generates information with physical meaning relating the material properties with the photon attenuation. In this work, the characterization of a digital radiography system is presented, and the basis of an analysis method for ceramics sherds is described, based on the study of histograms, which represent the distribution of pixel intensities that made the image. Thus, this study aims to provide a tool, based on a mathematical analysis, encompassing a Lorentzian fit to each image histogram and a cluster analysis, that leads to establish a contrast between ceramic pastes. By applying this method, we could distinguish six paste groups from a set of 275 ceramic objects (archaeological and contemporary) from the Maya region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article from the Spanish Journal of Physics, an experiment is presented in which the generation of X-rays and visible light through triboluminescence is demonstrated by breaking the molecules of adhesive tape glue. Although the presence of X-rays was not detected due to their low intensity, this experiment is proposed as a didactic tool to introduce scientific concepts to students. A thermographic camera and a computational simulation were used to study the propagation of heat in a metal bar, providing useful empirical information to understand transient states of heat conduction. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Dynamis is the property of Dynamis - Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad de Granada and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In quasi 3D mammography, it is necessary to have compressible phantoms that simulate breasts for specific quality controls and for research purposes. The available phantoms are not very accessible due to Latinoamerican economy, so a more economical phantom will be developed. The objectives of this work were: to characterize the X ray beam in Molybdenum-Molybdenum quality, to build samples like adipose, glandular, and malignant tissue and to obtain the attenuation coefficients. Samples were built with silicones, gels, silicone oils, glass microspheres, quartz powder, polylactic acid and thermoplastic polyurethane. Half value layer measurements were performed for X ray equipment and samples at 22, 25, 28, 30, 32 y 35 kV. Values of half layer and equivalent energy for the voltages mentioned above were 0.26, 0.30, 0.32, 0.34, 0.35 and 0.37 mm of Aluminum and 13.95, 14.61, 15.03, 15.28, 15.52 y 15.77 keV, respectively. Among the results obtained we can mention that the half value layer for the samples of gel + Thinner + microspheres, gel + Thinner + quarts and gel + silicone + Thinner + microspheres, for 15 keV, were 7.03 mm, 7.16 mm and 3.97 mm, respectively. It was concluded that the simples of gel + Thinner + microspheres and gel + Thinner + quartz could simulate adipose tissue and the sample of gel + silicone + Thinner + microspheres could simulate malign and glandular tissue, changing the microspheres proportions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Chest radiography is one of the most widespread methods for the identification of pulmonary nodules. However, they are difficult to interpret due to their low contrast and the amount of overlapping anatomical structures in the thoracic region. Computer-aided diagnostic (CAD) systems increase the effectiveness of diagnoses and reduce the workload of specialists. This research proposes a CAD system based on artificial intelligence, where chest X-rays are used for the detection of pulmonary nodules. A network with a YOLO method was used on which transfer learning techniques and three training strategies were applied. Image sets were created from four international databases. The network was trained and validated, and an external test was carried out for the best model obtained, based on a fifth highly difficult database of a different origin than the previous ones. The best model was obtained with the training for the set of segmented images, including the mediastinal area, with a sensitivity of 68% in the external test, which is comparable to previus studies. The approach presents potential and also the advantage to visualize and filtering the model confidence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Médicas de Pinar del Río is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Radiology is a technique used in the diagnosis of fractures and evaluation of bone repair processes. The interaction of the X-rays with the tissues produces a gray image whose density can be set with ImageJ software. The authors report the use of the software to assess the repair progress of orthopedic bone defects treated with demineralized bone matrix (DBM). 