Search

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: In the treatment of waste water at the "Desembarco del Granma" textile factory there is a neutralization tank, which resembles a continuous reactor with agitation. This equipment uses H2SO4, which must be replaced by a chemical agent with a lower impact on the environment. Objective: To determine the viability of using the existing reactor at the "Desembarco del Granma" textile factory for the neutralization of residual water when using CO2. Materials and Methods: Continuous stirred reactors were compared at laboratory and industrial levels, where the criterion of geometric similarity was considered. The Aspen Plus program was used to simulate the industrial reactor, considering the kinetics obtained at the laboratory level. The fluid package selected was the UNIQUAC. Results and Discussion: The speed at the tip of the impeller is the same for both reactors and the relationship between the diameter of the impeller and that of the tank remains practically constant, so there is geometric similarity between the reactors. The pH of the residual water neutralized with CO2 was 7.2, showing adequate neutralization. Conclusions: Geometric similarity was evidenced between continuous stirred reactors at laboratory and industrial levels. The pH of the neutralized wastewater in the industrial reactor, determined by simulation, was 7.2. It was proven, with the use of Aspen Plus, that the textile company's industrial reactor can be used for the wastewater neutralization process when CO2 is used instead of H2SO4. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research presented addresses the connotation of the non-observance of the right of nature in Cuban constitutionalism from the analysis of Law No. 124, of terrestrial waters from the study of Comparative Law, in relation to the legal framework of Latin American countries that do recognize the rights of nature in their legislation within the legal systems, in order to determine the impact of this non-observance on the legislative gaps in the environmental legal system studied. Materials and methods: Theoretical and empirical methods were used, as well as techniques and procedures of scientific research, theoretical doctrinal analysis of the categories involved in the delimitation of legislative gaps based on the most representative theoretical references to conclude that the legal system Cuban protects the right of people to use and enjoy that environment; not the right of nature to be used, guaranteeing its own subsistence as provided for in other legal systems, the lower hierarchy norms follow this legal logic. That of analysis and synthesis, to systematize the main elements studied; comparative law, to know the regulatory treatment of the water resource. The bibliographic review, to know the criteria of scholars on the subject. Results: the identification of possible legislative gaps in the aforementioned legal norm is provided and it is noted as an idea to defend the non-observance of the right of nature, by conditioning the presence of axiological legislative gaps in the legal norms of environmental content in the Cuban legal system., incident to its future perfection by the legislator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The aquaculture industry is constantly growing, registering a global production of almost 88 million tonnes by 2020. This industry brings environmental problems if its effluents are not properly treated. In 2020, the first technology-based company of CONICET was established in Argentine Patagonia whose purpose is the aquaculture production of the green sea urchin, Arbacia dufresnii to develop a range of nutraceutical products. Its cultivation system entails a commitment to sustainability since its creation, and yet it generates effluents with high levels of nitrates and phosphates. Objective: Given this scenario, and valuing bioremediation as a water treatment tool, the use of marine microalgae as phytoremediating agents of aquaculture effluent is proposed in this work. Methods: The microalgae Chaetoceros gracilis, Navicula sp., Tetraselmis suecica, Rhodomona salina, Nanochloropsis galvana and Cylindrotheca closterium were use; which are used as food for sea urchins larvae in the production process. An experiment was designed that compares the microalgal growth and the removal capacity of nutrients in the effluent in contrast to the artificial culture medium currently used in the production cycle. Results: It is possible to remedy the aquaculture industry's effluent by employing the selected microalgae, with a percentage of removal efficiency of 100 % of the nitrate and an average removal efficiency percentage of 50 % for all the microalgae tested. Likewise, significantly higher microalgal biomass values were obtained when the culture was carried out in the effluent the culture in the artificial environment. Conclusions: The advances in research provided in this work show that it is possible to take advantage of a discard to cultivate microalgae, even improving microalgal productivity for use as food, reducing the costs involved in the microalgal production sector by changing the use of the type of current culture medium (F/2) for that from a current discard. These advances, if scaled and validated, can improve industry sustainability standards within the framework of a circular economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The rational use of water and the application of treatment systems for wastewater are presented as an alternative to remedy the contamination of aquatic ecosystems. The activated IHPLUS® constitutes an alternative for the bioremediation of contaminated water sources. The objective of the study was to determine the toxicity by single exposure of the activated IHPLUS® product in larvae of Artemia sp. Methods: Toxicity was evaluated by single exposure of the activated