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The objective of the present research was to empirically analyze the relationship between innovation, entrepreneurship and local development of Salinas de Guaranda, Bolívar province, Ecuador. This study was divided in two parts: first a qualitative analysis carried on through field observations and interviews and secondly a quantitative analysis through the application of a survey, with the aim of developing a simple regression model. The findings show that entrepreneurship contributes significantly to local development, but not so innovation. Aspects such as community organization, solidarity economy, leadership and entrepreneurial culture, are the key factors for the success of entrepreneurship in this town. In conclusion, entrepreneurship has contributed to local development through generating employment to improve the living level of population, based on equity, community participation and solidarity economy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The functional foods are those foods that own some Component physiologically Active (CFA) whose purpose is the one to provide a benefit for the health superior to which they contribute the traditional nutrients that contain. In this work they were developed and they were characterized physico-chemical, microbiological and sensorially three formulations of a pulp with handle that included CFA like oligo-fructose, Vitamin C and Calcium, were compared as well in front of a control pulp that non tape worm CFA. The calcium and vitamin C were introduced to the matrix of the juice in a 20% of the daily reference value (DRV). The formulations varied in the Calcium relation that was 1:1, 2:1 and 3:1, in presentations of 250 g. The Calcium, introduced like fumarate of Calcium, was the component that less solubilized being in a concentration average of 178 mg/l in the 3 formulations, vitamin C and the oligo-fructose remained constant during all the evaluation. The kinetic behavior and the sensorial analysis indicated that there was a change of color of the pulp, the best formulation was elaborated with a relation the 1:1 Calcium oligo-fructose since the judges determined that the aroma and color were similar and the best flavor and the texture with respect to the pulp control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article focuses on the expulsion of Spanish immigrants living and working in Río de Janeiro, Brazil in the early 20th century. It examines the role of the Lei Gordo, a law that repressed labor movements and targeted foreign workers involved with labor strikes in order to deport them. The author analyzes the social conditions of Spanish immigrants in Brazil during this time period, including their living and work environments. He also studies the use of the label indesejáveis, or undesirable, for those Spanish immigrants living in Brazil and the effect this had on their social marginalization.

The article presents a study that identifies puma and jaguar feces through analyzing fecal bile acids, a technique used in monitoring wildlife carnivores in Amboró National Park in Bolivia. The study uses a simple laboratory technique, thin layer chromatography that allows the identification of species by chromatographic determination of intensity, color and presence or absence pattern of fecal bile acids. Result shows that the bile acid pattern for puma was lithocholic, dehydrocholic, deoxycholic, quenodeoxycholic, cholic glycocholic and four non identified bile acids, while the bile acid pattern for jaguar was lithocholic, dehydrocholic, deoxycholic, cholic and glycocholic.

The blackberry is a fruit that is harvested in the Colombian Andes and is very popular with consumers for its intense flavor and its antioxidant properties. This fruit, mostly consumed processed due to its high degree of perishability. The objective of this work was to produce a functional blackberry juice. The juice formulations have blackberry pulp, sucralose, CMC gum, pectinase, sodium citrate, vitamin C and calcium citrate. The addition of calcium and vitamin C was made based on 20% of the recommended daily value (VDR) proposed in Resolution 333 of 2011 of the Ministry of Social Protection (Colombia). The results for the final product were for calcium 112,46 ± 10,877 mg/100 g and vitamin 263,38 ± 6,180 mg/L. A change was registered in the parameters a * and b * on the 18th day of storage. The pH (4,3) and the viscosity (590 cP) remained constant until 18 days of evaluation. In this way, a functional food is produced that can be classified as an excellent source of calcium and vitamin C, despite the degradation of the C showcase by applied thermal treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El frijol común (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) es un cultivo de gran importancia en Cuba, pero se hace necesaria la implementación de estrategias para aumentar sus rendimientos, ya que la producción está muy por debajo de la demanda nacional. La selección de variedades adaptadas al contexto producto juega un rol importante. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el rendimiento, la adaptabilidad entre épocas y la aceptación campesina del nuevo cultivar de frijol de grano rojo 'Odile'. Se realizaron cuatro experimentos en el período comprendido entre septiembre de 2015 y abril de 2017 en dos áreas, Finca "El Mulato" y el área experimental de Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Agrícolas (INCA), donde se incluyeron cinco variedades comerciales. A su vez, en septiembre de 2015, enero de 2016 y noviembre de 2017 se sembró, en parcelas experimentales, el cultivar 'Odile' con otras líneas experimentales y variedades comerciales, para la realización de la selección participativa efectuada por agricultores. Los análisis de varianza del rendimiento y la reacción ante enfermedades, indicaron que el cultivar 'Odile' mostró rendimientos superiores a 2000 kg ha-1 y resistencia a bacteriosis común, BGYMV y roya, así como se identificó interacción entre las épocas de siembra. El análisis AMMI evidenció la estabilidad del rendimiento del cultivar 'Odile' y los análisis de proporciones mostraron que los frijoles de color negro son más aceptados por los agricultores, pero el cultivar 'Odile' mostró elevada aceptación campesina con porcentajes superiores al 96 %. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]