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Based in a case study, we seek to understand to what extent a teacher's participation in lesson studies influences her teaching practice. Data collection included participant observation (doing a research journal and audio/video recording), document collection (tasks and lesson plans) and interview. The results suggest that participating in several lesson studies, planning whole-class discussions from the students' answers, influenced the teachers' practice. She proposed a task that allowed students to make connections between representations, as in the lesson studies, and, in the whole-class discussion, she encouraged several students to participate and challenged them to go beyond the task, which she did not do in the lesson studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to identify and understand the mathematics teachers' geometric knowledge, when addressing geometry concepts for students at Middle School. For this purpose, the theoretical tool Knowledge Quartet (KQ) is used to identify and analyze the dimensions of knowledge that are revealed in the actions triggered by two teachers in the classroom. The research context took place in a process of continuing education in geometry, in a group with collaborative characteristics. The data were produced through audio and video recording and later transcribed. Critical events were selected of the investigated environment. In addition to being a theoretical tool that identifies the teacher's mathematical and didactic knowledge in practice, according to the results, the KQ contributed to identify gaps associated with the teacher's difficulties in face of the contingencies that present themselves in the context of geometry teaching. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The construction industry and artificial intelligence are very important topics that, if we merge them, would generate a very important impact in terms of construction, due to the fact that many tasks and work time would be optimized, however, the human capacity for the management of technology must be taken into account. In this paper the objective is to investigate and obtain a systematic understanding of the importance, challenges and solutions in the different phases of construction offered by artificial intelligence, for this purpose a review of 86 duly indexed articles from the last 7 years between 2015 and 2021 was carried out, which are divided as follows: 39 from ScienceDirect, 24 from Scopus and 23 from EBSCO, documents in which they point out the importance of working artificial intelligence and the construction industry, giving good results in terms of progress, safety, quality and performance in the works, so it can be concluded that the technology optimizes time, costs and efforts in construction so implementing it is a potentially viable alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work attempts to analyse intensification published in the Spanish media after Weinstein's case in 2017. Thus, we want to conclude to what extent the Spanish media carried the general indignation or whether, on the contrary, it prefers to adopt a neutral position. To this task, we shall divide the intensifiers into lexical, semantic and stylistics. Also, we shall make a statistical operation of the variance and hypothesis among the three types of intensification and conclude with the reasons of the results offered. In this way, we shall carry out a content analysis. Results show that the lexical and semantic examples follow a relative frequency, while stylistics do not follow a common pattern of frequency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to clarify the fundamental reasons considered by G.E.M. Anscombe to defend the thesis according to which the development of a theory of intentional action is a conceptually prior task to that of ethics or moral philosophy. The clarification of this issue operates in the following stages: 1) The Anscombean thesis concerning the conceptual anteriority of the theory of action with respect to ethics and the systematic material that allows to make it intelligible are discussed. 2) The thesis of conceptual anteriority is interpreted according to the systematic material discussed and, therefore, the specificity with which this thesis is introduced is presented. 3) The way in which Anscombe's theory of action can satisfy the task it has set for itself is also presented as a way of giving an account of the thesis of conceptual anteriority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The intentional correlation between the consciousness and the world is the central theme of phenomenology. Edmund Husserl has attempted to found this correlation by making explicit a previous passive vital course, teleologically oriented towards intentional activities. In this same task, Michel Henry has accentuated the pole of the immanence of correlation, founding the intentionality of consciousness in affective life. For their part, Jean-Luc Marion has emphasized the pole of the transcendence of correlation and has decentered the intentionality of consciousness, attending to the saturation of phenomena. In this work we intend to briefly go through the three paths indicated in search of the original proto-phenomenon of the experience, trying to contrast the proposals and glimpse possible convergences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper proposes the use of a brain-computer interface, which allows measuring the neurosignals of the level of commitment in the performance of the telemarketer when performing the task. The methodology to determine the level of haptic assists consists of 4 steps: first, a teleoperation application is selected, which consisted of remotely moving a robot along a predefined path. In steps two and three, the proposed task is executed with and without haptic assistance. In step 4, the robot's paths are analyzed to determine the areas where the operator required a higher or lower level of assistance. The results show that the user takes a significantly longer time to complete the proposed paths, when the haptic assists are not active. It is concluded that the brain-computer interfaces allow detecting the areas where these aids are more necessary and the areas where they can be reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper aims to clarify the fundamental reasons considered by G.E.M. Anscombe to defend the thesis according to which the development of a theory of intentional action is a conceptually prior task to that of ethics or moral philosophy. The clarification of this issue operates in the following stages: 1) The Anscombean thesis concerning the conceptual anteriority of the theory of action with respect to ethics and the systematic material that allows to make it intelligible are discussed. 