12 rabbits that formed 3 treatment groups were used. The animals had a circular defect created in one of the femoral shafts that were treated with MOD. The samples were obtained at 15, 30 and 60 days postoperatively and X-rays of the defects were taken, quantifying the densities of the defects and the neighboring bone; the ratio between both densities generated the relative optical density (DOR) of the defect. The DORs were analyzed in the Infostat software. Radiographs indicated increased densities of the defects, consistent with repair. At 15 days, the mean DOR was 0.68 (±0.08); at 30 days 0.7 (±0.08), and at 60 days 0.94 (±0.03). Fisher's LSD test established that there were no significant differences at 15 and 30 days, while at 60 days the increase in densities was significant (p>0.05). The method used to analyze radiological images with ImageJ validates the comparison of densities at different stages of repair of MOD-treated orthopedic bone defects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to evaluate the thermo-mechanical properties of six light-cured dental composites, prepared using aerosil OX50 as inorganic filler and two matrices: Bis-GMA/tetraethyleneglycol dimethacrylate/γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane and Bis-GMA/triethyleneglycol dimethacrylate/γ-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane. The initiator system was based on the camphorquinone/N, N-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate pair. The filler was characterized by Infrared Spectroscopy to Fourier Transform, X-ray Diffraction and Scanning Electron Microscopy. Dental composites were evaluated by Thermogravimetric Analysis and Dynamic Mechanical Analysis. It was confirmed that aerosil OX50 is an amorphous silicon dioxide, formed by spherical particles of nanometric size. Composites are thermally stable up to 300 °C, which is suitable for their application. Three of the experimental composites have adequate modulus of elasticity and glass transition temperatures, both parameters being slightly higher than those of the Tetric Ceram® commercial composite used as reference. Considering the results obtained, it is possible to use tetraethyleneglycol and triethyleneglycol dimethacrylates in the preparation of experimental dental composites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article titled "I Believe and Belong, or the Designated Believer" addresses the issue of faith and religious belonging in Chile. According to a survey, only 42% of Chileans currently declare themselves as Catholics, and only 19% have trust in the Catholic Church. The author, María Ester Roblero, reflects on her own faith and belonging to the Chilean Catholic Church, despite the disappointments and abuses committed by the institution. She also highlights the importance of the Church in the fight against injustice and the transformation of faith into culture. Additionally, she mentions the influence of art and vicarious religiosity on her belief. [Extracted from the article]

The article presents a clinical case of an 88-year-old man who went to the emergency room for respiratory symptoms. During the evaluation, the Chilaiditi sign was found on a chest computed tomography, which consists of the interposition of a loop of colon between the liver and the right diaphragm. The patient was diagnosed with pneumonia and was given antibiotic treatment. The Chilaiditi sign is an abnormal radiological finding that can be caused by the interposition of a loop of colon in the subphrenic space. Treatment is generally conservative, but in exceptional cases, surgical intervention may be required. [Extracted from the article]

The Ambystoma mexicanum commonly known as axolotl, is an amphibian and member of the genus Ambystoma which includes 32 species that can be found from southern Canada to central Mexico. Currently this species is in danger of extinction due to physicochemical changes in its environment and predation by organisms introduced into its habitat. Among the multiple strategies to aid in its conservation are the development of research programs, education and development of clinical management. The objective of this work is focused on obtaining and analyzing morphometric data accompanied by a description of the external and internal anatomy of the species Ambystoma mexicanum with the purpose of contributing to the conservation of this species. Therefore, five 2-year-old specimens of the Ambystoma mexicanum species, raised in captivity, were studied to obtain external and internal morphometric values using a vernier caliper, analytical balances and X-rays. The results of external observation showed the characteristic sexual dimorphism of these species present in the pericloacal zone. Furthermore, the radiographic analysis allowed to observe and point out some bony structures of the axial and appendicular skeleton. The specimens presented an average weight of 31.60 g and a length of 15.70 cm. The forelimbs showed a length of 2.92 cm and 2.8 cm in the hindlimbs. Analysis of the internal organs showed that the heart had a weight of 0.036 g and a length of 0.75 cm, the lungs a weight of 0.019 g and a length of 2.6 cm, the stomach had a length of 4.86 cm and the intestine 10.88 cm. In conclusion, the values presented in this work serve as a reference for future veterinary clinical research and zootechnical management of the axolotl for its conservation and preservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This literature review briefly describes the history and principles of X-ray and magnetic resonance imaging, its applications in entomology and other agronomic fields are analyzed, besides the perspectives for future research. It is concluded that the analyzed methodologies are non-destructive, they allow to give follow-up to the same individual through images and computerized models in two and three dimensions for the study of cells, tissues and organs in living insects. These