IHPLUS® bioproduct in Artemia sp. larvae obtained from cysts included in artificial seawater. The experimental groups of larvae were exposed for 24 hours to five decreasing concentrations of the product under study and were compared with a control group without exposure. The LC50 of the bioproduct was calculated as well as the influence of factors that could be responsible for the toxicity/mortality was studied, these were the presence or absence of microorganisms and pH. Results: The LC50 of the product was 0,042% in artificial seawater, thus it is classified as non-toxic for crustaceans. It was shown that the activated IHPLUS® was toxic at concentrations higher than 0,032% in Artemia sp. larvae, under the test conditions. The pH turned out to be the responsible factor in the production of the toxicity of the bioproduct in Artemia sp. Conclusion: The activated IHPLUS® was not dangerous for crustaceans in marine environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The design of a control system for the treatment of cooling water of a sulfur former in a crude oil upgrader is presented, to maintain the conductivity of the cooling water in established ranges, and in this way avoid the accumulation of minerals in the pipes which deteriorates the cooling system. In the development, the physicochemical properties to be controlled were determined, such as conductivity, its biological agents and the dissolved solids (TDS) present in the water, treating the conductivity through controlled purges and the microorganisms and TDS through the dosage of chemical products. Also, the conductivity and chemical dosing control system was designed using a Programmable Logic Controller, the different components such as sensors, pumps, valves, level meter and conductivity meter were selected and subsequently the control system was validated through simulation of the process within the LOGO SOFT comfort software. The results demonstrated the correct on and off operation of the pumps and valves, and it was concluded that the design is capable of keeping all the parameters controlled in the event of any change in the input variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In the research, Moringa Oleifera - MO seeds were used in coagulation-flocculation processes, identifying the main properties it presents such as coagulant activity. Aims: The purpose of the research was to evaluate the coagulant and flocculating effect of moringa seed flour in the treatment of turbid water (with turbidity between 700 NTU and 800 NTU). Methods: The experimental tests were carried out under the following conditions: shelled moringa seed flour in NaCl solution, 1 M, it was observed that it has no effect on the clarification of turbid water and modifies the pH to 4.47; The mixture of moringa seed flour with aluminum sulfate (Aquapol brand) was investigated in jar tests with 300 mL of turbid water at conditions of: shelled moringa seed flour 1.02 g, 5.01 g and 10, 02 grams; with aluminum sulfate 0.1 mL, 0.5 mL, and 0.7 mL, respectively; at 200 rpm for 2 minutes, Results: Evaluating water quality after 1.5 h and 12 h of sedimentation; It was determined that the best performance was the mixture of: 1.02 g of moringa seed flour with 0.1 mL of aluminum sulfate, 200 rpm for 2 minutes, then at 70 rpm for 15 minutes and 12 h of sedimentation. Discussion: Experimental tests have been carried out using Moringa Oleifera (MO) for raw river water treatment processes in places of low economic availability and due to its abundant availability, low cost, and non-toxic. Conclusions: It was concluded that its most viable application would be as a flocculation adjuvant, since, when used with a Chemical coagulant, it reduces the concentration of the chemical coagulant with good removal results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The legal treatment that has been given to water in Ecuador is interesting from the point of view of its constitutional evolution, because although it is true that it was considered a natural resource, it is now treated as a human right and a strategic sector. In the present investigation, based on a historical-legal methodology, a review is made of how the treatment of water resources has advanced at a constitutional level, and how international instruments, as well as the jurisprudence of international organizations and the soft law, influenced the Ecuadorian constituent for special treatment, being the first constitution to recognize it as a human and fundamental right. The research indicates that, despite the advances at the regulatory level, there is still a long way to go in terms of institutions and public resources that allow the generation of infrastructure to guarantee the right. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A water pretreatment plant for hemodialysis through clarification and dechlorination does not offer the expected flow with the required quality, in terms of suspended solids and residual free chlorine, affecting the useful life of reverse osmosis membranes and microfilters. In this work, operational problems are identified and improvements are proposed to guarantee greater efficiency of the installation. Objective: To propose improvements that guarantee the efficiency of water pretreatment for hemodialysis. Materials and Methods: The water flows supplied to the settler and the filter, and water characteristics were determined and compared with those of drinking water and for reverse osmosis. The effects of removal of suspended solids, turbidity, color, residual chorine and required dose of coagulant were established. The load applied to the double layer filter was checked. Results and Discussion: The inlet pressure to the plant does not allow the design flow to be achieved. The applied dose of coagulant is not adequate and alkali should not be added. It was found that the clarification and dechlorination processes are