2) The thesis of conceptual anteriority is interpreted according to the systematic material discussed and, therefore, the specificity with which this thesis is introduced is presented. 3) The way in which Anscombe's theory of action can satisfy the task it has set for itself is also presented as a way of giving an account of the thesis of conceptual anteriority. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tasks and role of educational psychologists is an important topic, but little researched; even less so with regard to new professionals, who have just entered the labor field. A study carried out in 2020, in the Biobío region in Chile, which analyzes the professional and labor characteristics of 27 new psychologists working in educational establishments, is presented. A questionnaire of working and professional conditions applied in other studies on tasks and functions of the educational psychologist was used. The main results show that, at the labor level, most of them work in PIE programs and in school coexistence, have fixed-term contracts and have space and materials for their work. In the professional aspects, it is observed that a little more than half of them are taking a specialization course, their main tasks are individual and group intervention, and further back, individual diagnosis, while the least performed task is research. At the level of perception of the valuation of their area, a little less than half say that they perform other tasks that are not related to their functions; although 62 % say that their function contributes to the objectives of the establishment, only 17 % say that they can perform their tasks as educational psychologists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perception of intonational contours of a foreign language can pose problems for some non-native learners. An error rarely mentioned in the literature is the confusion of the English nuclear accent H*L-H% (falling-rising contour) with the H*L-L% nuclear accent (falling contour). To investigate the factors that contribute to this error, this study looked into the psycho-acoustic categorisation and pragmatic interpretation of these nuclear pitch accents in two groups of River Plate Spanish speakers; one with previous explicit instruction and the other one without such instruction. Both performed two types of listening tasks. The first task consisted of determining the pragmatic meaning associated with a series of minimal intonational pairs. In the second task, participants had to decide whether the intonational contour was falling or falling-rising. Results showed that, for both groups, the pragmatic meaning-oriented task promoted a better categorization of H*L-L% as an assertion, but hindered the categorization of H*L-H% as a question. In the psychoacoustic task, the group exposed to explicit instruction achieved better categorization of the H*L-H% form as a falling-rising contour, while the group without instruction was less successful. In light of the L2LP model (Escudero, 2005), it is concluded that an L2 intonational form not existent in the L1 is more difficult to learn than an L2 form similar to one existent in the L1; on the other hand, the novel form is more easily processed in the psycho-acoustic listening modality. Additionally, explicit instruction facilitates both psycho-acoustic categorisation and pragmatic interpretation of the nuclear accent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Mexican automotive sector--integrated into the regional value chain of North America, led by the United States--is characterized by performing mainly manufacturing tasks, which limits its value-added contribution. However, this does not imply that the environmental impact resulting from these tasks is proportional to the value it generates. The paper aims to analyze this dual dimension of the Mexican automotive sector, by describing both its productive structure and its environmental impact related to its foreign trade flows. The results reveal uneven participation in the regional value chain depending on whether Mexican value-added exports are considered in monetary or emission terms, which exhibits a greater contribution in terms of emissions than in value compared to the United States. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents one of the most important and updated problems of the English teaching-learning process: to improve written expression in English. To do so, some empirical methods were implemented and they revealed, as a result, the weaknesses that persist in most school institutions regarding the development of this practice. Thus, the research offers a proposal of some learning tasks to improve the students' writing abilities. Some methodological considerations and requirements are also included to structure the proposal, as well as certain didactic reflections for the English written expression development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After about a decade of existence of the Biblioteca Virtual de la Filología Española (BVFE) -a bibliographic directory that compiles the works related to the Spanish language and that are digitized-, in this work, the representation of women linguists within the materials incorporated in it is studied. The objective is twofold: to examine the current situation with regard to the registered authors and