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Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To assess the fatty acids composition (FA) in Wagyu beef and its crosses with Angus, Beefmaster, Brangus and Hereford, and to analyze its relationship with genetic markers related to lipid metabolism. Materials and methods. 111 Longissimus dorsi samples were collected and grouped by genetic group. FA were extracted and quantified in a gas-liquid chromatography and DNA markers theoretically associated to FA were typed. Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium and linkage disequilibrium were examined, the effect of crosses and the effect of genotypes were estimated. Results. The crosses did not show substantial differences in FA composition. Nine SNPs showed association with FA composition, and a significant effect was found in the SLC2A4 marker ss62538460 which influenced SFA, MUFA and MUFA/SFA; PLTP ss77832104 and IGF2R ss77831885 markers, influenced C16:0, MYOZ1 ss77832104 on C17:1 and PPARGC1A c.1892+19 on C18:2. In addition, previously described effects of MEF2C ss38329156 and SCD c.878 were supported. Conclusions. These results are first evidence on FA deposition in Wagyu cattle and their crosses, and proposes some loci in candidate genes with the possibility of implementation in assisted selection strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: despite the relationship of resistin with metabolic syndrome (MS), the relationship of the 5'UTR intron C/T variant single nucleotide ploymorphism (SNP) rs7139228 of the RETN gene with the presence of MS has not been evaluated. Objective: the objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of SNP rs7139228 of the RETN gene on circulating resistin levels, as well as on MS in obese subjects. Material and methods: a Caucasian population of 1003 obese subjects was enrolled. An anthropometric evaluation (weight, waist circumference, fat mass), evaluation of nutritional intake, biochemical study (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, insulin, HOMA-IR, resistin) and rs7139228 genotype was carried out. Results: genotype distribution was: 852 subjects with GG (84.9 %), 147 subjects with GA (14.7 %) and 4 subjects with AA (0.4 %). The allelic frequency was G (0.92) and A (0.08). Serum levels of resistin (delta: 1.7 ± 0.2 ng/ml; p = 0.01), insulin (delta: 4.2 ± 0.4 IU/L; p = 0.01) and HOMA-IR (delta: 1.9 ± 0.2 units; p = 0.03) were higher in patients carrying the A allele than in non-carriers. The overall prevalence of MS was 48.1 %. A logistic regression analysis showed a high percentage of hyperglycemia (OR = 1.60, 95 % CI = 1.08-2.96; p = 0.02) and metabolic syndrome (OR = 1.33, 95 % CI = 1.07-3.39, p = 0.02) in carriers of the A allele after adjusting for resistin levels, sex, BMI and age. Conclusions: the A allele of the genetic variant rs7139228 is associated with higher levels of resistin, basal insulin, insulin resistance, and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in obese subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To determine the Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) present in growth hormone (GH) and insulin like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) genes and their association with muscle growth in Colombian Creole hair sheep. Materials and methods. A population of 100 sheep was selected, from three different regions: Andean valleys, Piedemonte Llanero and Córdoba department, subjected to different production systems. Polymorphisms identification was determined by the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Single Chain Conformation Polymorphism (SSCP) techniques. Results. AA, AB and BB genotypes were identified for these genes. Allele frequencies were defined for the GH and IGF-1 (IGFov-1, IGF1ov-2 and IGF1ov-3) markers of 58.9, 36.87, 53.76 and 56.81% for allele A, respectively, and 41.41, 63.13, 46.24 and 43.18% for allele B, respectively. Genotypic frequencies were also determined for each marker at the population level, calculated from the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with a Fis correlation analysis. Conclusion. The selected markers present a high level of homology in the selected population, and it was determined that there is a high percentage of heterozygous individuals based on the markers evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Chinese Journal of Oil Crop Sciences is the property of Oil Crops Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: circadian rhythms influence eating behavior, with the CLOCK gene being one of those responsible for its regulation. The rs3749474T/C of the CLOCK gene has been associated with an increased risk of obesity. Those who carry the T allele have greater weight loss on a diet low in carbohydrates and lipids than those who have the CC form. Methodology: using the 1000 Genomes database, the genotype of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs3749474 was obtained from 2,504 individuals, covering five macro-populations (Africa, East Asia, South Asia, Europe and Latin America) and 26 populations. CT and TT were treated as non-risk genotypes and CC as risk. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the frequencies of risk and non-risk genotypes among the five macro populations. Results: there is a high differentiation for the frequency of genotypes carrying the T allele among the macro-populations: Africa reached only 31.47 %, Europe 56.86 %; Latin America 66.28 %; South Asia 68.3 % and East Asia 81.15 %, with significant differences (pFisher < 0.05) in all comparisons, except between Latin America and South Asia. Low heterogeneity was observed between populations within each macro population. Conclusions: the high heterogeneity for the genotypic frequencies of CLOCK rs3749474 in the studied macro-populations indicates that the decrease in the consumption of carbohydrates and lipids will have a heterogeneous impact, from the epidemiological point of view. This sug)gests including the genetic ancestry in later studies of association between circadian cycles, eating behavior and obesity, in order to develop personalized clinical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses acute liver transplant rejection and its relationship with CYP3A5 and MDR-1 enzyme polymorphisms. It is mentioned that acute rejection in this type of transplant is multifactorial and that polymorphisms in more than one gene are essential in determining the transplant prognosis. The direct association between interleukin-17 G-197A polymorphisms and acute liver transplant rejection is highlighted. Additionally, it is mentioned that microRNAs also have effects on tacrolimus metabolism, which can influence acute transplant rejection. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre is the property of Runa: Archivo para las Ciencias del Hombre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research aimed to determine the morpho-agronomic, grain quality, and molecular differences between 14 rice varieties and their ancestors. These rice varieties from Latin America were tested for 25 variables in a randomized complete block design with 28 genotypes, two planting dates, and three replications. The molecular analysis was done using an array of 96 SNP markers with a high discrimination capacity for Indica rice. A combined statistical analysis was done because there were no statistical differences between the planting dates. Also, molecular, morpho-agronomic, and grain quality data were analyzed together, using the Gower index to generate a similarity matrix. Agronomic and molecular data were analyzed both, together and independently, through the SAS program. Results showed that eight varieties were grouped with their respective ancestor, and one variety was grouped with a sibling of their ancestor and was consistent in all the analyses. However, given the wide heterozygosity found within the varieties, distinctive genetic profiles could not be established; the varieties must be purified to establish their genetic footprint. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Antropo is the property of Antropo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Genetic polymorphisms associated with milk caseins have a great importance since they can be used as genetic markers to improve productive performance in dairy herds. The main goal of the present study was to evaluate the diversity and genetic structure of 5 SNPs of milk caseins, obtained with genomic chip in Holstein cows and bulls from Antioquia (Colombia). 113 Holstein animals were sampled in 3 regions of Antioquia (north, center, and east), and a fourth group of commercial sires. Animals were genotyped with high-density SNP chips (Illumina BovineHD and Illumina SNP50 v2), from which 5 SNPs were identified (ARS-BFGL-NGS-8140, BTA-77380-no-rs, BTA-32346-no-rs, BTB-00821654 and ARS-BFGL-NGS-15809). For each SNP, a genetic analysis was performed by means of an analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) using the GenAIEx 6.501 software. The SNPs with the highest total heterozygosity (HT) were ARS-BFGL-NGS-8140 and BTA-32346-no-rs, with results close to 45%; however, the HT for ARS-BFGL-NGS-15809, BTA-77380-no-rs, and BTB-00821654 were below 15%. The SNP with the highest genetic diversity was