inefficient. Conclusions: Neither the service demand nor the design flow rate is always guaranteed. The required dose of coagulant is 18 mg/L and there is no need to alkalinize the water. The turbidity and color removal efficiencies are 70% and 60.53% respectively, and the suspended solids removal efficiency in the settler is 45.2%. The output turbidity and free chlorine concentration exceed those required for reverse osmosis membranes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aquatic ecosystems, essential for water purification, climate regulation and biodiversity conservation, face increasingly worrying threats due to the release of contaminants, including copper sulfate and aluminum sulfate. These compounds, exert serious adverse effects on the health of aquatic organisms and the integrity of their biological niches. This study focuses on Gammarus pulex, a highly sensitive indicator of pollution in aquatic habitats. To address this research, a rigorous methodology was implemented that ranged from the isolation and identification of G. pulex individuals to their acclimatization and subsequent controlled exposure to copper and aluminum sulfate. Comprehensive evaluation of the effects of this exposure included in detailed morphometric and population analyses. The results revealed that all studied concentrations of these contaminants caused significant reductions in the growth of G. pulex populations. Noting, worryingly, that treatment with Al2(SO4)5 during an exposure period of 48 hours and at a concentration of 40 ppm resulted in 100% mortality. Together, these findings underscore the urgent need to address copper sulfate and aluminum sulfate pollution in aquatic ecosystems, recognizing the vulnerability of key species such as G. pulex. Preserving the health of these populations and conserving the integrity of aquatic ecosystems is essential to ensure the proper functioning and sustainability of these valuable habitats. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CienciAmérica is the property of Revista Cienciamerica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Educación (2707-3378) is the property of Duanys Miguel Pena Lopez and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

biological treatment is most used for domestic wastewater. The fixed-bed reactor is a biofilm of microorganisms capable of degrading organic matter, and is an efficient alternative compared to conventional systems, as it increases the contact surface between the microorganism and organic matter. The present work focuses on the adaptation, acclimatization, and use of activated sludge for the formation of a biofilm in a bioreactor for the treatment of domestic effluents with a PET support; It was proven that such material is feasible to be implemented as a means of support. The fixed bed system was kept in operation for 150 days, using domestic wastewater as a substrate, and evaluating the efficiency of the reactor by means of water quality parameters. Microbial diversity was assessed by 16S rRNA analysis. The removal efficiencies of Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD) and Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD) were greater than 90% and neutralization of the effluent with alkaline characteristics was achieved. The treatment time was 4 h. We identified 11 corresponding bacterial phylums for biofilm and 8 in suspension, where the main bacterial groups were Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes. Treatment time was reduced by 50% compared to conventional systems. The identification of the Phylum allows us to better understand the complexity of bacterial structures in wastewater and how it intervenes in the efficiency of wastewater treatment processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cyanobacterial blooms in water bodies are a problem of a great concern among the community, because of the production of toxic metabolites, called cyanotoxins. Cyanobacteria are made up of many genera and species, with various mechanisms of intoxication; therefore, they constitute a serious environmental problem with detrimentalrepercussions on the health of living beings and humankind. Additionally, the high production of cyanotoxins associated with the presence of cyanobacteria has increased in extent and frequency throughout the world, which increases the concern of authorities and public service providers. On the other hand, it is important to point out that the conventional processes water treatment facilities are operating with are inefficient for their elimination and/or degradation, since cyanotoxins are soluble in water and persistent. In this regard, applying alternative technologies to traditional purification treatment systems is required to obtain water of quality that is suitable for human consumption. In this work, the use of ultrasound in the treatment of water contaminated with cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins is described, with special emphasis on the influence of the variation of significant parameters that intervene in the efficiency of elimination and inactivation of cyanobacteria, and the degradation of its toxins through the sonication process. With this, it is intended to position low-frequency ultrasound as an advanced technology that allows controlling the alteration of cyanobacteria and their toxins and avoiding the reduction of the quality of the water bodies that will supply the drinking water treatment plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The condition of reducing the negative impact on the environment and especially on natural water sources, caused by industry, justifies that the treatment of industrial water is a process of vital importance within the operating activities of companies, which is why it is proposed as an objective in this research, the use of chitosan as a coagulant and flocculant, to treat industrial water