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Copyright of Acta Médica Peruana is the property of Colegio Medico del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: the parasellar region or lodge (cavernous sinus of classical anatomists) has attracted the attention of anatomists and surgeons for centuries. Its complex anatomical architecture, as well as its location and content, have led it to be considered a practically unapproachable region. In recent decades, a new interest in the region has resurfaced in view of the technological advances that allow relatively safe approaches to the pathology of this region. Material and methods: 34 laterosellar regions of 17 adult cadavers preserved in formalin and injected with latex were dissected. Dissection of the venous plexuses in the region was performed, analyzing their presence, location, and connections. Results: between 1 and 4 venous plexuses were found in the region. The plexuses found were: posterosuperior, anteroinferior, medial and lateral. The most frequently found were the posterosuperior and anteroinferior plexuses. Most of the cases (28, 82%) presented 3 plexuses. On the tributaries, the anteroinferior plexus receives veins from the orbit; the medial of the pituitary, the posterosuperior of the pituitary and the preceding plexuses, ends up turning into the petrous sinuses and clivus plexus. Discussion: Since the work of Vinko Dolenc, there has been a renewed interest in the anatomy of the cavernous sinus. This region has a complex layout, with relevant anatomical structures. Our findings on the venous plexuses, their arrangement, their tributaries and mouth are similar to those found by other authors. Conclusions: there are 3 laterosellar venous plexuses in most individuals, the posterosuperior and anteroinferior being the two most voluminous and constant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cavernous sinus thrombosis is a vascular disease with an unusual presentation, associated with high morbidity, mortality and neurological sequelae. The most frequent etiological cause are the infectious processes at the head and neck level, being the gateway for different microorganisms that generate an inflammatory response that triggers the thrombotic event. Periodontal disease characterized by gingival inflammation, loss of surrounding connective tissue and eventual exfoliation of the tooth, is associated with the development of systemic diseases due to periodontal pathogens and inflammatory mediators that spread and produce complications due to contiguity such asthrombotic events in the central nervous system. We present the clinical case of a patient who developed a bilateral cavernous sinus thrombosis after undergoing a periodontal procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Sociedad Colombiana de Oftalmología is the property of Sociedad Colombiana de Oftalmologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The pituitary gland, the master gland of the endocrine system, is located in a osteo-dural compartment called pituitary fossa. One of the most frequent pathologies of the pituitary gland are pituitary adenomas. They may have a growth pattern limited to the pituitary fossa or exceed its limits. They are classified according to their size in microadenomas (less than 10 mm) and Macroadenomas (greater than 10 mm). When the latter acquire large volume can be expanded, either the cavernous sinus, the supraselar region or to both. They are classified according to their size in microadenomas (less than 10 mm) and macroadenomas (greater than 10 mm). When they gain a great volume can expand, either the cavernous sinus, the supraselar region or to both. The purpose of this study is to perform an exhaustive study of microsurgical anatomy of the region, with special emphasis on the lateral and superior walls of the pituitary fossa, in search of a predisposing anatomic pattern to the expansive growth of these pituitary lesions to a region or other. Materials and methods: Our investigation consisted in microanatomic dissection of thirty-two (n = 32) cavernous sinus block human cadavers fixed with dilute aqueous solution of 10% formaldehyde, and were finally preserved with 50% alcohol. Seven blocks (fourteen cavernous sinus) were sectioned using a sagittal section the program Surgimap® was used for taking the different measures proposed in the paper. Results: Diaphragma sellae: From the results we propose the following classification based on the real surface of the opening of the diaphragma sellae (SROD). Type A: 0mm2 (18.75%) Type B: 0 - 30mm2 (31.25%) Type C: greater than 30mm2 (50%) Laterall wall of the pituitary cell: From the diaphragma sellae descends a dural membrane enveloping the lateral, anterior, posterior and inferior surface of the pituitary. This is a real dural bag. The lateral portion represents the lateral wall of pituitary fossa. Is a thin, translucent, without continuity solutions membrane that separates the cavernous sinus and the pituitary gland with its capsule. Pituitary capsule: fenestrae were observed in the pituitary capsule in approximately 9% of the samples (3 of 32). Conclusions: The pituitary gland with its capsule are surrounded by a dural bag emerging from the diaphragma sellae. Variations of the diaphragm opening and fenestrae observed in pituitary capsule may explain the patterns of expansive growth of pituitary adenomas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The pathologies of the selar and parasellar regions are a frequent cause of consultation and constitute a diagnostic challenge. Some of the following cranial nerves II, III, IV, V, VI and the internal carotid plexus (postganglionic component nice). In general, they have a signology that compromises more than one of the above mentioned cranial nerves, so that by its topographic classification