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Copyright of Campus Virtuales is the property of Campus Virtuales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista 180 is the property of Revista 180 and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of VLC Arquitectura is the property of VLC Arquitectura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Organizational communication has undergone operational changes over time. Unidirectional and sequential models are obsolete and have increasingly been replaced by more symmetrical and bidirectional models. In this sense, it is important to consider all the audiences involved in communication, understanding that message recipients are increasingly active players, and that their feedback is fundamental. On the other hand, the issue of well-being has been on the agenda of many organizations, as the well-being of organizational actors may be related to their motivation, commitment and performance. Despite this, these two topics have been treated individually, disregarding their possible relationship, and there has also been little investment in the context of higher education. In this research study, we sought to understand the extent to which the two themes intersect, fitting them into the context of higher education. We therefore wanted to understand how the communication offices of higher education institutions (HEIs) have acted in relation to the communication of student assistance. To this end, we carried out a qualitative study, operationalized by conducting 8 semi-structured interviews with 8 heads of communication offices from 8 different higher education institutions. We only took public institutions into consideration, as they were the majority of our sample. To complement this data collection, we also analyzed the websites of the 15 Portuguese Public Polytechnic Institutes. Through the analysis of the interviews, we can generally conclude that, although the role of communication offices is central in this field, communication about social action is still very scarce. The analysis of the interviews shows that it is still difficult to establish a "manual of good practices" in terms of communication, and it is also difficult to establish which channel is the most appropriate, depending on the type of audience. The heads of the communication offices also mention a difficulty in personalizing communication and making it more inclusive. By analyzing the websites, we found that although some institutions already have initiatives on the subject, there is still a need for major investment in this area, and there is also a need for a close relationship between the communications offices and the psychology and student support offices. Of the 15 Polytechnic Institutes analyzed, there were still 2 where there was no promotion or initiative on well-being during the first semester of 2024. We can therefore conclude that there is still a way to go in the communication that takes place between Higher Education Institutions - public relations and organizational communication play a fundamental role here, especially in terms of inclusion, welcome and even academic success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work seeks to analyze the interrelationship between research, teaching, extension and the business environment in a Higher Polytechnic Institute of Benguela, Angola, in order to identify synergies and areas of improvement that strengthen the academic training and projection of the institution. in the environment. A mixed methodological approach was used, with a population of 352 subjects, including students, teachers, managers and representatives of local companies. Those surveyed recognize the lack of teachers with a master's or doctor's degree as one of the weaknesses for good management of university processes, since they are the ones called to promote the generation of new knowledge and its application to the solution of problems in the field. context. The above affects the quality of the teaching, research and extension processes, reducing the credibility of HEIs, reducing the employability of graduates and limiting the dissemination of research results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Concreta is the property of Editorial Concreta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Realidad Economica is the property of Realidad Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper explores the influence of university organization on achievements from business outreach and regional involvement with the aim of providing insight into the effective relationship that should exist between universities and society. This empirical study was carried out with the participation of researchers from 51 accredited universities in Colombia. The research was explanatory in scope and followed a quantitative approach that used covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) to test the hypothesis. The results show that in the proposed university innovation model, the four factors in the university organization variable (strategic leadership, administrative support, university structure, and academic participation) have a positive effect on both regional involvement and business outreach. This study may serve as a basis for future research that includes unaccredited universities and technical or technological institutes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Educational Innovation / Revista Innovación Educativa is the property of Instituto Politecnico Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal Educational Innovation / Revista Innovación Educativa is the property of Instituto Politecnico Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Práxis Educativa is the property of Revista Praxis Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Online Journal Mundo Asia Pacífico is the property of Universidad EAFIT and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The educational model of the National Polytechnic Institute is a way of working in the classroom where learning is centered on the student, and the main objective is to promote autonomous learning in students. Currently, various changes have been experienced in educational institutions because of the situation caused by the Covid-19 pandemic, this has had a forceful impact on the way in which students' study. Self-managed learning is a student's ability to manage the way they learn, using techniques, study habits and technological tools, these are evaluated by the positive assessment they make of their performance and the motivation to learning, everything contributes to developing a decision-making process that helps you face any learning situation, and thus achieve your academic goals. The present investigation was carried out at the Higher School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering of the National Polytechnic Institute to the academic program of Computer Engineering where the techniques and study habits were studied through the Techniques and Study Habits questionnaire, finding areas of opportunity. to improve their school performance. Concluding that, by improving time management, learning strategies for engineering, the student can self-manage their learning and could feel better able to assume their own responsibility to decide what to do and how to learn. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigación Administrativa is the property of ESCA Santo Tomas - IPN and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eutopía: Revista de Desarrollo Económico Territorial is the property of Eutopia: Revista de Desarrollo Economico Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Físicas y Naturales is the property of Academia Colombiana de Ciencias Exactas, Fisicas y Naturales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There are different theoretical models on innovation processes, but little has been studied on the actual practices of researchers in these processes. This paper describes the role played by researchers in the framework of innovation and rural development processes by analyzing tensions between real and ideal practices. Fifteen researchers from the National Institute of Agricultural Technology in the northeastern region of Argentina were interviewed. The results show that models of innovation coexist in the real practices and in the ideal role described by the interviewees. The importance of generating spaces for reflection to rethink their role to enhance innovation processes is highlighted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Higher Technical and Technological Institutes from Ecuador developed their activities under agreements or resolutions issued by the Ministry of Education until mid-2013, currently they are managed by the National Secretariat of Higher Education, Science, Technology and Innovation. The substantive functions oriented towards professional training in these institutions were developed with limitations, especially deficiencies in connection with society and research, this being the main cause for not achieving a positive impact of graduates in society; Therefore, the objective of this work is to expose the particularities of management model for the link with society for the Ismael Pérez Pazmiño Higher Technological Institute, and a strategy for its implementation that coherently articulates the substantive processes. From a socio-critical perspective, theoretical, empirical and statistical methods were applied, qualitative methods gave richness to the information presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To identify entrepreneurial capacity of the National Polytechnic Institute (IPN) through patent registration. Methodological design: Fields of knowledge and academic units involved in patented inventions are identified through indicators of network centrality. Principal component analysis is applied to these indicators to conglomerate and hierarchize the fields and units. Results: The multivariate methods applied in the study prove effective in systematizing and arranging network indicators, which were instrumental in distinguishing the significance and importance of various fields of knowledge and the academic units associated with patenting. These findings yield some some implications related to the entrepreneurial aspect of the IPN (National Polytechnic Institute), which in turn open up avenues of research concerning knowledge transfer and management. Research limitations: The patent is a potential marketable asset; however, from the review of the patent databases, entrepeneurship cannot be directly inferred, although it is one of the relevant indicators of an entrepreneurial university, as it is understood that such universities aim to commercialize the knowledge they generate. Findings: The most relevant fields of knowledge for inventive activity correspond to technologies that, within the academic organization of the IPN, fall under the category of medical-biological sciences, such as pharmaceuticals, biotechnology and health. Patenting activity in these areas is concentrated in relatively few academic units. Conversely, patenting activity in engineering and physical-mathematical sciences is concentrated in fewer fields of knowledge, but involves a more diverse participation among academic units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Signos is the property of Universidad Santo Tomas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Góndola, Enseñanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias is the property of Gondola, Ensenanza y Aprendizaje de las Ciencias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Conexxión is the property of Red Univercom, S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta de la Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola is the property of Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective was to determine the relationship between human talent management and academic productivity at the Cabimas University Institute of Technology. The research was correlational, of comparative type with field design, non-experimental, transversal. The population consisted of 50 subjects assigned to the academic subdirection. The results showed weaknesses in the selection, orientation and performance evaluation processes; failures in the participation strategies, in the commitment to work, as well as in the shared responsibility. It is concluded that the pedagogical practice of the institution's personnel is not very innovative, which is affecting academic productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Historically, higher education is considered one of the main routes of upward social mobility. However, given the plurality of options offered by the education system at this level, there may be a distinctive pattern not only of socioeconomic origin but also of economic results after graduating from a specific higher education institution (hei), which can inhibit the promotion of social mobility through hei. Using data from the Intergenerational Social Mobility Module 2016, this paper analyzes whether the hei in Mexico promote the social mobility of their graduates. The results suggest a potential mediating effect of hei in the intergenerational transmission of wealth. This means that the wealth of the original household is an important determinant of the type of hei from which the respondents graduate, furthermore, the type of hei also explains part of the variation in the wealth of the current household of graduates. Specifically, individuals who reported having completed their university studies at the National Polytechnic Institute (ipn, Mexico) present the lowest intergenerational correlation of wealth, 0.18. In contrast, normal schools and the National Pedagogical University (upn, Mexico) have the highest intergenerational persistence rates, 0.48 and 0.47, respectively. Under these findings, it is argued that the type of hei from which individuals graduate can complement the explanation of the mechanisms of intergenerational persistence of wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work analyzes the performance and confluence of public actors in the process of extension of soy cultivation in the southeast of Buenos Aires since the early 1970s. A qualitative methodology was used with the crossing of quantitative data. In this way, an analysis of the area planted with soybeans and other crops in the area was carried out, to then evaluate the actions of Balcarce Agricultural Station belonging to National Institute of Agricultural Technology. This is how the research process on this topic was characterized and its dissemination to the surrounding rural area, considering in turn the link with private actors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Conexxión is the property of Red Univercom, S.