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The present work compares the University-Industry-Government interaction of the Southern California aerospace innovation system with that of the North West of England; using the methodology to measure the uncertainty proposed by Leydesdorf, Park and Lengynel (2013). Using information from various sources that prioritize investment funds over patents, Southern California showed greater interactions compared to North West England. The impact that public funds and government policies on the industry, the transformation of academic dynamics, the advancement of the field of research, the development of innovations and the market, indicate that this type of methodologies can help decision-making in developing countries, provided that information sources and their availability improve. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of ZARCH: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies in Architecture & Urbanism is the property of Universidad de Zaragoza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article presents abstracts on agrarian history including transhumance systems in Sweden, the wine market in Spain, and the conversion of ecosystems in lower Southern California.