techniques contribute to the morphological, physiological and ecological understanding of insects in different environments or treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma. Serie VII, Historia del Arte is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Quaderns de Recerca en Urbanisme is the property of Grup d'Investigacio en Urbanisme and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Nowadays, there is consensus about the relevance of lead-free piezoceramics. In this work KNNLiLaTa0.1 ceramics fulfilling that requisite were obtained using NaNbO3 as precursor. By means of SEM, NaNbO3 showed a grain morphology consisting in thin rectangular platelets. However, in KNNLiLaTa0.1 the grains were polyhedral, with dimensions much smaller than those of the precursor grains, showing a bimodal distribution due to the presence of some dopants, like Lanthanum. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chest X-rays are one of the most common procedures used in neonatal intensive care units (NICU). The objective of this study was to determine the X-ray radiation dose received by hospitalized patients by means of incident air kerma (Ki), a measure of the skin entry dose. Material and methods: Observational, prospective, longitudinal and descriptive study. We included patients treated at the NICU of the Hospital Materno Infantil, Nuevo León, Mexico, who had one or more thoraco-abdominal (portable) radiographs taken during their stay. Ki was measured according to the International Atomic Energy Agency for the dosimetry of pediatric patients in plain radiography. Results: Sixty-six patients were analyzed. In total, 416 radiographs were taken; the median number of radiographs per patient was 13 (IQR 2-26). The Ki was 140 (IQR 80-450) µGy by radiography. In 75% of the exposures, the median Ki was 195 µGy. Conclusions: In newborns cared for in the NICU, the radiation doses from thoraco-abdominal radiographs are higher than international recommendations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Antecedentes: la radiología es fundamental en la medicina veterinaria para lograr diagnósticos precisos‚ garantizar la seguridad del paciente‚ diseñar tratamientos efectivos y avanzar en la ciencia. Por otro lado‚ la oferta de material veterinario multimedia es limitado. La disponibilidad de recursos educativos interactivos en radiología felina es escasa. Objetivo: desarrollar una herramienta multimedia en radiología felina de acceso libre para estudiantes y profesionales que describa la anatomía visible de la radiografía digital. Métodos: en el estudio en felinos consultantes del Centro Veterinario Cely‚ se utilizó el equipo AJEX 200H para las vistas radiográficas. Se verificó que las radiografías reflejaran una anatomía normal. Posteriormente‚ se identificaron los órganos y estructuras en las radiografías. Con el apoyo de un diseñador multimedia‚ se usó Adobe Photoshop para retocar los contrastes de las radiografías‚ se empleó Adobe Illustrator para delimitar cada trazo en las diferentes partes anatómicas de las imágenes. Finalmente‚ se utilizó Sublime Text 3 para realizar toda la programación multimedia. Resultados: el resultado obtenido es una herramienta multimedia interactiva de libre acceso con una navegabilidad fácil e intuitiva por las regiones anatómicas del gato‚ incluyen el cráneo‚ la columna cervical‚ torácica y lumbosacra‚ el tórax y los miembros torácicos y pélvicos en diversas proyecciones. Cuenta con un interfaz que presenta un listado de imágenes de las diferentes regiones estudiadas. Cada radiografía se presenta con un panel interactivo donde al pasar el cursor se resaltan los accidentes morfológicos y órganos. Link de acceso: https://atlasradiologico.online/onepage Conclusiones: las herramientas gratuitas brindan una oportunidad para el estudio de la anatomía radiográfica felina. La disponibilidad de estas permite acceder a recursos educativos‚ explorar y familiarizarse con la anatomía radiográfica del gato. El desarrollo de esto requiere una sinergia entre profesionales de la salud animal y expertos en ingeniería multimedia para lograr una herramienta que combina la precisión científica con una experiencia de usuario óptima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Upper aerodigestive tract may harbour foreign bodies such as sponges, grains, toy parts, stones, paper, insects, cotton, glass ball, etc. These objects may go undetected for days or even weeks. A metallic foreign body after being inhaled and ultimately being lodged in the nasopharynx is a rare entity. We report a case of an unusual nasopharyngeal foreign body (glass ball) presenting with symptoms of nasal regurgitation and change in voice in a 2-year boy. The foreign body was diagnosed by X-ray skull lateral view including nasopharynx and was removed under general anesthesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Comunicación 'Vivat Academia' is the property of Facultad de Ciencias de las Informacion de la Universidad Complutense (Espana) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of X-rays in the dental clinic has become mandatory because through this one, a more concrete diagnosis is obtained to realize treatments that are more predictable. However, ionizing radiation can produce possible side effects such as: alter the electrical neutrality of the atom