the type of works, and to determine the future tasks that should be carried out in this area, for the purpose of advancing in the knowledge of the contribution of women to the history of Hispanic linguistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An educational environmental strategy was implemented for the environmental training of the professionals in the Unit of Protected Crops of Campo Antena, Santiago de Cuba. To the agricultural professionals was applied a diagnosis that made evident limitations in the environmental treatment and affectations in the acting of the agricultural works in the professional tasks. The application of the Educational Strategy spread out actions that permitted the formation-constructions of environmental knowledge and the transformations in the professionals, in a process of environmental formation in agricultural practices, with an inclusive and systematizing character, in order to achieve solutions to the environmental problems originated in the managerial organization. The analysis of the results in the investigation was carried out by means of the pedagogic pre-experiment and the statistical processing with the use of the Software SPSS version 21.0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work is frammed in fhe research project that I lead, Social Ontology and Power. Conceptual, Political, Educational and Cultural Dimensions, 2018-2021. (SECYT). Pedagogy and/or Education Sciences is constituted, epistemically considered and among other axes, by the axiological dimension, so it would be a truism to emphasize the importance that it has in the conformation of its identity. However, it is scarcely pointed out that this same axiological dimension also gravitates decisively, although subterraneously, through another of the crucial components that function within the aforementioned discipline, and that is the one provided by the scientific pole, particularly the social sciences pole. In fact, our task will be to examine the commitment and value, often underestimated, that these sciences imply in the reading of reality and its consequences for pedagogy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, a teaching sequence with experimental activities developed in a subject on laboratory activities of the University Professorship in Physics at the National University of General Sarmiento (UNGS) is presented. In that sequence, a domestic iron was used as a didactic resource to contextualize and problematize content in relation to heat transfer. Working groups were asked to work with tasks that involved different degrees of openness for their resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The debate surrounding the impacts of automation on employment has become increasingly relevant in recent years. However, the growing empirical evidence has been largely focused on developed countries. The purpose of this article is to identify, based on quantitative and qualitative exercises, the relative changes in occupations and types of tasks that could be consistent with an automation process in the Uruguayan retail sector. This is significant because it is a nontradable sector that requires mainly low-skilled workers in a middle-income country. A task content displacement effect is observed, to the detriment of workers with low educational levels and non-routine manual tasks, in favor mostly of cognitive-routine ones. These results are useful for the design of vocational training policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 1954 the Alava's house of cards Heraclio Fournier put on sale an Baraja histórica de Descubridores y Colonizadores de América with illustrations by Ricardo Summers "Serny" and a bilingual explanatory text by Luis Ortiz Muñoz. The choice of this theme for a playful task was justified as an element of propaganda in the cultural context of the Franco's regime, which at the time sought the recovery of its former international prominence in neo-imperial code. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Consumer law has been evolving at an accelerating pace, with a certain hermeneutic task, not entirely consistent, due to the need to comply with the basic principle of consumer protection. Although the consolidated legal solution leads us to declare the relative nullity of the multi-currency clauses, this research paper aims to reflect on whether the teleological and hermeneutic interpretation to reach the current solution is consistent with our legal order. Therefore, we will expose how the legal grounds of classic contractual law are being undermined, specifically: the doctrine of nullity and the principles of conservation of legal business and contractual integration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

All human tasks make sense to the extent that they are linked to a transcendent reality (Eliade, 2001), and communication is not alien to this, which, in addition to being one of ontological characteristics of man, is the only way that allows the religious experience understood as an interaction with the sacred; and just as it happened with primitive man, at present the main drama of postmodern man is situated precisely in the rupture with his religious dimension. The analytical contrast between religion and communication based on Mircea Eliade's studies makes it clear how communication and religion converge in an admirable way, with the same intensity of two waves that embrace on the horizon of existence. Man is an irrevocable religious being insofar as he thirsts for communication, in which he knows that he will find his own fulfillment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To identify the personal and labor factors related to the risk of repetitive movements of the arms of workers. Materials and Methods. A descriptive cross-sectional study of 695 workers in the transport and food sectors. Sociodemographic and labor characteristics were evaluated: sex, age, and educational level, type of company; the working day, the number of hours worked; length of service; the occurrence of work accidents; and absenteeism from