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Background: In recent years alterations of the sense of smell are taking special interest in the medical community. Although adult patients and the elderly make up the highest percentage, there is a current increase in children in the ORL consultation and other specialties by hyposmia, anosmia or disosmias. The specialized bibliography refers as the most frequent clinical entities that cause olfactory disorders in the pediatric population: rhinosinusitis, adenoids and skull injuries, followed by congenital anosmia, isolated or associated with other anomalies such as Kallmann syndrome. These children may suffer nutritional disturbances and little recognition of the dangers and the pleasures of the environment. Objective: To inform about the different causes of olfactory pathology found in a group of children, through a clinical and olfactometric evaluation. Patients and method: A retrospective study was done with 10 children with various diseases affecting the sense of smell and a control group of 10 healthy children, who were underwent to an ORL and chemosensory clinical evaluation. The olfactometric method CCCRC, modified, was used as well as a brief smell identification test. Results: Group control: 8 children scored normosmia and 2 hyposmia. Group of patients: 2 with chronic rhinosinusitis and anosmia, 2 with amygdalin hypertrophy and adenoid vegetations and hyposmia, 2 with congenital anosmia, 2 idiopathic: one with hyposmia and 1 anosmia, 1 with skull injury and hyposmia and 1 with post viral and hyposmia. Conclusions: The clinical and olfactometric evaluation of pediatric patients resulted in different etiologies of olfactory disorders. The knowledge of them will allow the diagnosis and treatment for a better quality of life of the children evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]