and make it excitable or unstable, becoming toxic to the tissues. This research established the amount of ionizing radiation in the environment around the equipment emitted by the periapical X-ray of the Faculty of Dental Surgery from Universidad Salvadoreña Alberto Masferrer. In order to develop this study, two (2) background dosimeters were used, inside and two outside each of the rooms, attached to the walls, in each of the four rooms by the four X-ray devices located in the undergraduate and specialty clinical area, and in the preclinical undergraduate laboratory. The results show that the employees of the University, students and patients are not in danger because the amount of ionizing radiation collected outside of the rooms where the X-ray equipment is placed, is insignificant (less than 2 mSv), due to the safety radiologic measures of the installations from the academic clinic of the university. In addition, it reinforces the importance of closing the door or placing the protection barrier when taking the X-ray, as well as not staying inside when taking X-rays, since the amount of radiation captured inside of the rooms was greater than the one recorded outside but did not exceed six mSv. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Fetus in fetu is a rare congenital condition that has been defined as the presence of one monozygotic twin, in most cases, in the sibling's abdomen. It is most frequently present as a retroperitoneal mass. The diagnostic difference between fetus in fetu and teratoma is discussed. This work's objective is to describe the case of two patients with fetus in fetu through a reduced literature review in terms of etiologic hypotheses and diagnostic methods. Case Reports. Two cases are presented. The first case is that of an infant with persistent abdominal distension, in whom an abdominal mass was found by palpating. The second case is that of a newborn baby with a prenatal abdominal mass diagnosis. Both cases present X-ray images that demonstrate an abdominal mass compatible with fetus in fetu, reason why the patients were subsequently surgically intervened to remove the mass. Discussion. It is important to keep this pathology in mind as a differential diagnosis of abdominal masses in infant patients, since being able to differentiate it from a mature teratoma would indicate that the mass is an embryonic development alteration, not a tumor pathology. Imaging methods and, in some cases, chromosome or histopathological analyses, are necessary for this, in order to clarify the diagnosis of fetus in fetu. Conclusion. Fetus in fetu is a rare pathology with few cases diagnoses prenatally. It is mainly diagnosed during infancy. X-ray images and, in some cases, chromosome or histopathological analyses, are greatly important for definitive diagnoses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work seeks an understanding of the elaboration of ceramic whistles in the community of Uayma, Yucatan. As part of the objectives, the tangible and intangible characteristics that involve the process of creating six selected aerophones from a larger sample of twelve sound artifacts were documented. The research frames the links of material culture, knowledge and technology used in the manufacture of aerophones, as well as the worldview of producers. The results of the morphology, acoustics and functionality of these artifacts are presented through an X-ray imaging study applied to the sample in order to understand the variants existing in the internal and external forms that regulate the conditions of execution, as well as the acoustics and functionality of the instrument. The present study adds, as an interpretive option, to the multiple proposals derived from the theme of production of ceramic sound artifacts for the Maya area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cysticercosis 15 a great danger in latinoamerican countries and some others, no medical treatment is known surgery is satisfied in small percentage of cases; the experiments made in swine treatment demonstrated that it is possible to exterminate the parasites lodged in muscular tissue as in the nervous centers; this was the initial phase of the investigations performed by one of the authors (Chavarría). Once this objective was achieved, it was planned with Dr. Robles to transfer results on man, and treatment was applied to a six years old boy. At first requirements were accomplished for experimenting on humans which Helsinki Chart Indicates, one act was sta blished with the patient's parents, who were well aware that of veterinary medication or treatment would be used whose action and reactions are unknown on humans. This case was studied and used with advantage, diagnosis was made and verified by various institutions, it was parenchymatous, multiple, intracerebral cysticercosis with supra and infratentorial lesions, with fatal prognosis, which fully proven by clinical observations. The patient was hospitalized in a trust worthy medical center and with complete laboratory resources, good medical staff, equipment etc. in order to meet any emergency. Medication was given at a dose of 50 mg/patient's weight every 24 hours during two weeks. In order to prevent complications the senior author considered the use of Prednisone convenient at adose of 30 mg per day orally during the