work due to a medical disability. The risk of repetitive movements in the upper limbs during work was carried out using the OCRA (Occupational Repetitive Action) Check List method, which allowed the subjects to be categorized into High, Medium, and Low-risk levels. A Multivariate Analysis was performed to obtain the Odd Ratio and its 95% Confidence Interval. Results. There is a greater risk of repetitive movements disorders in the right and left upper limb in people of low socioeconomic status (OR 2,9 95% CI 1,7-4,9), (OR 1,8 95% CI 1,1-3,1); low education (OR 6,2 95% CI 3,2-11,9), (OR 5,1 95% CI 2,7-9,7); and the transport sector (OR 12,5 95% CI 6,2-25,2), (OR 9,1 95% CI 4,8-17,2), respectively. Conclusions. The risk of musculoskeletal disorders presented by the participating workers is high due to the repetitive movements they perform during work tasks. This high risk is explained by factors such as education, socioeconomic status, type of work, and absence from work due to medical reasons. It is necessary to implement interventions such as work breaks, training, and ergonomic counseling for decrease in musculoskeletal disorders derived from repetitive movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

If we deem it pertinent to inquire into the foundation of philosophy, focusing on the study of prima philosophia becomes a task as urgent as it is necessary. In believing so, we will explore two alternatives. On the one hand, we will refer to the position of Ernst Tugendhat and, on the other hand, to that of Karl-Otto Apel. While he suggests that the place of the prima philosophia must be occupied by the philosophy of language, the latter argues that the fundamental question of philosophical anthropology - "what is man?" - is even more basic. In his view, addressing human language implies a further step: to understand it as a fundamental element, we must first ask ourselves about the characteristics that human beings have as such. In the first two parts, we will give an account of both points of view to, finally, conclude that the differences discussed, which prima facie separate them, can be bridged. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The public agencies for research funding adopted regulations for the deposit of publications in open access repositories. In some cases, this goes further and also promote the opening of data obtained during the research process, so that they can be reused by other researchers. This article presents an introduction to the management of open research data and briefly describes the tasks in which the university and scientific libraries of Argentina can be involved, based on the promulgation and regulation of Law 26.899. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The General Job Competencies (GJC), as aspects associated with productivity and competitiveness, seek to train people to undertake life projects that enable them to perform successfully in their work tasks. For this reason, these competencies prepare young people in the responsibility of being productive for themselves and for others; taking into account social, economic, cultural, and technological challenges. This requires the recognition of epistemic and ontological bases for the generation and development of these competencies. This article makes an approach to these bases, explaining the relationships in the face of the new paradigm of complexity, and provides four postulates where it is explained why training at GJC requires a non-mechanistic, reductionist, or fragmented view that allows for an understanding of the training, and for giving new clues to the reduced views of education in the territories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper, of descriptive and qualitative nature, studies the operations and sub-processes of textual planning performed by primary students as well as the techniques they use when writing their drafts. To this end, we analyze the episodes found in the oral interactions of 11 pairs of 5th graders and the drafts they produced in the context of a joint expository-argumentative writing task. Results show that, in general, students focus on the sub-process of the generation of ideas, and, to a lesser extent, on metalinguistic, esthetic and task management aspects. Regarding the techniques, we observe that only six pairs use them and that they represent different levels of complexity. These results, together with the high variability found, evidence the need to practice this process specifically and systematically at this stage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study proposes a didactic unit through tasks addressed to teachers. These tasks are conceived as a supporting point for the teaching of discursive connectors in Spanish as a Foreign Language (SFL) classes of level B1 (threshold) -according to the Common European Framework Reference (CEFR)- or intermediate, through the use of advertising texts referred to tourist destinations in Santiago de Cuba. In this way, it is shown how advantageous it would be for the student, with an intermediate level, to face classes on discursive connectors, which, in general, are planned for advanced levels. In addition, it highlights not only their importance when participating in the construction of the meaning of oral and written discourse in a foreign language (FL), but also the knowledge of numerous pragmatic-cultural aspects, due to the nature of the selected texts. These results are strengthening of communicative competence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work we study the written productions of 25 children of the last course of Early Childhood Education in two autonomous writing tasks, one of them under dictation and another one in which children had also to generate the content of the text. Our aim was to explore the spelling level of children within the group and also across tasks just before the beginning of their compulsory education period, in order to contribute to teachers' professional development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The present research contributes to