it corresponds to a multiple mononeuropathy. However, there are at present no detailed descriptions of the relationships that the nervous structures present in this region. Materials and method: The dissection of 9 canine heads of different races was done, the arteries and veins were injected with colored latex to allow their correct identification. The specimens were injected with 15% formaldehyde via common carotid and in the subarachnoid space for a correct fixation of the nervous tissue. The dissection was performed by dorsal removal of the skull cap using a manual lathe, then the cerebral hemispheres were removed to access the study area. The dissection was performed with traditional instruments. Results: We found a close compartmentalization of the dura mater that continues from the diaphragma sellae to the lateral, forming a dorsal compartment, through which the cranial nerves III (in medial) and IV (in lateral) each surrounded by an individual coating of dura mater. The third cranial pair is located in dorsal to the cavernous sinus, while the IV pair makes it dorsal to the dura mater that separates it from the trigeminal nerve, wrapped in a dural fold that is detached from the osseous tentorium cerebelli. The ventral compartment, on the lateral side, includes the maxillary branch of the V cranial pair, closely related to the middle meningeal artery and vein running along of our lateral side. Over the maxillary branch, the ophthalmic branch of the V pair is located, both sharing the dura mater sheath. Medial to these trigeminal branches, there is a thick septum that separates it from the ventral medial compartment of dura mater. In the latter, the VI pair is located laterally, medially related to the internal carotid artery, invaginated within the cavernous sinus. Conclusions: Nervous compartmentalization of the dura mater would explain the different way in which the cranial nerves are affected, depending on where the lesion is located in the parasellar region. The knowledge of the detailed neuroanatomy of the region is extremely important to explain the different clinical signology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tolosa-Hunt syndrome is an uncommon idiopathic granulomatous disorder in pediatric age. It is characterized by affecting the cavernous sinus, compromising cranial nerves III, IV and VI and the first and second branches of the trigeminal nerve. We present the case of an adolescent, 16 years of age, who was diagnosed with Tolosa-Hunt syndrome following infectious disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Cavernous sinus syndrome usually occurs as unilateral ophthalmoplegia and ipsilateral facial pain with involvement of cranial nerves in the parasellar region due to infectious, inflammatory, vascular or primary neoplasms causes. Infrequently, it is also described as an etiology the metastasis of solid tumors involving the cavernous sinus. Case Report: We describe the case of a 46-year-old female diagnosed with breast cancer with clinical Stage IIIA, with 3 weeks frontal headache, left orbital pain and intermittent diplopia. Neurological examination revealed palpebral ptosis, dilated pupil with absence of pupillary reflexes and complete ophthalmoplegia of the left eye, hypoesthesia in frontal region and ipsilateral jaw. The MRI revealed the presence of tumor lesion in the left cavernous sinus. Conclusion: Cavernous sinus syndrome can be a presentation of distant metastases of solid tumors. The particular clinic with ophthalmoparesis and painful headache as in the case presented should prompt this rare manifestation of breast cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Carotid-cavernous fistulae is an abnormal communication between the carotid artery and the cavernous sinus, it can be of spontaneous or traumatic origin and it can be classified in direct or indirect fistulae. Clinical case: Male patient, 62 years old, treated in neurosurgery service of University Hospital in Morón (Ciego de Ávila) with a diagnosis of direct traumatic carotid-cavernous fistulae. The treatment applied includes the intracavernous carotid trapping and vascular sacrifice technique. The results were satisfactory. Exophthalmos fully disappeared, but right amaurosis persist and a slight clinical recovery in left hemiparesis. Conclusions: The trapping and vascular sacrifice technique is a surgical option for selected patients with direct carotid-cavernous fistulae in hospital without endovascular treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Iatreia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introducción: el estudio descriptivo del seno cavernoso y de las estructuras que lo integran, representa un centro de interés al momento de evaluar la posible diseminación de procesos infecciosos de la cavidad oral. El estudio del mismo se lleva a cabo a través de las técnicas de disección anatómicas sobre material cadavérico. Materiales y métodos: Instrumental quirúrgico. Material cadavérico. Cámara fotográfica. Guantes. Barbijo. Gafas protectoras. Mesa de disección. Resultados: al realizar las diferentes disecciones del seno cavernoso nos encontramos con elementos anatómicos que hacen pasaje por el mismo, los cuales siguiendo su trayecto terminan arribando hacia la cavidad orbitaria entre otras regiones. Los planos arribados fueron por endocráneo, quitando el encéfalo para lograr la mejor visión posible y conservación de dichos elementos. Conclusiones: la utilización de las técnicas de disección anatómica nos permite llegar a la conclusión de que el seno cavernoso presenta importantes comunicaciones con regiones vecinas, y que en él se encuentran elementos anatómicos con variadas relaciones entre los mismos. (especialmente la infratemporal con presencia del plexo pterigoideo). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]