duration of the research period. Fenobarbital was also administered at the dose 0.05 g daily with very good promising results. The patient was examined clinically every day, vital signs taken every six hours, frequent determinations hematic biometry, urine, blood chemistry, protrombine dosifications, determinations on blood coagulation and bleeding time, liver functioning, dosification on bilirubins, transaminases and lactic dehydrogenase. No reaction of intolerance of allergic reaction has been observed. With fatal prognosis of this clinical form of cysticercosis, which various physicians made known to the patient's family and on which we agreed upon the case was ideal in our opinion to be used for the first time on a human being, one medication already tested on voluntary people with results of inocuity and complete tolerance. The patient had been treated daily with 16 mg of Dexametasona and 7 mg of Fenobarbltal. He presented two months before violent picture of cranial hypertensioncephalea, vomit, oculogyration to right, convulsive crisis, diplopia and papillary oedema. CFT (Nieto) positive to 1.0 ml. Diagnosis of billateral, generalized, diffused, and intracerebral cysticercosis and moreover taenlasis. Electroencephalogram: disorganization and identification of diffuse base in both cerebral hemispheres. CAT: multiple granulomatose processes supra and infratentorials with peripheral cedema. After this treatment the patient is completely asymptomatic and has received no further medical treatment during the past three months. The laboratory tests on the above mentioned control are normal. CRL Pandy, bacterioscopy and cultures negatives. CFT negative. Normal electroencephalogram. Immunological reactions suggest that the parasites are exterminated, the antigenic reactions have disappeared. X rays: disappear completely the annular shadows. Conclusions may be trusted that the praziquantel is efficient for the treatment of cerebral cysticercosis, it exterminates the cysticerci and cures the disease. in the present case, there were neither allergyc reaction or intolerance or toxic phenomena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The X-rays calmed the hurtful desire experienced by many artists to probe the visible and the invisible, endowing the vision with an unsuspected depth. Those first veiled skiagraphs in the old hospital San Vicente de Paul in Chile in 18961, began the definitive discredit of the old paradigm of the positivist reality, unique and univocal, to incorporate a new substance that in the long run would be definitive in the artistic and creative development of the twentieth century: the other, its hidden face. This essay places value on X-rays, as a photographic (artistic) technique, understood as a beautiful tool for the exploration and analysis of reality hidden behind the appearance of the visible world, and as an "unknown light" applied to the architectural project reveals a suggestive world of possibilities with which to find spaces and invent places. The research analyzes the potential of this suggestive tool, contributing as a result, the personal experience maintained with Nick Veasey in Radar Studio (London, 2015). Unpublished documentation that reveals an exciting world with infinite creative possibilities. A new reality unveiled that surprises us with the discovery of new spaces for art and architecture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The quality of reduction in proximal humerus fractures is valuable with radiographic criteria (Neck-shaft angle [NSA]; medial offset [MO]; distance head tuberosity [DHT] and subacromial space [SS]) that predict functionality. These criteria set for other implants are not described for the intramedullary nail. Material and methods: Observational cohort study, retrospective, with patients > 18 years, with osteosynthesis with intramedullary nail (2014 to 2017), evaluating demographic characteristics, severity of injury (Neer classification), progressive radiographic measurements and complications. Results: 84 cases with an average age of 65 ± 2 years and an average follow-up of 13.9 months were analyzed. By Neer rating 40.4% were grade II, 29.7% grade III and 29.7% grade IV. Consolidation in varus increases to 10.7% at the end of follow-up, with Neer III and IV patients. The >140o deformity is prevalent for Neer II (n = 15/34). 30.9% have a change of neck-shaft angle of = 10o. Overall 86.9% has HTD changes < 5 mm. Cases Neer III/IV 32% has alteration of SS > 5 mm. The most common complication is avascular necrosis (AVN) with 44% of cases. Conclusions: Radiographic measurements have changes in long-term follow-up. Alterations in NSA (> 10o) and SS (> 5 mm) occur in higher proportion of Neer III/IV patients, according to the severity of the fracture, favoring vicious consolidations in varus or valgus and increased presence of AVN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Radiology is a fundamental tool on outpatient Family Medicine practice. Its adverse effects include its abuse, given that the patient is exposed to unnecessary radiation, and health care costs increase. Objective: To evaluate the implementation of a radiodiagnostic congruence strategy (RDCS) in a first-level unit in Mexico City. Material and methods: It was carried out an experimental, longitudinal study that covered