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Copyright of Huitzil: Journal of Mexican Ornithology / Revue d'Ornithologie Mexicaine is the property of Sociedad para el Estudio y Conservacion de las Aves en Mexico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Interamericana de Psicología is the property of Sociedad Interamericana de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecologia Austral is the property of Asociacion Argentina de Ecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article is a proposal to theoretical and conceptual analysis and reflection about transsexualism as the object of construction of heterogeneous and contrasting representations from different fields: the psycho-medical one, the legal one, the Anthropology, the Philosophy and the feminist and LGBTQI activism; models of signification and perception that materialize into practices and realities that are different regarding inclusion and rights promotion. Based on the perspective of the social determinants of health, that recognizes the linkage between health and gender, the consequences of medicalization and its pathologization of transsexuality are analyzed, as well as its therapeutic offer and the iatrogenic effects related to it in contrast to despathologization perspectives and integrative healthcare approach. The contributions of Anthropology to questioning dichotomies such as sex/gender, nature/culture, normal/pathologic, are taken into account as well as the Medical Anthropology's criticism of the biomedical model for its biological reductionism and the reification of diagnosis categories. To discuss about despathologization involves analyzing the role of classifications and criteria of vision and division as stigmatizing ways but also as social acknowledgement possibilities. Once the violence and suffering resulting from the hierarchical and fixed sex-gender system are make visible, there is no doubt about the value of trans-affirmative therapies as much as the need of an ethical stance in the therapeutic assistance field, and educational and communicational areas in order to promote practices and social ties according to the argentine new legal frame aimed at expanding the scope of human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last decade, scientific literature on early learning has consistently placed mathematics as a fundamental area of development in the early years. Nevertheless, we know very little about the characteristics of mathematics teaching in early childhood education in Chile. The goal of this study was to describe the teaching of mathematics in 14 kindergarten classrooms of different socioeconomic status with regards to the time dedicated to mathematics and the specific contents covered. Our results show that approximately 10% of the daily routine in kindergarten is used for mathematics, and that the topics covered are mostly counting, cardinality and basic operations. Topics related to geometry, problem-solving and mathematical language re scarce and more frequent in high-socioeconomic status classrooms. These results are analyzed in light of recent knowledge about mathematics education in early childhood. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Abanico Veterinario is the property of Sistema Superior Editorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calidad en la Educación is the property of Consejo Nacional de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Calidad en la Educación is the property of Consejo Nacional de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this literature review article of theoretical-conceptual nature, the relationship between representations and practices of nursing professionals regarding patient care in the process of death is analyzed. From a sociological and anthropological point of view and based on the results of published research in the field of collective health and social sciences, the relationship between nursing practices and the representations generated stresses the importance to grasp its logic in the social context it gives rise. Starting to recognize that the process of death committed biological, psychological, ideological, cultural, political and institutional particular issues, the importance of recovering the components of knowledge that have been invisible, to identify the impact argues that on professional practices Nursing generates the attention of the death process of patients assisted in the areas of emergency, as this process has been seen in a positivist way, being analyzed only as a biological fact and not as a social event has cultural significance and influences in the subjectivity of everyone around. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes traditional categories of illness among a rural population in the Northwest of Argentina: their causal explanations, the symptoms by which they are identified and diagnosis is made, therapeutic responses and strategies of prevention, working with information obtained through successive fieldworks (2004-2009). In a context of medical pluralism, where different sources of healthcare are used together (the homemade responses, the attention of medicine men/women within or outside the town, local and from near cities medical services), the choice of medicine men/women was more frequently mentioned by direct association with some illness ("for medicine men/women"): "air", "fright", "evil eye", "opening of the chest", "shingles", "empacho" (stomachache problems and "pata de cabra"(lit. leg of the goat). The choice of medicine men/women is justified by the factor that is evoked into the etiologies of the most of these illness: the "air"; and by the consequent assertion that it don't belong to the sphere of competence of physicians. Taking into account the contribution of trans-regional studies based on wide comparative studies, generalities and local singularities are analyzed, admitting the European inheritance of most of these traditional taxa but not denying the reconfiguration processes which give to each context its particularity. Some perspectives of analysis are questioned, because they maintain a stereotyped view of traditional biomedicine which, reproducing old dichotomies ("natural or supernatural diseases", "empirical or mystical etiologies", "empirical or magical therapeutics"), force the data to enter into classifications that don't allow a more complex interpretation of them. The focal point is the "air" fact, while this term is used by the local inhabitants to refer to a particular disease as well as to a pathogenic factor from various origins and cause of different illnesses. Individual and social uses of this polysemic construction are analyzed, regarding the link that it shows between the psychosocial order and the physical illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the issue of therapeutic efficacy, working with information obtained through interviews, observations and spontaneous conversations shared with the inhabitants of a rural community in the West of the province of Catamarca while successive fieldworks. People, looking for practical solutions to their health problems, use different sources of healthcare together, which often come from antagonistic theoretical models. The choice of the source of healthcare, although influenced by material factors which shape its accessibility, is based on a presumed diagnosis and prior knowledge about treatment results; the way these expectations are fulfilled will affect the level of conformity to the therapeutic. How therapeutic efficacy or failure will be assessed depends on each medical system, and healers and patient may or may not agree on this issue, therefore a ''fluid'' conceptualization of efficacy is required to understand medical pluralism situations. To