generated in the production processes of paint and glue of a company in the industry, in order to propose an environmentally sustainable industrial water treatment process. The evaluations of indicators related to the treatment of industrial water using chitosan to promote the coagulation and flocculation process allow inferring that the process is successful, and the values obtained for pH, chemical oxygen demand (COD), total dissolved solids (TDS), and total suspended solids (TSS) are suitable for disposal in the internal sewage system. The post-treatment water obtained has pH values between 6.8-7.5, COD reduction of about 85 %, and STD and STS reduction of about 90 %, considerably reducing the negative effects of the various components involved in the company's production processes and making it suitable for disposal into the sewage system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nanotechnology has acquired great importance in disciplines such as physics, electronics, biochemistry, and medicine. A statistical study has analyzed the evolution of publications and citations in nanoscience and nanotechnology worldwide in the last 25 years. China leads scientific production in this field, followed by the United States. A statistical difference has been detected between regions of the world, with Asia being the most productive and Africa and Latin America being the least productive. There is a significant gap between developed and developing nations regarding this topic. Nanotechnology has proven to be an effective solution for macro-level problems, such as water treatment and increasing crop yields. However, it is necessary to conduct thorough studies on the toxicological effects on humans and potential risks. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this research was to evaluate the coagulant power of cassava starch to clarify the water of the Malambo-Atlántico swamp and compare the results with the chemical substance most used for water treatment, aluminum sulfate. The simulation of this process was realized through the jar test, for which two coagulant solutions were prepared at 1% and doses of 10, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 mg/L of each natural and chemical substance were used. The test started with a rapid agitation of 120 rpm for 1 minute, then shook slowly at 30 rpm for 20 minutes; finally the water was allowed to settle for 15 minutes. It was determinate that 20 mg/L of the chemical coagulant reduces the turbidity of the water from 39.1 to 1.80 NTU while 10 mg/L of the natural coagulant decreases it to 11.3 NTU. It was concluded that cassava starch represents a viable option to replace aluminum sulfate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The honey water generated in the wet coffee processing becomes one of the most contaminating byproducts of water sources and soil due to their high organic load, characterized by nutrients such as lipids, enzymes, proteins, sugars, among others. Objective: to evaluate the efficiency of biological processes aimed at reducing COD and BOD in an artisanal system for the treatment of coffee water and its potential use at the end of the process. Materials and methods: an artisanal system for the biological treatment of coffee wastewater was built, consisting of two biofilters inoculated with efficient microorganisms and a green lagoon that includes the use of aquatic plants such as Azolla filiculoides and Pistia stratiotes, the efficiency of the process was measured through the analysis of the variables; pH, total suspended solids, turbidity, BOD and COD, Results: Removal efficiencies of up to 93.4 % for BOD and 94.24 % for COD were achieved, thereby ensuring compliance with the guidelines outlined in Article 9 of Resolution 631 of 2015 concerning the discharge of spent water. Subsequently, the treated spent waters were employed for fertigation, serving as irrigation for oneyear- old King grass plots. A comparison was made with untreated plots. The fertigated plots exhibited a high biomass production (223 %) and maintained the nutritional composition of the grass without impacting soil characteristics. Conclusion: The artisanal treatment system showed high percentages of removal of organic load from the coffee wastewater, enabling its reuse for King grass fertigation with high biomass yields. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Residue recovery approaches are essential to achieving more green production in seafood industry. Chitosan is a biopolymer with multiple purposes in sectors such as agriculture, food industry, cosmetics, water treatment systems, among others. Wastes from the shellfish industry can be employed in the synthesis of chitosan, turn out to be an alternative for waste recovery. One of the alternative uses of chitosan is as precursor for the production of modified bioadsorbents for removing pollutants. In this work, the environmental assessment of the production process on an industrial scale of chitosan microbead modified with magnetite nanoparticles and thiourea was developed for evaluating the possible environmental impacts. The software Aspen Plus® was used for the process simulation, that allows the quantification of mass flows and estimation of properties. The environmental evaluation was done by using the WAste Reduction (WAR) algorithm, through the WAR GUI software. The results showed that the process consumes potential environmental impacts (PEI), obtaining a positive value of 1,870 PEI/h. The categories related to toxicological impacts (HTPI, HTPE, TTP and ATP) presented lower values than the related to atmospheric impacts (GWP, ODP, PCOP and AP), with the greatest contribution being human toxicity by ingestion (HTPI) and toxicity terrestrial potential (TTP), which are associated with the median lethal dose (LD50) of the compounds involved in the process. PEI consumption was determined by using as energetic