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The discussion on producing urban peripheries in Chile has focused on the capital. An understanding of this process is proposed for San Pedro de la Paz, a city in the Metropolitan Area of Concepción in the country's south. The hypothesis is that housing policy has been the most relevant actor in producing peripheral urbanisms. It is a territory where center-periphery relations are hybrid and strongly influenced by the relationship built with the landscape and nature. The methodology combined geographical analysis of land cover and use, documentary and normative analysis, and observation of different social housing complexes built at different times. The results show how the territory has historically been shaped as a peripheral and suburban area, which is consolidated by the action of the State, producing a diffuse space dominated by the values promoted by the middle classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An study of collective action conceived as autonomous participation in a particular area of the urban periphery of Montevideo, Uruguay, it is intended to make visible the political action deployed in the territory, outside of institutional frameworks (partisan, state, union). Four diverse experiences in the Cerro area were studied. The objective was to understand the meaning that these groups build around their actions, their links with state agents and their strategies to build autonomy. A qualitative research was used, through in-depth interviews with the groups and participants' observations. Thematic content analysis and a phase in which the groups were convened to produce a final joint analysis were carried out. The results were analyzed in different axes. The article briefly presents those related to: the nomination of their practices and their conception as political action; horizontal and network dynamics, multiplicity and fluidity in integration; and different links with the State (from the protest as the only link to the search for synergy in actions). In the discussion, the importance of recent redefinitions of the notion of community is pointed out and clues are outlined to rethink terms such as "external agent" and "participation". [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beginning in the 1940s, Havana experienced an accelerated growth, tentacular and anarchic, of its urban perimeter. This expansion was characterized by the abandonment of the nineteenth-century model inherited from square blocks to assimilate a new structuring of its plots with elongated and narrow blocks. However, this process of mutation of the grid has barely had space in the specialized literature of the history of Havana. The model allowed optimizing the land from a homogeneous subdivision, which gave each house direct frontage towards the street and favored its valorization. In order to know what was the impact and meaning of this new way of urban structuring, a historical research was developed, based on the analysis of diverse written and graphic sources, complemented with a field work that allows visualizing its main features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The production of the metropolitan peripheries in Latin America has been characterized by the development of urban, residential and commercial enclaves. These enclaves encompass both large urban housing projects of social interest and subdivisions and gated communities for high-income populations. Both peripheries respond to very different social reasons but have a common spatial logic: the enclave, which deepens the isolation and social distance with its surroundings, generating segregation and fragmentation. We seek to rescue the social and spatial processes of 'enclosing' or 'insularity' in two cases: a gated community in the northeast -- Zona Esmeralda-- and a social housing urban complex in the east --San Buenaventura--, both bordering the metropolitan area of the Mexico Valley. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One factor that has influenced the expansion of the northern and eastern outskirts of the metropolitan area Mexico City is the massive housing development. In this paper is explored the relationship between housing policy and urban management of local governments in the growth of the urban periphery. The central thesis refers to the absence of metropolitan coordination, local governments promote housing construction in order to increase their financial resources, a situation favored by changes in housing policy in a neoliberal context, which generates a supply potential consumer by granting housing loans. From an analysis of data on housing construction, loans granted by public institutions for house purchases and amounts of tax revenue by local governments, the impact of housing policy in the expansion of the metropolitan area is analyzed. As final reflections states that housing supply, not the demand of the population, the factor that determines the location of the housing complexes, and therefore, the recent expansion of the periphery of the metropolitan area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to present the history of the urban growth of San Juan de Girón (Santander) between 1964 and 1985, based on the territorial development that took place in the area surrounding the city. In studying the periphery, it takes account of documentation illustrating development, location and housing projects, thus obtaining a morphological and typological approach to the problem. In addition to this, it undertakes a historical and physical reading of the new territory, which made it possible to break down the old urban schemes that governed both the city and the regional context. This made it possible to establish three exact moments in the configuration of the periphery and to identify the main urban agents that promoted diverse public and private projects as a solution to the demand for housing that arose in that era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Aljarafe region, located west of the city of Seville, presents a traditional landscape characterized by rural features developed throughout history. Mediterranean dry-land farming (grain crops, olives groves and vineyards) has been predominant all along, also with an alternative presence of orchards and citrus fruits. The settlement pattern has been set up through small multinuclear urban centres, numerous but concentrated, inherited from ancient times. Nonetheless, from the middle of the twentieth century onwards, the intensification and increase of urban and regional processes have directly affected the region. Hence, landscape in this region is the result of two constitutive processes that share the same spatial reference but different temporal sceneries: on the one hand, there are long-term processes resulting in a traditional landscape, whereas, on the other hand, recent and accelerated changes in the spatial matrix have entailed a new metropolitan landscape. This paper analyse several demographic, spatial and urban variables in order to explain the levels of relationship and dependence of peripheral sectors in large urban areas such as Seville metropolitan area. Therefore, the article is intended to underline how the identification of the metropolitan reality is the result of an interpretative practice, which is multiple and complex. The interdependence between centres and peripheries consist of a network of links with different intensity levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the growth of large cities, in the urban periphery or the peri-urban areas specifically, it relates to environmental degradation due to urbanization, if it is estimated that since 2008 more than half of the world population living in urban areas, this sector is affected as it presents overcrowding, segregation and deterioration of physical conditions, which will impact on the social aspects within localities. This great urban growth has usually developed with the lack of environmental planning. So it is necessary to include urban development, guidelines towards environmental conservation and rehabilitation of the territory. The future of cities will depend largely on the actions taken now. As urban development inevitably requires planning urban settlements through sustainable development so as to provide alternative technologies, based on the reality of Latin American countries. In the peripheral area of the Metropolitan Zone of Guadalajara (Mexico), is taken as a case study of the town of La Venta del Astillero, which by its nature allows access and functionality to develop a set of criteria and indicators to urban sustainability, which can take as a model for other communities in the urban periphery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article describes the practices and argumentations of women around their way of living in popular residential areas that have proliferated in Tonalá, a municipality in the periphery of Guadalajara, Jalisco. Such practices and argumentations limit the establishment of social relationships and trust networks in their places of residence. In this sense, the current way of living, estimating and fighting for the improvement in the quality of life in their residential environments is very different from the ones their families experienced and how women behaved in previous stages of the urbanization of Guadalajara. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]