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this research was to study the functions, roles, and competencies of tutors in distance education. Qualitative methodology was employed for a nonexperimental study with a cross-sectional design and a descriptive approach, and a non-probabilistic and heterogeneous sample. The results indicate that tutors' activities are related to their functions and to other participants in tutoring. Five types of roles were identified: administrative, guidance, academic, technological, and social. For each role, a group of competencies was defined: management, feedback, training, technological, and social. The conclusions indicate that the findings are consistent for designing institutional policies for tutoring. The obtained data enrich the knowledge of tutors' competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Formación Universitaria is the property of Centro de Informacion Tecnologica (CIT) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

There is a great deal of criticism of the low relationship between the research processes and the business context in faculties, the management programs, and the poorly positioned business schools. This paper aims at determining relevant topics in administrative sciences by applying the analysis of networks to identify the institutions that handle recurrent topics, those that address specialized topics, and the territories that include research in the administrative field. The study identified the best worldwide and nationwide faculties, management programs, and business schools; and from this selection, we built a relational model of the interactions between institutions and topics by using the network theory. This type of analysis was implemented since it allows a systematic review, and the results become inputs that contribute to subsequent decision making by institutions involved in this field. Among the results, we identified the Columbia Business School, INSEAD Business School, Cornell Business College, Harvard Business School and, finally, the SLOAN School of Management of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology as notable institutional nodes. Finally, the relevant thematic nodes were identified: those that are related to finance, entrepreneurship, globalization, and leadership. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyze the technological and social transfer processes based on the experience of generating an associative brand, which was carried out in an articulated manner between the University, a local municipality, the Institute of Industrial Technology, the Entrepreneurs Club. and with a group of entrepreneurs. Especially, we focus on investigating the dynamics that have allowed its operation; the agreements with other sectors and actors, the relationships established by the university with the requesting entity, the operation of the team; among others. We question ourselves about the complexities of the interaction in the implementation of actions through a wide network of agents and institutions involved that includes different visions and conceptions. To do this, we start from a situated analysis that understands transference as a complex process that is not always built in a fluid and harmonious way, which allows us to conclude with the limitations and potentialities of the experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction-- In recent years, researchers have been evaluating the potential use of a wide range of raw materials in the production of geopolymers. This paper reports the convenience of using a natural puzzolan of pumice type from Paipa (Colombia) as a substitute material for cement (100% puzzolan) in the production of geopolymeric mortars. Objective-- The objective of this research focuses on the use of pumice stone as raw material in the production of geopolymeric cements in order to establish its mechanical behavior and durability. Method-- Type I Portland cement, natural puzzolan and sand were used as starting materials in the preparation of geopolymeric mortars from the alkaline activation of natural puzzolan. The geopolymeric mortars were prepared and tested according to the standards of the Colombian Institute of Technical Standards and the National Institute of Roads. Results-- The tests in geopolymers offer encouraging results and show a good potential in the preparation of cement with puzzolan exhibiting an adequate durability and resistance to relatively high compression at 28 days to be accepted in the development of new cementitious materials. Conclusions-- The use of natural puzzolan in the production of geopolymers becomes important for its role in the durability of the mortar under extreme and aggressive environmental conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents a Spanish-language adaptation of the Self-Concealment Scale (SCS) by Larson and Chastain (1990) and its validation in a Chilean convenience sample. The participants were 193 adults (100 men and 93 women) with a mean age of 28.39 years (SD = 8.75), grouped in 3 subsamples from the Metropolitan Region: 53 college students, 64 students from a technical institute, and 76 professionals and community leaders of a non-profit organization. In order to examine the validity of the Spanish-language version of the SCS, a confirmatory factor analysis was conducted. Results suggest that the Spanish-language version of the SCS has satisfactory psychometric properties, showing high internal consistency (a = 0.85) and acceptable stability over time (r = 0.74). Like the original scale, the validated Spanish-language version proved to be unidimensional and its scores correlated directly with anxious and depressive symptomatology as measured with the Outcome Questionnaire 30.2 (OQ 30.2). These findings support the use of this version of the SCS with Spanish-speaking population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of H-Industria: Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana is the property of H-Industria, Revista de Historia de la Industria Argentina y Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)