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Introduction: Human papillomavirus vaccination coverage has not been achieved in the general population. There are factors that interfere with the acceptance of the vaccine by the parents of adolescent girls. Objective: To correlate knowledge of human papillomavirus, knowledge of the vaccine against the virus, and beliefs about the vaccine with vaccine acceptance among parents of adolescent girls aged 9-12 years in Chihuahua, Mexico. Materials and Methods: A descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was conducted with a census sample of 145 parents of girls between the ages of 9 and 12 enrolled in three public elementary schools in an urban area of Chihuahua, Mexico. Results: Knowledge of human papillomavirus was related to vaccine acceptance (p < 0.009), as was knowledge of the human papillomavirus vaccine (p < 0.030). In contrast, beliefs about HPV and the vaccine were not related (p < 0.747). Discussion: The results are consistent with previous literature in that knowledge of the virus and its vaccine is low, but the scores were lower in this study. In contrast, HPV vaccine acceptance tends to be high, as in previous studies. Conclusions: Knowledge about human papillomavirus and the vaccine was associated with parental acceptance of giving it to their daughters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2, vaccination, barriers and rejection of Covid-19 vaccination in the Mexican population. Materials and methods. We used information from household members aged one year and older from the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022) survey from August-November. We estimated the prevalence of antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 N and S proteins in capillary blood samples, reported doses of vaccination to Covid-19 and the reasons for barriers and rejection of vaccination. Results. The prevalence of anti-N antibodies was 94.4% and anti-S, 98.1%. The prevalence of anti-S antibodies was higher in people vaccinated with one, two, or three or more doses than in those who were not vaccinated. Within the population eligible for vaccination, 20.2% had not been vaccinated, 16.2% had one dose, 30% two doses, and 33.6% three or more doses. The 11.2% of the eligible population refused vaccination, 5.5% reported a barrier and 3.2% reported that the vaccine had not reached their locality. Conclusion. The prevalence of antibodies from natural infection and from Covid-19 vaccination is high in Mexico. Variations in refusal and barriers to vaccination between age groups and regions must be taken into account to intensify specific vaccination efforts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe vaccination coverage in 2022 among children and adolescents and to compare it with the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2021 (Ensanut 2021) results. Materials and methods. Analysis of data obtained from the Ensanut 2022. Results. Among children under five, BCG, hepatitis B, pentavalent or hexavalent, pneumococcal, rotavirus, and MMR coverage were (95%IC: 70.8,84.6), 65.1% (95%IC: 58.4,71.2), 69.0% (95%IC: 61.8,75.4), 88.0% (95%IC: 83.0,91.7), 81.6% (95%IC: 75.7,86.2) and 61.8% (95%IC: 55.6,67.6), respectively. At the first and second year of life, 42.6 and 26.6% had received their respective schemes. Estimated coverage for the first dose of MMR was signifi- cantly reduced 72.6% (95%IC: 67.5,77.1) vs. 61.8% (95%IC: 55.6,67.5). In adolescents, the vaccination history against HPV, hepatitis B, tetanus, and RS was 43.7% (95%IC: 39.9,47.6), 31.8% (95%IC: 29.8,34), 38.5% (95%IC: 35.94,41.2) and 32.6% (95%IC: 30.15,35.05). Conclusion. None of the immunogens reached the 90% coverage goal. Coverage for the first dose of MMR decreased in 2022 as compared to 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción. Desde la introducción de la vacuna contra la varicela a Colombia no se ha logrado una cobertura mayor al 90%. El objetivo de este trabajo es identificar las barreras de vacunación contra varicela en niños. Metodología. Estudio descriptivo realizado en la Fundación Salud Bosque; se estudiaron 27 pacientes, 18 hombres (67%) y 9 mujeres (33%), incluyendo menores de 18 años con varicela, y excluyendo pacientes con enfermedades ampollosas distintas a varicela y quemaduras. Se hizo una caracterización demográfica. Para las variables cuantitativas se emplearon promedios y desviación estándar, y para las cualitativas la razón de proporción con Stata V12®. Resultados. La incidencia de varicela fue del 0.2%, solo 9 pacientes (33%) habían recibido la primera dosis de la vacuna, ninguno la segunda dosis. El 92.5% requirió incapacidad; el 89% analgésicos; el 63% antihistamínicos y el 26% antibióticos. Discusión. El estudio realizado demuestra una incidencia significativamente menor en contraste con otras cohortes internacionales. En Colombia no se ha alcanzado la cobertura de la vacunación contra la varicela lograda en Uruguay, Costa Rica, Estados Unidos, Australia, Europa y Taiwán, dadas las mismas barreras en su aplicación, mientras que en África no se ha introducido la vacuna contra la varicela porque existen otras prioridades como la desnutrición, la malaria y la infección por Virus de la Inmunodeficiencia Humana. Conclusiones. La cobertura de la vacunación no se ha logrado por barreras modificables que incrementan la incidencia y carga de la enfermedad por costos debido a incapacidad, manejo farmacológico y ausentismo