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This article exposes allegations of sexual violence from 2015 to 2016 by United Nations peacekeepers during the peace operation of the Central African Republic. The main objective is to highlight accusations of sexual exploitation and abuse and condemn the measures implemented by the United Nations. An attempt is made to answer whether international humanitarian law should judge acts of sexual violence perpetrated by peacekeepers towards civilians in post-conflict zones. The analysis, carried out through bibliographic-documentary research, intends to oppose impunity and reinforce the credibility of peace operations, as well as their personnel as instruments of conflict resolution in the international scenario. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The use of intravitreal antiangiogenic therapy has showed good results in angiogenesis-dependent intraocular diseases. In this small case series study, the biologic effects on physiological angiogenesis and pathological angiogenesis in the retina of patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after treatment of either bevacizumab or ranibizumab, is described. Methods: In this non-comparative, prospective, experimental and interventional case series study, we injected a single dose of either bevacizumab or ranibizumab into the vitreous of 20 eyes of 10 patients with ROP. Patients included in this study were prematures with stage 3, zone I, or posterior zone II with or without plus disease and patients with stage 4 a, any zone. Clinical response and any evidence of ocular toxicities were documented both pre- and post-injection by RetCam retinal images. Results: After one week of intavitreal injection of bevacizumab or ranibizumab, all eyes had significant inhibition of angiogenesis without affecting the development of normal retina vasculature. After six weeks, all eyes showed completed vasculature of the retina without any sign of pathological angiogenesis. We found no differences between bevacizumab and ranibizumab results. Neither local nor systemic adverse effects occurred in 18 eyes, two eyes with ROP stage 4 a, developed a central retinal fibrosis. Conclusions: Intravitreal therapy with bevacizumab or ranibizumab inhibits pathological angiogenesis and allows the developement of normal vasculature of the retina in ROP. This study proves that intravitreal antiangiogenic therapy does not cause inhibition of physiological angiogenesis in the retinal vessels and may suggest that the same could happen in the systemic vasculature process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: The use of intravitreal antiangiogenic therapy has showed good results in angiogenesis-dependent intraocular diseases. In this small case series study, the biologic effects on physiological angiogenesis and pathological angiogenesis in the retina of patients with retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) after treatment of either bevacizumab or ranibizumab, is described. Methods: In this non-comparative, prospective, experimental and interventional case series study, we injected a single dose of either bevacizumab or ranibizumab into the vitreous of 20 eyes of 10 patients with ROP. Patients included in this study were prematures with stage 3, zone I, or posterior zone II with or without plus disease and patients with stage 4 a, any zone. Clinical response and any evidence of ocular toxicities were documented both pre- and post-injection by RetCam retinal images. Results: After one week of intavitreal injection of bevacizumab or ranibizumab, all eyes had significant inhibition of angiogenesis without affecting the development of normal retina vasculature. After six weeks, all eyes showed completed vasculature of the retina without any sign of pathological angiogenesis. We found no differences between bevacizumab and ranibizumab results. Neither local nor systemic adverse effects occurred in 18 eyes, two eyes with ROP stage 4 a, developed a central retinal fibrosis. Conclusions: Intravitreal therapy with bevacizumab or ranibizumab inhibits pathological angiogenesis and allows the developement of normal vasculature of the retina in ROP. This study proves that intravitreal antiangiogenic therapy does not cause inhibition of physiological angiogenesis in the retinal vessels and may suggest that the same could happen in the systemic vasculature process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To determine the importance of fluorescein angiography in planning laser treatment for the clinically significant diabetic macular edema. Methods: Prospective study of 84 eyes of 54 diabetic patients with clinical significant macular edema, each case was documented with stereoscopic color photographs and a corresponding fluorescein angiogram The therapeutic plan was established after analyzing twice every case, the first time based only on the photographs and the second time based on both, the photographs and the angiograms. We compared the ability of the retina specialist to plan laser treatment with and without the use of fluorescein angiography. Results: In 85.7% of cases the ability of the specialist to decide laser treatment after the photograph analysis without the use of fluorescein angiographies was the same compared with the therapeutic plan based upon using the angiograms 14.3% showed small differences between both analyses. Conclusions: Fluorescein angiography improves the accuracy of laser treatment planning for clinically significant macular edema. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]