BTA-32346-no-rs (Ho-He = 0,06; p < 0,05). In this research a subpopulation of foreign commercial bulls was evaluated, in which similar allelic and genotypic frequencies to those for local subpopulations were obtained, suggesting that the alleles of the bulls are very possibly fixed in these subpopulations, so that the structure and genetic diversity tend to be low in the study sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article from Nutrición Hospitalaria, the statistical association between genetic markers and food addiction in young Turkish women is analyzed. Two single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the DRD2 and TIRAP genes were studied, but no association was found between these SNPs and food addiction. However, an association was found with serum antioxidant capacities and zinc levels. It is recommended to explore other markers within these genes or increase the sample size. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cassava (Manihot esculenta Crantz) is an essential crop in tropical regions providing food for about one billion people around the world. The most important bacterial disease is cassava bacterial blight (CBB) caused by Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. manihotis (Xam). Recently, a resistance gene called RXAM1 was identified, which codes for a protein that has an extracellular LRR (Leucine-Rich Repeat) domain and a cytoplasmic STK (Serine Threonine Kinase) domain. RXAM1 colocalizes with a QTL explaining 13% of the resistance to the CIO136 strain of Xam. In this work, the response to infection with the strain XamCIO136 in ten different varieties of cassava was evaluated, which allowed the classification of the cassava varieties TMS60444, SG10735, MCOL1522, MCOL1505 and MCOL2215 as susceptible, while CM6438-14, CM523-7, and MBRA902 were cataloged as resistant. Also, SNPs (Single Nucleotide Polymorphism) polymorphisms were identified in the RXAM1 gene in the same group of cassava varieties. SG10735, CM6438-14, TMS6044, and MBRA685 presented the highest level of polymorphisms, while the varieties CM523-7, CM2177-2 and MCOL1522 were less polymorphic for this gene. The statistical analyses did not allow to identify a significant association between the phenotype and the identified polymorphisms. This study represents a first effort towards the establishment of associating between allelic variants and the cassava response to bacterial blight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Background: the SNP 3´UTR C/T (rs10401670) of the RETN gene is a polymorphism that has been associated with the presence of type-2 diabetes mellitus in a single work in the literature. Objective: the objective of our study was to evaluate the influence of this resistin gene SNP (rs10401670) on the serum levels of resistin, as well as on the presence of type-2 diabetes mellitus in obese subjects and on insulin resistance. Material and methods: a Caucasian population of 653 obese subjects was analyzed. All subjects underwent an anthropometric evaluation (weight, waist circumference, fat mass), an evaluation of their nutritional intake, a biochemical profile (glucose, insulin, C-reactive protein, lipid profile, insulin, HOMA-IR), and an assessment of the rs10401670 genotype. Determinations were made in the presence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2). A univariate analysis was carried out and a logistic regression was performed with a dichotomy parameter (DM2: yes/no) (SPSS, 17.0, IL, EUA). Results: genotype distribution was as follows: CC, 212 subjects (32.4%); CT, 340 subjects (52.0%); and TT, 101 subjects (15.6%). There were no significant differences between both genotypes in lipid profile, basal glucose, C-reactive protein, anthropometric parameters, nutritional intake, and blood pressure levels. Serum resistin levels (delta: 1.0 ± 0.2 ng/mL; p = 0.02), insulin levels (delta: 1.3 ± 0.1 ng/mL; p = 0.02), and HOMA-IR (delta: 1.2 ± 0.2 ng/mL; p = 0.01) were higher in T-allele carriers than non-T-allele carriers. The overall prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus (DM2) in the sample was 21.8%. With respect to the rs10401670 polymorphism, 17.9% of subjects with the CC genotype had DM2, and 23.8% of T-allele carriers had DM2. In the logistic regression analysis the T-allele of the SNP rs10401670, adjusted by age, sex, resistin levels, and body weight showed an association with DM2 - OR: 2.27 (95% CI: 1.26-4.09). Conclusions: the T-allele of the rs10401670 genetic variant is associated with higher levels of resistin, basal insulin, and insulin resistance, and a higher prevalence of type-2 diabetes mellitus, in obese