escolar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To offer a critical assessment of the incumbent Health Minister’s performance at the end of the Ivan Duque administration regarding the management of the pandemic, sexual and reproductive health, and public health in Colombia. Material and methods: Based on the description of challenges faced during this time period, we present evidence regarding performance results which, together with the author’s opinion, offer an assessment of the work done. Conclusions: The Health Minister’s performance in managing the pandemic fell short, in particular as concerns sexual and reproductive health, as well as public health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The decline in vaccination coverage associated with the population's mistrust of vaccines has been defined as a global health threat. Adopting a qualitative approach centered on the social significance of vaccines, we conducted semi-structured interviews with mothers and fathers in the City of Buenos Aires between July and December 2020. We describe and analyze their knowledge and the arguments used to justify their acceptance or reluctance to vaccinate their children in the context of COVID-19. The results show that the studied population possesses knowledge about vaccines and accepts them as a preventive practice. Nonetheless, it was possible to identify a broad spectrum of attitudes towards vaccination, including more reticent positions based on concerns regarding their safety, adverse effects, and the need to apply them for eradicated diseases, proposing vaccination as an optional and complementary practice to other care practices. Arguments are organized under the assumption of individual and moral responsibility for health care, an expression of the current sociocultural and health backdrop. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Invasive meningococcal disease (IMD) is a serious bacterial infection commonly presenting as meningitis or sepsis. Transmitted through the mouth and nose secretions, it has rapidly evolving symptoms that can cause death in 24-48 hours if untreated and may also have devastating consequences, such as loss of limbs, seizures, stroke, as well as impairment of vision, speech, and hearing. Serogroup (Men) B is the pathogen responsible for most of cases of IMD in Europe, America, and Australia. The World Health Organization considers that vaccination is the most effective approach to defeat meningococcal meningitis. For now, there is no single vaccine that protects against all serogroups causing IMD. Conjugate polysaccharide vaccines against MenACWY have been available for years, and only recently two MenB vaccines have been developed. MenACWY vaccination for adolescents aged 12 years is included in the Spanish National Immunization Program and the Spanish Association of Paediatrics suggests the systematic inclusion of the MenB vaccine as well for infants, as it is the most prevalent serogroup in Spain. Pharmacists play an essential role as healthcare agents, advising and dispensing every day to patients who visit the pharmacy. This review provides information that will help pharmacists to answer questions relevant to IMD and prophylaxis with the available vaccines, so that they can explain to parents the importance of booster doses and vaccination schedule completion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Vaccinating population is the most effective method of preventing flu and its consequences although in Spain coverage rates remain low. Our objective is to assess whether community pharmacist intervention can increase vaccination coverage of risk population and to identify factors influencing rates. Material and methods: Pre-post cuasi experimental study including three high risk population groups: aged 65 and above (M), having any risk chronic illness (C) or transmitting patients (T). Coverage was measured before and twice (two vaccination campaigns) after intervention and the effect of different factors on having the vaccine were estimated. Results: 74 patients, 58% women, aged between 33 and 90 were interviewed. Vaccination coverage before intervention: 58%. Rates found by risk group: 69% M, 62% C y 47% T. 31 risk patients with no vaccination history were identified. Global post-intervention vaccination coverage: 74% in 17/18 vaccination campaign and 66% in 18/19. Flu awareness, vaccination in previous seasons and being aged above 65 showed statistically significant effect on vaccination rate. Discussion: Pre-intervention rates were similar to those published for our region and country. Post-intervention rates (74 and 66%) are close to EU and WHO vaccination goals. The higher coverage increase was achieved for C and T groups: this can be relevant in closed communities where hygiene measures are of importance. Conclusions: A simple intervention conducted at our community pharmacy resulted in a significant increase of the flu vaccination rate in several population risk groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The COVID-19 pandemic could have affected vaccination coverage. Objetive: Was to estimate vaccination coverage for the years 2018-2020 and to analyze the social, economic and educational conditions related to this indicator. Material and Methods: Social epidemiological study carried out in the Cusco region with a report of vaccination coverage in the years 2018-2020 for the period January - May and with economic and educational indicators