source natural gas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Antidepressants have become emerging organic contaminants present in various water sources. However, conventional treatment systems are not able to efficiently eliminate these contaminants, which is a great concern in the environmental field. Although it has been proven that it is possible to eliminate a significant percentage of selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants in the laboratory, due to their physicochemical characteristics and their behavior in complex mixtures in bodies of water, it has not yet been possible to eliminate them, showing great persistence, representing a future risk. Objective: To provide an update on the water treatment technologies used to remove selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants from water bodies and their efficiency. Materials and Methods: A search of scientific publications focused on selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressant drugs, their metabolism, physicochemical properties and treatments was carried out. Results and Discussion: Advanced oxidation processes are the main technologies applied to remove selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor antidepressants from bodies of water, however, it was found that the application of new technologies such as gamma radiation, the addition of photocatalysts and a combination of advanced oxidation processes can improve the removal efficiency of these drugs. Conclusions: On a laboratory scale, photodegradation and ozonation techniques appear to be very efficient methods, since they eliminate more than 85% of these drugs and even in some cases 100% of their elimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The production of charcoal in Cuba, in recent years, has been stimulated due to its prices in the international market and the use of invasive plants for its production. Depending on its quality, a possible use is defined, taking into account its chemical composition. Objective: To evaluate the technical feasibility of improving the quality of a marabou charcoal from a physical treatment with water vapor. Materials and Methods: The characterization of a marabou charcoal was carried out, which was crushed in a hammer mill, analyzing the granulometric distribution. The density and chemical composition of the coal are determined without treatment and after carrying out a physical treatment, for two hours, with steam. Results and Discussion: The characterization resulted in the charcoal meeting international quality requirements. In the untreated coal, the moisture content was 6.4 %, volatile 16.3 %, ash 3.8 %, fixed carbon 73.5 % and the caloric value was 28813.5 kJ/kg. In the case of coal with treatment, the volatile content was 12.9 %, ash 3.3 %, fixed carbon 77.1 %, and caloric value 29508.6 kJ/kg. Conclusions: The physical treatment carried out produces a decrease in the volatile matter content and an increase in the fixed carbon content and caloric value, results that support the possibility of using marabou charcoal in the alloy load of welding consumables for welding recharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Foco (Interdisciplinary Studies Journal) is the property of Revista Foco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study presents the performance of a laboratory scale completely mixed aerobic reactor for starch wastewater treatment. The reactor was operated for 119 days, divided into 5 operational phases which included the start-up and the variation of cell-residence time. In order to determine the biokinetic coefficients for starch removal, the cell-residence time was varied between 20 to 4 days, and the system operation was set to a hydraulic retention time of 24 hours with a completely mixed reactor setup. The chemical oxygen demand concentration was 1000mg/L in the inflow of the reactor and dissolved oxygen remained above 2mg/L. In this experimentation time, the parameters such as pH, chemical oxygen demand (in the influent and effluent), dissolved oxygen and mixed liquor suspended solids were monitored. The calculation of biokinetic constants was done by an approximate method, using the graphical Lineweaver-Burk method. The biokinetic coefficients determined were for maximum substrate removal rate(Ko), half saturation rate constant or affinity constant (Km), sludge yield coefficient (Y), and microbial decay or indigenous respiration rate (Ke).The results showed that Y, (Ko) and (Km), were in the range of 0.3- 0.7 mgSSV/mgBOD5, 2- 8 day1 and 40-120 mg/L (COD- BOD5), respectively. Values of the coefficients were within the range of those reported for conventional activated sludge processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Reverse osmosis (RO) is a method for purifying water. Ir separates water from incrustations, through semi-permeable membranes; absorption of scales can cause damage to the membranes, affecting the process. Injecting antifouling removes and inhibits its overproduction. The objective of this scientific article is to learn about antiscalants, using as a method the bibliographic review of previous works that have operated with these, through the analysis of their processes and conclusions, to study how they vary from each other and which one implies better results. Objective: To analyze the most common antifoulings today through a bibliographic review, where compounds that have metaphosphates and polymers as a chemical base are studied. Materials and Methods: The review of 3 original publications that posed as the main topic the use of different antiscalants and their action on the membranes of reverse osmosis equipment was carried out. The reviewed articles were published in the 2018-2021 period, taking into consideration the quality and nature of the publications. Results and Discussion: According to the comparative analysis of the chosen