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We performed an analysis of photographs taken from the transit of Jupiter's moon Io in order to obtain two geometric parameters. Two physical parameters are calculated using time of transit and orbital periods. Combining them with triangulations and cinematic models, the principal results obtained are the experimental values of the Io-Jupiter distance and the diameter of Io. Such values were compared with others adopted in the literature, showing good agreement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of different additives on the aerobic stability of sugarcane, preserved as silage in laboratory silos. The dry matter (DM), ethereal extract (EE), mineral matter (MM), crude protein (CP), pH and aerobic stability of the silage treated with urea, NaOH and ground corn, were determined. A completely randomized design, with four repetitions, was used to evaluate the following treatments: sugarcane without additives, sugarcane + 4 % ground corn, sugarcane + 1 % urea, sugarcane + 1% urea + 4 % ground corn, sugarcane + 1 % NaOH, and sugarcane + 1 % NaOH + 4 % ground corn. The silages treated with urea had a higher percentage of EE. In the presence of urea and NaOH, the addition of ground corn significantly increased the CP. The NaOH increased the MM percentage. The DM losses caused by gases were significantly higher in the silages that did not receive chemical additives. There were significant differences in the production of CO2 at different times of exposure to air. It is concluded that the additives improved the chemical characteristics, except the DM content, and reduced the loss by gases in anaerobic fermentation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. The association between psychotic disorders and epilepsy has been controversial. Different subtypes of psychotic disorders in epilepsy patients have been described according to temporal relationship with seizures-postictal (PIP), interictal (IIP) and bimodal (BP) psychoses are described in literature. Objectives. Determine clinical characteristics of patients with refractory partial epilepsy and psychoses and compare the results with a control group of patients with refractory partial epilepsy without psychoses. Methods. A total of 57 patients with refractory partial epilepsy and psychotic disorders (psychotic group [PG]) and 56 patients with refractory partial epilepsy and without psychoses (control group, CG) were evaluated according to DSM-IV criteria and SCID-I. All patients underwent complete neurological, neuroimaging, neuropsychological, and psychiatric assessment. Clinical, demographic and neuroimaging data were compared between patients in CG and PG. Results. In PG 15 patients (26%) had criteria for PIP, 29 patients (51%) for IIP and 13 patients (23%) for BP. Epilepsy time duration and bilateral hippocampal sclerosis were significantly more frequent in patients with psychosis. PG patients had a longer evolution time of epilepsy and greater frequency of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis (p < 0,05). No differences were found between psychoses subtypes. Conclusions. Longer evolution of seizures and the presence of bilateral hippocampal sclerosis may increase propensity to develop psychoses in patients with refractory partial epilepsy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]