for 2019. Rates of vaccination coverage were estimated (pentavalent, polio, pneumococcal and SPR) as well as inequality variables. Gap metrics were expressed through absolute Kuznets (ika) and relative Kuznets (ikr). Results: Of 112 districts, the vaccination coverage for the 4 vaccines were on average 39%, 38% and 24% for 2018, 2019 and 2020; respectively. Accumulated vaccination coverage is similar between 2018 and 2019 according to educational and economic stratifier, but in all quintiles of 2020 there was a decrease in coverage of approximately 40%. In the years 2019 and 2020 according to schooling, the absolute and relative differences between the extreme quintiles are reversed, with higher coverage in the quintiles with less schooling compared to those with higher schooling. Conclusion: There is a decrease in accumulated vaccination coverage rates for 2020 and they differ according to quintiles of schooling and income, which is attributed to the state of sanitary emergency due to COVID-19. It is critical to monitor recovery vaccination coverage activities to prevent outbreaks of immuno-preventable diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To analyze the validity of the official vaccination figures according to the available information and to identify opportunities for improvement. Materials and methods. We estimated vaccination coverage and dropout rates (for multi-dose vaccines) for one-year-old children, based on public information from the dynamic cubes of the Ministry of Health, for the years 2015 to 2017. Results. We observed variations in the vaccination monthly reports, which indicate low rates of vaccination, as well as high dropout rates when comparing first and third doses applied. For children 1 year of age, the national complete coverage was estimated at 48.9%. Conclusion. There is no reliable information to estimate the actual vaccination coverage. Government documents report a constant overestimation of vaccination coverage that creates a "false sense of security". This has become a barrier for the critical analysis of the Universal Vaccination Program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives. To estimate coverage and determine factors associated with measles vaccination in Peru. Materials and Methods. We conducted a secondary source study using the 2017 Demographic and Family Health Survey (ENDES). The reporting unit was a woman of childbearing age, 15 to 49 years; the unit of analysis was a child, 12 to 59 months (for the first dose), or a child, 18 to 59 months (for the booster dose) who had vaccination information. Coverage data were obtained from the vaccination card. Results. According to the vaccination card, coverage for the first dose was 70.2% (95% CI: 68.8-71.6); for the booster dose, 52% (95% CI: 50.5-53.6). Children aged 24-35 months were more likely to be vaccinated for the first dose (OR 1.59, 95% CI: 1.28-1.97) and booster dose (OR 2.04, 95% CI: 1.62-2.56), compared with children aged 12-23 months and 18-23 months respectively. Children with growth and development check-ups performed in the private sector were less likely to be vaccinated for the first dose (OR 0.30, 95% CI: 0.21-0.43) and booster dose (OR 0.26, 95% CI: 0.17-0.40), compared to those being monitored in the public sector. Conclusions. According to ENDES 2017, Peru and none of its regions achieved 95.0% coverage for the first and booster doses. Growth and development monitoring in public sector facilities is associated with measles vaccination in terms of first and booster doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to determine compliance with hepatitis-B virus (HBV) in newborns in Lima and Callao. A descriptive, cross-sectional, multicenter-design study was conducted in high level public and private hospitals. Information on vaccination corresponds to newborns during one week of 2015 and was obtained through consultations with parents and review of health service reports. The study was conducted in 12 health facilities including 935 mothers and newborns. Vaccination coverage within 24 hours of life was 85.1%, according to the parents' report; and 88.7%, according to the health services' report. It is concluded that the coverage of HBV vaccination in newborns within 24 hours of life was important, but still far from the ideal goals proposed by the Ministry of Health and the World Health Organization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To assess vaccination coverage of children and adolescents. Materials and methods. Study based on National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012. Results. Coverage in <1 year infants olds infants was <70% for 3 vaccines and <50% for 5. In 15-23 months-olds infants coverage was 59.8% for four vaccines and 51% for six. In 6-year-olds coverage was 93.2% for 1 dose of MMR, and was below 50% for three vaccines in adolescents. Proportion of non-vaccinated individuals was 4.7% in <1-year-olds, 0.2% in 15-23-month-olds, 6.8% in 6-year-olds and 37% in adolescents. Coverage for BCG, HB, and Pneumococcal vaccines in <1-year-olds, and MMR in 15-23-month-olds was >80%. No health insurance and maternal or adolescent illiteracy were explanatory variables for incomplete schema. Conclusions. Results suggest it is necessary to strengthen information systems, health promotion, training, and daily vaccination without restrictive schedules, ensuring timely and adequate supply of vaccines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]