both a previous period of time and another one after implementing the RDCS. It was evaluated the congruence between the diagnosis and the appropriateness of the imaging studies on the basis of the correspondent clinical practice guidelines. It was applied as well a bivariate statistical analysis that associated the diagnosis, the anatomical region and the patients' sex. Results: The number of imaging studies diminished substantially, while the congruence increased; this was associated to the anatomical region and the diagnosis; sex was not a decisive variable. Conclusions: Implementing the RDCS shows positive effects, since the number of requests for imaging diminished (in 43.7%), and the radio-diagnostic congruence increased (8.5%) after implementing the RDCS. The reduction of requests for imaging could have been influenced by the fact that the medical staff could have been inhibited after been monitored, which could have led them to dispatch only the necessary requests for imaging. Our findings concur with the literature in the number of imaging studies requested in the first level of care, and the necessity to check out its appropriateness in order to increase its effectivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Sociedad Química del Perú is the property of Sociedad Quimica del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Low back pain is one of the top 10 problems that lead to visiting a family doctor. It affects 85% of people at some time in their lives. Instability is defined as loss of stability of the mobile vertebral segment, so that the application of forces to this segment produces an abnormal movement with greater displacement compared to the normal column that leads to low back pain and deformity. Acute back pain occurs between 5-25%, 90% of them remit in 6 weeks and 10% become chronic. Is the most common and costly reason for work-related disability in the population under 45; in Mexico it is the seventh cause of work absenteeism. Direct medical costs in the United States have been estimated between 12.2 to 90.6 billion per year. Lumbar instability is an important cause of low back pain and is often a major factor in determining the surgical indication for vertebral fusion with decompression. Although segmental instability is often used as a synonym for degenerative spondylolisthesis, it is clear that there are many other conditions that are potentially unstable (acute trauma, surgery, spondylolysis, tumors or infections). In the present study we review the indirect findings by Magnetic Resonance degenerative lumbar instability, since it is the most accurate method for degenerative anomalies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is still not in-depth knowledge of image quality with respect to the dose, that can be obtained using "Computed Radiography" (CR). Toward this aim the present work was focused on. Digital mammography images obtained from an anthropomorphic phantom were analyzed. The current of the X-ray tube and the acquisition time as well as the energy of the X-ray beam were varied and the influence of these variations on the mean glandular dose and image quality were analyzed. Mathematical metrics like signal-to-noise-ratio, image contrast, contrast-to-noise ratio, structural similarity index, spectral distance and mean squared error were used to grade image quality. Subjective image quality analysis, using the criteria of expert observers, was also included and the doses were estimated from measures done with an ionization chamber. An optimized protocol was obtained which reduced the mean glandular dose significantly while a good image quality was maintained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lability of the human cellular component, under the effect of ionizing radiation (IR), involves altered cellular and sub-cellular changes in the organism, especially in cells in continuous reproduction, and lower degree of differentiation. The carcinogenic, mutagenic and genotoxic potential of IR is explained in this review. The effects of exposure to IR are clarified, when inadequate doses are exposed in dentistry at the molecular, cellular and organic levels. Also explains the mechanisms which trigger possible damage, alternatives for the control of absorption, and the validation for its use as a means of dental diagnosis at pediatric and adult stages, and finally, it exposes radiation emitting technologies in dentistry. The harmful but necessary nature of the radiation at the dental environment, could raise awareness of dental health institutions, their staff and involved patients, to comply with and to enforce control measures during dental clinical procedures which use IR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polyostotic Fibrous Dysplasia (PFD) is a form of fibrous displasia affecting more than one bone, mainly craniofacial, ribs and costal, femoral, pelvic and tibial bones. In less proportion it also can develope in the vertebral column. Due to it's pathophysiologic characteristic, it can compromise any bone. We present the case of a 25 years old, female patient, with a history of moderate shooting pain over the right scapula, with proximal weakness of the right lower extremity followed by weakness of contralateral extremity, abdominal paresthesia and lose of sphincters' control. Due to the image