comprehend various ways of healing and experience calls for breaking away from notions of person and body that, from a standpoint of naive realism, maintain the analytical artificiality of the socio-cultural, psychic and somatic levels on the phenomenological one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Instituto Superior de Correlacion Geologica, Serie Correlacion Geologica is the property of Instituto Superior de Correlacion Geologica (INSUGEO-CONICET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Narrative comprehension is a fundamental ability for children's literacy development that has been largely ignored by researchers and educators, due to the difficulties in understanding and measuring it, particularly in the early ages. The results of a study, whose goal was to construct and validate an instrument to measure narrative comprehension in preschool age children, are presented. Participants were 117 Chilean children aged 3 years and 6 months to 5 years and 1 month. Evidence was found to support the reliability and concurrent validity of the instrument, which is simple and quick to administer and code. The implications of having an instrument to measure narrative comprehension that is adequate for the Chilean preschool population are discussed, as are future studies to improve the instrument. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined time management in 12 kindergarten classrooms from 9 Chilean schools with diverse sources of funding and socioeconomic status (SES). We conducted 33 observations in the 12 classrooms (average duration 197 minutes), and determined the amount of time devoted to different activities. More than half of the time in these classrooms was spent in non-instructional activities such as recess, snack, and managing the children's behavior. Additionally, the distribution of instructional time is not in accordance with current findings regarding the activities that are more fruitful for children's development. These results are independent of the schools' source of funding and SES. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Clínica Psicológica is the property of Fundacion AIGLE and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article, part of the thesis project "Practices and representations about the processes of health and disease in the population of Azampay", analyzes how different health caring spaces are combined and which factors are regarded by the inhabitants of this town when they choose the type of treatment to confront an illness. Azampay is a rural town 50 km away from Belen city with a population of 230. There is a combined use of various therapeutic resources: household responses (remedies that are at hand in every family), the attention of healers within or outside the town, local medical services (the village has a dispensary where two nurses provide care and every 15 days it is attended by a doctor) and public or private medical services of the cities of Belen and Catamarca. I work with the information constructed in interviews (to lay adults and to staff of the different levels of care used by them: informal healers, nurses and doctors), observations and casual conversations with the inhabitants in subsequent fieldworks (2004, 2005, 2006 and 2007). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Thirty two preschool children of lower middle class were administered a set of instruments designed to measure children's causal theories of poverty. Results from this pilot study show that the tasks are adequate and easy to understand and complete for five year old children, and they also provide evidence in support of the existence of an essentialist bias in the process of categorization of the social class of poverty. Children in the sample attributed poverty to internal properties, used the social class to make inferences about other properties of individuals, and believed that poverty is inherited and that it is maintained in spite of growth and development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study describes literacy beliefs and practices in families with different educational levels in Chile. Participants were 188 parents of kindergarten children. Parents filled a questionnaire about their educational level, the frequency with which they engaged in several literacy practices at home, and their beliefs about the development of early literacy. Results show differences as well as similarities with findings from developed countries. Main differences concern the frequency of some literacy practices at home, which are less frequent in Chile than in developed countries, regardless of the family's educational level. Main similarities between these findings and those from developed countries concern the associations between educational level and family literacy variables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The language used by teachers has been found to be closely associated with the oral language of the children in their care. The types of questions that teachers ask and the way they follow-up children's responses constitute initiationresponse-follow-up (IRF) sequences, which are an important aspect of teacher-student verbal exchanges. In preschool, these sequences have been studied mostly in book reading interactions. The present study compares IRF sequences in 2 situations: book reading and play. The sample comprised 10 preschools, purposively selected in the province of Entre Ríos, Argentina. Specifically, the participants were 10 teachers and 300 children. Employing a micro analytical approach, 13 audio recordings of book reading and 16 of corner play were analyzed. To evaluate the differences between the types of questions, responses, and follow-up in the 2 situations, the X2 test was used. In addition, a sequential analysis was performed of the relationship between the type and complexity of the question, of the response, and of the follow-up. Results show that both situations predominantly feature low complexity or literal questions and low-level follow-ups, such as confirmation, evaluation, falsification, and response. Relevantly, the type and complexity of the question asked by the teacher strongly determine the complexity of the children's response. The didactic implications of this study are discussed, specifically regarding teaching practices and teacher education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study presents the evidence of reliability and validity for TADI in a sample of Chilean infants and children with Down syndrome (DS), accordingly to international standards. Forty-eight children with confirmed medical diagnosis of DS and their typical peers were matched by chronological age (M = 4,79, DE = 1,7 years). Children with DS were selected using a non-probabilistic procedure and, children with typical development were randomly selected from ELPI's data base (2013). Data was obtained from Test de Aprendizaje y Desarrollo Infantil (TADI), Wechsler Intelligence Scale, third edition-Chilean version (WISC-IIIv.ch.), Leiter International Performance Scale, socioeconomic questionnaire and a survey about the medical condition. The evidence of reliability was stablished via Cronbach's Alpha, the evidence of validity was based on the analysis of content, internal structure and relation with other variables. Results showed good levels of reliability. The evidence of validity shows the content is adequate to explore development, there are not floor or ceiling effects, the internal structure for the group with DS is different from the one reported in the original test and there is strong relation with the external criteria. The professionals should be careful in the interpretation process and future studies must complete these results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]