antiscalants, the effect they have with respect to the membranes of reverse osmosis equipment was monitored. To analyze the results, aspects of function, dosage, injection point and conclusions obtained from each one were considered. Conclusions: Compared to phosphinocarboxylic acid and the modified base, sodium hexametaphosphate has shown better results in the industry with respect to reverse osmosis membranes in water purification processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Fuentes, El Reventón Energético is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CienciaUAT is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Tamaulipas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Catalana de Dret Ambiental is the property of Universitat Rovira I Virgili and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The quantification of phytoplankton chlorophyll-a concentration (Chl-a) is a routine determination in limnological, ecological and environmental studies. The aim of this study was to experimentally compare the most frequently used methodologies to determine Chl-a in order to find the most efficient and affordable method for aquatic environments. In three urban water bodies of Ushuaia (Tierra del Fuego, Argentina), we compared 11 methods, in 2 independent essays, which included different sample storage strategies, different solvents, filter cut-off and centrifugation. We observed that the ability to show significant differences in the technique depended on the water body under study. In all cases where significant differences were detected between treatments, hot ethanol (60-70 °C) was the solvent that allowed the best Chl-a extraction. Although the most commonly used method according to our literature survey is the one involving extraction with 90% acetone, the most efficient treatments in our experiment turned out to be those with hot ethanol (with an extraction efficiency between 14 and 98% higher, depending on the treatment and the water body). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study analyzed the effectiveness of banana and plantain (Musa paradisiaca L.) as coagulants-flocculants in the treatment of raw water from the Guatapurí River (Cesar region, Colombia). The experimental design was completely randomized. Coagulating solutions with banana and plantain as organic solute were evaluated to treat raw water with different initial turbidity, analyzing their effect on the elimination of dissolved solids that provide turbidity, electrical conductivity and alkalinity. The results showed a significant turbidity removal up to 86.8% (banana) and 84.1% (plantain) when applying 10 ppm of coagulant for an initial turbidity of 250 NTU. When applying doses of 5, 20, and 75 ppm in water with an initial turbidity of 576 NTU, a significant elimination of turbidity was achieved (banana = 99.3, 98.5 and 98.5%; plantain = 99.3, 98.3 and 98.4%). It is concluded that the coagulating solutions with plantain and banana solutes allowed to eliminate the turbidity of the raw water of the Guatapurí river. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of FACSalud is the property of Revista FACSalud and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This work was conducted at the Plant Large Volume Parenteral Solutions in Plastic Bags (PSPGVBP) belonging to the Pharmaceutical Laboratory East. It is a preliminary study, which includes the study of the effectiveness of nongranular porous media for water treatment. Includes the study of the characteristics of the water supply and the filtration operation in granular media filter. For this equipment does not operate efficiently with respect to the characteristics of water. With the analysis of the turbidity of water at the inlet and outlet of the granular medium filter was determined that this is not the most suitable according to the needs of the process. Therefore substitution by a filter press, which ensures obtain a better water quality and increase the production capacity is proposed. The assays for the study of non-granular porous medium were performed in a handmade device whose operation similar to a filter press. Turbidity values obtained with the device were lower than those obtained from the granular filter, showing that it is more effective for water supply characteristics. In this paper the design of the equipment is not included because the experiments are to be performed in a pilot plant to simulate actual operating conditions so as to obtain a more realistic design of the filter press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Produced water (PW) from the Cuban oil industry is a source of oil and chemicals into the sea. This kind of wastewater is a complex mixture of organic and inorganic compounds. The high salinity, metals and sediment could pose severe environmental impacts upon inadequate disposal. This study is based on the treatment proposal of this kind of wastewater used nature zeolite (N-Z) taking into account the deposits of this material across the island. Results suggest that, significant changes between a doses in terms of the adsorption of organic compounds were not found evaluated by UV-Vis at 295nm, the behavior was for the basic pH of the solution and the textural characteristics of the N-Z such as low surface area of 35 m2/g. Differents doses of N-Z vs. CL were studied, the best to carry out the adsorption process was 0,5 g of zeolite per 50mL of clear liquid (CL)according to the evaluation of the solid phase by ICP-OES(Inductively coupled plasma - optical emission spectrometry) the higher doses increase the compounds that are part of the zeolite structure. On the other hand the evaluation of the liquid phase with the Spectrophotometer at 295nm were no observed significant changes, demonstrating the non-adsorption of organic compounds. At the best doses the selectivity of the zeolite of heavy metal was Zn2+> Fe2+> Cu2+> Mn2+ and the ion exchange occurring by Al2O3 and CaO, also was evaluated by TGA (Thermogravimetry) analysis detecting a small difference in ash content between the virgin and exhausted zeolite that confirm the adsorption of inorganic compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The control of parameters and quality attributes in water systems is a permanent objective to guarantee the quality of pharmaceutical products, such as vaccines. The objective of this work is to control the quality of purified water supplied to the production of the Active Pharmaceutical Ingredient of the Abdala vaccine against the SARS-CoV-2 virus causing Covid 19. The methodology was structured as follows: establishment of sampling points, execution of tests, data processing and evaluation of trends in compliance with quality specifications. The conductivity results were below 1,3 μS/cm, the Total Organic Carbon between 8,16 and 200 μg/L, and the mesophilic aerobic count remained between 0 and 20 cfu/mL, with the absence demonstrated of pathogenic microorganisms, which allowed to ensure that the Purified Water System the supply to Abdala's production, remain with a state of control during monitoring time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In conventional biological wastewater treatments, biological and physical processes co-exist, one as important as the other, on which the purification efficiency depends. Among the latter secondary sedimentation can be mentioned. Malfunctioning of settlers, whatever be the cause, can have a significant impact on the expected efficiency of treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Landfill leachate is an effluent generated by the degradation of solid waste and the percolation of rainwater, which carries organic and inorganic substances, it is characterized as a dark-colored liquid with toxic, dangerous, pathogenic, and other compounds. It has been shown that the use of advanced oxidation processes coupled with biological treatments achieves effluents with low hazards. Despite benefits generate by these combinations, usually, the researcher's goals focus just on the effluent, skipping the environmental impact generated in the construction, start-up, and maintenance of the treatments, resulting in a knowledge gap because there is not enough bibliography of works that develop combination between Scoping and Conesa methodology over coupled treatments used in leachate decontamination, in the environmental impact quantification. Considering the last, in the current manuscript was determined the impacts on the biotic, abiotic, and socioeconomic components, generated for coupling a photocatalytic system with a biological process. The Scoping technique was used as input of the environmental impact quantification through Conesa's methodology. The main result was that environmental impacts produced by leachate leaks, waste generated, and energy consumed are considered as critical in the treatments, and futures researchers working in this field should control, prevent, or mitigate. Finally, the presence of positive impacts of the treatments such as the increase in the availability of water resources due to the effectiveness of the treatment carried out, and compliance with the Sustainable Development Goals is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents the main results obtained from the wastewater behavior analysis in the National Center for Scientific Research Company. For this, the information of the analytical results issued by the accredited Laboratory "Group of Management of Technical Scientific Services-DECA" (according to the NC-ISO/IEC 17025:2017), was collected and analyzed, referring to the characterization of wastewater that are generated in the center, considering a period of 15 years of sustained work. The investigation considered two stages, an initial one in stable conditions of the activities of the institution and a second one, in which new discharges generated from the diversification of the productive processes and their impact on the environment are introduced. In addition, it took into account the legal framework protected by current Cuban regulations on wastewater discharges. The study allowed characterizing the liquid waste, not only from the physical-chemical point of view, but also from its biodegradability, the organic load disposed to the sewage system and its contribution to the community treatment system. In this way, the baseline is identified and established from which the behavior evaluation of discharges originating from the incorporation of new lines of production or services will be maintained, due to the reorganization of the enterprise towards sustainable marketing, with the control of compliance with environmental regulations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of different materials for the adsorption of different types of molecules is well known. However, currently there is a need to use materials of natural origin given their composition, porosity and characteristics such as being renewable, economical and friendly to the environment for the retention of contaminants such as phenols. The objective of this study was to reduce the content of phenolic compounds in wastewater from coffee processing wastewater. To achieve this, the percentage of retention of the phenolic compounds was evaluated on the vegetable sponge, Luffa cylindrica as adsorbent material. The influence of pH, particle size and contact time under experimental design was evaluated in a 23 model. A total phenol retention percentage of 97,8 % at pH 7,0 particle size 850μm and 2 h exposure was achieved. The kinetic behaviour corresponds to a pseudo second order model, and the adsorption of the phenolic compounds-Luffa cylindrica is represented by the Freundlich isotherm. Additionally, it was possible to reduce the value of other pollution parameters such as COD andturbidity. Therefore, treatment