studies findings (thoracic X-ray, cervico-dorsal computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging), the subject was submitted to a medullary decompression with dorsal approach. Histopathologic results, from the tissue sample taken during surgery, confirmed the presence of bone fibrous dysplasia. Following the detection of PFD lesions, it is paramount to make imaging studies to the vertebral column for immediate detection of lesions in this site, and bring timely treatment to maintain a stable column and hamper neurologic damage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia & Trabajo is the property of Fundacion Cientifica y Tecnologica de la Asociacion Chilena de Seguridad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Médicas UIS is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Pneumomediastinum or Hamman syndrome usually appears in young males; any condition provoking Valsalva maneuvers can be a predisposing factor. Clinical case: We report an 18 years old male admitted to the emergency room for polydipsia, polyphagia, malaise, profuse vomiting and chest pain. A diabetic ketoacidosis was diagnosed and a chest X ray film showed a pneumomediastinum. The patient was compensated metabolically and an esophageal X ray examination discarded esophageal perforation. He was discharged in good conditions seven days after admission. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose. Identify the most common tomographic findings of neuroinfection in HIV-positive patients, as well as the most common etiologic agents and the importance of tomography in detecting such alterations. Material and methods. Fifty-six clinical and x-ray files of HIV-positive patients registered in the period between January 2007 and December 2011 at the National Institute of Respiratory Diseases were reviewed. Only 30 patients who had a confirmed diagnosis of both HIV and neuroinfection, as well as contrasted cranial tomography and study of cephalorachidian fluid (CRF), were included. CD4 concentrations in patients with no tomographic finding of neuroinfection and patients who presented tomographic alteration were compared using the Kruskal-Wallis test. Results. Contrasted cranial tomography in the patients studied in this sample produced findings compatible with meningitis in 46.6% of the cases; in this group, mycobacterium tuberculosis was identified as the most common causal agent (69%). In the statistical analysis of different CD4 values no statistically significant difference was found. Conclusions. Cranial tomography is a highly valuable method, with good sensitivity and excellent availability for studying patients with HIV and signs of neuroinfection. The most common tomographic findings were suggestive of meningitis and mycobacterium tuberculosis was the most common causal agent in patients in our population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The qualities that digital x-rays possess, and which analog x-ray lack, are unquestionable. In an effort to obtain analogic x-rays that have the same qualities, we have implemented a technique that uses the photographic process and digital processing of images. Using them individually or simultaneously, depending on the problem, we have found that sensitivity can be increased to the point where it is possible to view details that would be difficult to see otherwise. At times high resolution is also needed, and thus far we have achieved 10 microns; however, that value can be improved in the near future using higher resolution detectors. We show the results of applying the technique in four cases. Material and methods. The x-rays were photographed using a CCD (charge coupled device) camera and a fixed focal distance lens. Controlling the diameter of the diaphragm, we obtained contrasted images even when the x-ray is dark or bright. Changing the distance between the camera and the x-ray we controlled the size of the photographed area. The pixel size of the CCD camera is 3 microns and the size of the digitalized images is 3000 x 2200 pixels. The maximum resolution obtained is 10 microns for an x-ray area of 30 x 25 mm. To show some of the advantages of the technique, four cases were analyzed: rheumatoid arthritis, osteopenia, breast cancer, and calcifications. Discussion. The first case shows how, when the diameter of the camera diaphragm is varied, a contrasted image can be obtained from a low-contrast x-ray. The second shows how, simultaneously using photographic technique and digital image processing, we can reach the extreme of making semi-quantitative evaluations of the information contained in the x-ray. The third case shows how, with the aid of the technique implemented, errors in x-ray interpretation can be avoided. It is important to emphasize the resolution achieved, because at times it is necessary to know the structure, shape, and dimensions of findings, and that is possible only with good resolution, which is the point of the fourth case. Conclusion. The technique implemented, when combined with other mathematical tools, may be used, for example, to monitor advances in diseases such as bone metastasis, monitor the action of therapies, highlight desired information in mammograms, etc. To know the limits of application of the technique, it is necessary to analyze more x-rays containing information