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Holocene paleoclimatic variation in The Cordoba Mountains (Argentina). A contribution to climate reconstruction though silicophytolith analysis from archaeological site El Alto 3. The analysis of silicophytoliths is an increasingly used tool for paleoclimatic reconstructions. However, in Córdoba climatic reconstruction has been performed with other techniques. In this work we aimed to calculate international climatic indices through silicophytoliths, validate these indices with the current vegetation and climate distribution in the Mountains, and present the irst paleoclimatic reconstruction through silicophytoliths for the oldest archaeological site in Cordoba. The international indices were consistent with the patterns of the current vegetation and climate distribution; though the coolness index was more robust and sensitive than the aridity index. Along the analyzed proile the silicophytoliths indicated a cold and humid/wet climate, which is characteristic of a mountain site, but they showed important variation in the coolness and aridity index. The climatic reconstruction was consistent with the previous studies, since it showed a peak of aridity at the beginning of the Holocene, followed by a wetter and warmer climate than the current climate, a subsequent peak of higher aridity and warm was coincident with the presence of the Arecaceae family, and inally it showed a temperature reduction and precipitation increase until the present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]