with Luffa cylindrica is a valuable alternative for the treatment of water from the processing of coffee [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contextualization: The textile industry makes use of large quantities of water and various chemicals that are part of the different stages of the cloth processing, including painting and finishing. As a result of the use of these chemicals, wastewater from the textile industry has high concentrations of chemical oxygen demand (COD), total organic carbon (TOC), total dissolved solids (TDS) and low biodegradability. Knowledge gap: Currently, the different industries in Colombia have failures in the final disposal of wastewater, since it has been identified that some industries do not comply the regulations that establish the maximum permissible values of some pollutants in their discharges. Specifically, the textile industry consumes large volumes of water and contributes considerably to the pollutant loads in the water bodies, which is why searching for alternatives to improve the treatment of this type of effluent is a matter of particular interest. On the other hand, current techniques for the treatment of these waters require the use of different chemical inputs, so the evaluation of electrocoagulation with graphite electrodes and UV radiation represents an alternative that allows reducing the consumption of inputs and reducing the concentration of pollutants present in these effluents. Purpose: This research aims to evaluate the electrocoagulation process in water treatment, using graphite electrodes and intensified by UV radiation, to determine the percentage of removal of COD, TOC, and TDS in the wastewater of the textile industry. Methodology: Experimental research was carried out to evaluate the technique of electrocoagulation, intensified by radiation from a submersible UV lamp. For methodological development, some physical and chemical parameters were measured before and after each test. A factorial-type experimental design was carried out, with two factors in three levels 32), specifically 9 trials; all of which were performed in triplicate for a total of 27 experiments. The factors or variables selected were the initial pH of the wastewater (6, 7 and 8) and the electric current intensity applied (0.5 A, 1 A, and 1.5 A). The response variables selected were the percentage of removal of COD, TOC, and TDS. After all the trials, the results were evaluated by analysis of variance to determine the effect or influence of each factor on each of the response variables. Results and conclusions: The tests determined that the most favorable experimental conditions for the electrocoagulation process were pH 8 at a electric current intensity of 0.5 amperes. The process has high efficiency in the percentage of removal of COD, TOC, and TDS for each of the tests, which is consistent with the use of inert electrodes that have greater chemical resistance than other electrodes, which facilitates the oxidation and reduction process in conjunction. Besides, the use of UV radiation intensifies the process by giving rise to the formation of ozone and OH* radicals in water, specially having an alkaline pH. These factors combined allow that higher values can be achieved in the removal of various contaminants present in the wastewater of the textile industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to describe a green technology simulation for wastewater treatment in the oxidation lagoon of Espinar, Puno-Peru. The study was conducted in the oxidation lagoon of Espinar, Puno. By means of a random probabilistic selection in April (2022), influents and effluents were sampled for the analysis of water quality where the physicochemical parameters were biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5,20) and chemical oxygen demand (COD). Using the species Shoenoplectus sp. tatora (totora), a green technology simulation was established. The values of BOD5,20 (305.8 mg.L-1) and COD (803.35 mg.L-1) exceeded 30 and 16 units, the maximum permissible limit by the environmental regulation standard. The green technological simulation in the oxidation lagoon of Espinar with the S. tatora sp. species, allows as a sustainable practice, to promote an efficient control in the long-term water treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ingeniería del Agua is the property of Universidad Politecnica de Valencia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Inventum. Ingenieria, Tecnologia e Investigacion is the property of Corporacion Universitaria Minuto de Dios and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research was to propose the most favorable alternative for the treatment of wastewater from the wet processing of coffee that is discharged without treatment to the soil or water. The starting point was the contextualization of the small coffee producer in the municipality of Jericho, Antioquia; the negative environmental affectations that are being caused as a consequence of the inadequate management of the wastewater generated by the coffee processing activity and the review of the technologies used for the treatment of coffee wastewater. The methodology had a qualitative approach with a descriptive scope, through a weighting matrix seven technologies used for the treatment of coffee wastewater were analyzed from an environmental, technical, economic and social point of view. The results show that the most efficient technologies are the Modular Anaerobic Treatment Systems (SMTA), which have good environmental performance, low economic cost, good technical efficiency and no social impact, which, combined with additional treatment such as upflow gravel filters or artificial wetlands, can generate other environmental benefits; the investment by the coffee grower would be approximately 10% of his annual income. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]