on other diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. One way to monitor the efficacy of therapies in bone disease is by digitally subtracting two images, one taken before starting treatment and the other after completing it. This article describes a method based on a more practical photographic process, which does not require as much care in taking x-rays. The graphs illustrate what is happening with bone density, so that the evolution of the disease can be rapidly inferred. Material and methods. The x-rays and mammograms analyzed were obtained from a patient with breast cancer and metastasis in the humeral head of the right shoulder. To show the efficacy of the method, the humeral head and the surgical neck were analyzed. The time interval between the first and second x-rays was one year and for the mammograms the difference was 6 months. Discussion. To obtain the images used in the analysis no restrictions were imposed, and even so the results obtained are encouraging to use the technique in monitoring diseases, therapies, or drugs related to the bone system, in cases where the density of an organ changes as a function of time. The graphs clearly show when and where there is loss or gain of bone density. The method also solves the problem that the resulting difference may be a negative number, in which case flat surfaces are obtained indicating the need to invert the difference. Conclusion. The technique is fairly robust, to the degree that it could be used to monitor bone diseases where there is simultaneous bone growth and degradation, as in cases where there is a combination of osteolytic and osteoblastic metastasis, and also where there are changes in tissue density, as in the breasts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Diaphragmatic eventration is a congenital malformation which could result in respiratory distress. A chest X-ray, shows an elevated diaphragm. Most case reports present unilateral diaphragmatic eventration. We report a case of an infant with bilateral diaphragmatic elevation. Case report. A 17 day old infant presented with respiratory distress. With the aid of an Xray study we diagnosed a bilateral congenital eventration of the diaphragm (BCED). A bilateral thoracotomy was performed. Discussion. Congenital diaphragmatic eventration represents 5% of all diaphragmatic pathology. There have been few reports of bilateral congenital diaphragmatic eventration. We found only nine reported cases since 1973, and only one in Mexico and Latin America. A bilateral diaphragmatic placation in our patient was successful. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital colon pouch syndrome, is an infrequent clinical condition in which the colon is totally o partially replaced by a cystic dilatation, and is associated with an anorectal malformation; which may be a urinary tract fistula, a vaginal or vestibule fistula, or a cul-de-sac. We present a rare variant of the anorrectal malformation, with two cases of colon pouch types II and III respectively. The diagnosis was suspected in a plain X-ray and on a distal colostogram. It was confirmed during surgery. The controversial aspects of surgical options are discussed, and emphasis is made on the importance of the follow-up of patients with anorectal malformations, including the need for bowel rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Occult Tethered Cord Syndrome (OTCS) is a relatively new entity with highly satisfactory responses to the operative treatment, consisting in filum terminal section. Clinical case: We presented Occult Tethered Cord Syndrome in two sick persons joined by narrow son-and-mother loops. First patient is a male, 9 years old with legs pain and occasionally in testicles, and frequent fallen. His mother complaints fecal incontinence and legs pain irradiated to perianal region. Simple X ray in both cases confirms scoliosis and bifid spine in L5. Also, magnetic resonance shows filum terminale in posterior position. A surgical rupture of filum terminale was made and symptoms disappear. Conclusions: This syndrome may be present in different family members' with good outcome with surgical section of the filum terminal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The Occult Tethered Cord Syndrome (OTCS) is a relatively new entity with highly satisfactory responses to the operative treatment, consisting in filum terminal section. With this in view we accomplished a prospective study, in order to examine the more important aspects related to the OTCS. Methods: We studied 62 patients diagnosed and treated as themselves ages oscillated between the five thirty nine years. We analysed clinical manifestations and surgical results. Results: Predominated paediatric patients and female, although in adolescence were in the males. The more frequent manifestations were sphincter dysfunction, pain and muscle skeletal alterations. From the radiological point of view: in simple x-ray pondered spine bifida and scoliosis and presence of posterior filum terminal in magnetic resonance. We got improvement in 100 % of the sick persons with the operative treatment and almost disappearance of the manifestations in over the 80 %. Conclusion: patients with OTCS have good outcome with the surgical section of the filum terminal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]