the current of studies on the biased technological change (Acemoglu, 2002, 2007, 2009), that is to say, the technological development and its effect in the labor market, where the highest productivity of the employees are due to the use of technological innovations and/or existing technologies that are incorporated into the Company, specifically in multinational corporations (MNC). The hypothesis of this work is that, in MNCs there is inefficiency in the assignment of tasks and this leads to assigning employment to people with skills not suitable for their tasks, which obstructs technological progress. The objective is to demonstrate that in the CMN of northwestern Mexico, the technological change is conditioned, where CMN hire personnel with medium and low qualifications to perform abstract tasks. Method: The MNCs assigns tasks (of different technological level) to people who offers different qualifications (schooling years), where the assignment by the MNCs represents an endogenous technological change, and the supply of labor an exogenous change. Data from the ENOE is used, making a descriptive explanation for northwest Mexico, and a conditional Logit regression analysis, which shows both exogenous and endogenous effects in the assignment of people tasks in MNCs both for 2005 and for 2017. Results: The findings show that, there is no correspondence between skills and tasks in the MNCs, which conditions the technological change increasing de demand of low technological jobs. Discussion or Conclusion: It is shown that workers with higher qualifications are equally assigned to manual or abstract tasks, which evidences a problem of asymmetric information, because the MNCs do not have clear information about the qualifications of the workers, they assign them inefficiently to tasks with different technological levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world --as we know it-- is the result of a profound transformation provoked by the globalization phenomenon. Nonetheless, what was initially a strategy for widening the world markets ended up being a much wider integrating process of the societies, that involved political, social and cultural aspects. In this direction, the necessity of a new global interpretation of the Human Rights is made evident. This work engages, then, the topic of how to evaluate the institutional governance thought for a worldwide society. For that, preliminary doctrinal research was undergone to introduce a new regard to the national and international judicial systems for achieving a greater concretion of human rights. The task of consolidating human rights taking globalization into account as a long-lasting fact is more urgent every day. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is an essential task for the studies on philosophical thought in Cuba to reveal the peculiarities of those thinkers who contributed in a significant way to extol the values of national culture and identity. The present article is oriented to reveal the character and the relation of the theoretical and contextual elements that favor the process of epistemological construction of the philosophical thought of Medardo Vitier. The relation between the ontological, the gnoseological and the axiological is identified as the epistemological perspective on which the philosophical thought of the author is based from a cultural determinism. The feasibility of the analysis is considered from the use of an epistemological perspective that sustains the philosophical thought of Medardo Vitier as an expression of the development of Cuban philosophical thought mediated by the philosophy of culture relationship from the establishment of an interpretive model of Cuban philosophical thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

International organizations that direct educational policies in America Latina emphasized that the training of competent professionals committed and Social Development, constitutes an essential mission of contemporary higher education, to reach quality levels in the preparation of young citizens. However, the universities can only fulfill this mission, if the training of these professionals is structured on a scientific basis. Therefore, to promote the formation of research skills in Ecuador constitutes a social necessity, which demands a deepening in the domain of scientific research, from the teaching-learning process. It has allowed considering the study of this situation in the National University of Chimborazo. In this context, it is based on a theoretical support of the foundations raised by Evelio Machado to form research skills: obtain process and communicate information. Through the review of guiding documents, that express this purpose. This research work is descriptive-explanatory. It works from a quantitative and qualitative approach, because both quantitative and qualitative methods and techniques are integrated, elements are joined from a qualitative perspective of interpretative type, which allows to indicate the understanding and interpretation of reality to form research skills in students of the CEI of UNACH, from the Initial Education career in this institution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a review of current research in Requirements Engineering (RE) and identifies the future orientations demanded by the emerging needs of the software. A summary of the state of the art in the research is presented, considered in relation to the technologies developed to address the tasks of Requirements Engineering. This review allows us to identify mature areas of research, as well as those that justify more work. Some strategies to realize and extend the results obtained so far are also reviewed, with the idea of helping to delineate the scope of the direction of future research. Likewise, current and future research topics that are most worked are highlighted, with the aim of addressing the needs of RE for emerging systems of the following era. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of Oriente University the vocabulary teaching in SFL lessons is characterized by an incidental treatment according to spontaneous needs expressed by the students, brought about by a reading or a specific topic. It lacks planning activities that encourage self-learning by the student, thus interfering with the development of lexical competence as feasible route for insertion into the socio-linguistic means chosen to study a foreign language. On this basis, the purpose of this article is to show the peculiarities of the process of teaching and learning vocabulary SFL lessons in situations of cultural immersion, by means of lexical units that facilitate the development of lexical competence, for that purpose strategies of learning are suggested with tasks that allow the student to be self-manager of his learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to measure the level of risk of skeletal muscle work of assembling orders in pallets from the perspective of workers, an exploratory study was conducted. An instrument is designed based on the critical variables of this type of activities that allowed workers from 1 to 5 assess the level of involvement that causes skeletal muscle performance of tasks. The information was processed with factor analysis and identified seven factors explaining 65,6% of the total variance. The results are discussed from the perspective of risk levels reported by research that show the impact of such situations on musculoskeletal health and the most important findings highlight the dimension biomechanical load of volume of orders as the most harmful referred. The study of the reported values points to the need for continuous training of individuals so that the full knowledge of the tasks performed and the risks they entail is guaranteed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the time allocation of school principals and their effects on the performance of their students is a productive research line that has provided interesting educational information to school improvement. This study aims to determine the incidence of time allocation of school principals in the performance of their students, and to identify the factors that influence the distribution. For that purpose, special data mining of the General Diagnostic Primary Assessment held in Spain in 2009. The results show that students in schools whose principals spend more time on educational tasks get significantly better results than those who spend on administrative activities. Also gender, age and specific training for being principal, and the school ownership and size are factors than influence on time allocation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a measure to improve competitiveness in the telecommunications market, currently companies in the sector create new value added services, in order to extend its services portfolio and to ensure either the retention of its customers or increase the number of its subscribers. These new services must rely on business processes defined by the Telecommunications Service Provider, which are composed of operation, management, maintenance and support tasks. Generally, Telco Architects reuse those tasks in order to optimize enterprise resource and to ensure prompt return on investment, amortizing over the shortest possible time the outgoings due to creation and deployment of the new service. The reuse of Telco tasks involves constraints regarding the speed in selection, since usually, there are hundreds of tasks, and it requires the intervention of technical staff to carry out the recovery operations, based on their subjective interpretation of the business process to be implemented. There exist different approaches to automate the resources selection, generally focused on the semantic matching of concepts that describe their access interfaces (inputs and outputs); however, is shown that the application of these techniques omits relevant information contained in other attributes, such as identifiers. For this reason, this paper proposes a mechanism to determine the semantic similarity of tasks that make up telecommunications business processes, considering two perspectives: the inference on the tasks functionality specified in identifiers, and coverage analysis of inputs and outputs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Occupational respiratory disability occurs when the worker is unable to successfully perform work tasks. Impairment refers to loss of function whichmeasurement must be objectively made by the pulmonologist, based on standardized tests to determine the severity of disease and its impact on daily activities. The occupational disability certification must be made by the Qualifying Medical Disability Committee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Work modulation: Worker's adaptation strategies to regulate task and person demands. This research addresses the possible work modulation by the worker. Modulation is understood as an active coping mechanism, and it includes diverse strategies aimed at regulating work demands, guided by subjective matching criteria. Participants were 719 workers from several jobs that completed a questionnaire about their work task and person contents, using a cross-sectional design. In general terms, results support that work modulation tends to be specialized, depends on thresholds, and it is guided by an internal criterion. It is concluded that workers do turn to this mechanism to adapt to their work, whose strategies can be trained with a view to maintaining their employee well-being and preventing health risks at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Through the classification of health care systems in terms of their financing, number of stakeholders and consequences for health care equity, this essay pretends to analyze some of the changes that have taken place in Chile due to the health care reform system "AUGE" (Universal Access to Explicit Guarantees). Pending tasks are examined for conversion to the system that, while maintaining its mixed character, may be able to overcome its present strongly regressive consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]