subjects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To estimate genetic parameters for weight at eight months of age (W8M), age at first calving (AFC) and first calving interval (FCI) using pedigree and genomic relationship. Materials and methods. Phenotypic data on 481, 3063 and 1098 animals for W8M, AFC and FCI were used, respectively. The genomic information came from a population of 718 genotyped animals with a density chip of 30,106 single nucleotide polymorphism markers (SNP). Univariate and bivariate models were used under the conventional (BLUP) and single step genomic best linear unbiased predictor (ssGBLUP) methodologies. Results. The heritabilities for W8M, AFC and FCI ranged from 0.25 to 0.26, from 0.20 to 0.22 and from 0.04 to 0.08, respectively. The AFC and FCI models under ssGBLUP slightly decreased the error and increased the additive genetic variance, respectively. Conclusions. The inclusion of genomic information slightly increases the accuracy of the genetic estimates in this population. However, a larger amount of genotyped animals and with a higher genetic relationship connectivity would allow breeders to increase the potential of the ssGBLUP methodology in Colombian Simmental cattle. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main genetic factors that influence the muscular performance is the gene that encodes the structural protein α-actinin-3 (ACTN3). The R577X polymorphism (rs1815739) of ACTN3 has been associated with indicators of muscle and physical performance in athletes and general population, but this has been scarcely described in the Latin American and Chilean population. Thus, the aim of the present study was to describe the genotypic frequency and allelic distribution of ACTN3 R577X genotypes in college athletes. A total of 129 unrelated Chilean college athletes representing various sport disciplines (weightlifting, handball, volleyball, rugby, basketball, soccer and futsal) were volunteered for the study. ACTN3 R577X gene polymorphism was analysed by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). For the total sample the genotypes distribution for R577X polymorphism was RR: 34.8% (n=45), RX: 50.4% (n=65), XX: 14.7% (n=19), and the relative frequency of alleles was R: 0,601 and X: 0,399. Moreover, an association was found between genotype distribution (c²= 12.26; 2 df; p=0.002) and allele frequencies (c²= 11.02; 1 df; p=0.0009) with the sex of the participants. However, there were no associations when performing analysis by type of sports. These findings suggest that the R577X polymorphism of the ACTN3 gene is associated with sex in Chilean college athletes. Furthermore, these results describe in an unprecedented manner, the genotypic distribution and allelic frequency of this genetic variant in Chilean population, showing a similar distribution to other studies conducted in populations of athletes in Brazil, Russia, the United States and Turkey. However, it also shows differences with other general and athletes populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the most frequent congenital defects are cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P), with a prevalence of 1:1,000 live births. 70% of CL/P are non-syndromic, which means that they are found as an isolated defect without additional anomalies. They have a complex etiology with both an environmental and genetic component. By the development of human genome sequencing technologies have been identified polymorphic variants that may be associated with the CL/P phenotype and therefore may contribute to the multifactorial etiology of these. This review describes the commonly associated variants and their role in the etiology of CL/P. The SNPs located in the genes IFR6, MSX1, VAX1, PAX9, CHD1, FGF1, GREM1 and WNT3 have been significantly related to the presence of CL/P, and the variants located in the genes APC, GSK3, DVL2, BMP4, ABCA4, BHMT, NTN1, TBX1, EPHA3, FAM49A, MGMT, MMP3, TIMP2 y NOG, although its association with the presence of orofacial fissures has been reported, its relationship with this phenotype is not yet clear. It is important to carry out studies to identify genetic variants that involve specific populations in order to understand the etiology of non-syndromic CL/P. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. The goal of this study was to determine the accuracy and bias of direct genomic values (DGV) using imputed genotypes at medium density in yield- and reproduction-related traits for Holstein cattle from Antioquia, Colombia. Materials and Methods. A total of 31 animals were genotyped with the Illumina BovineLD chip, 64 with Illumina BovineSNP50v2 and 48 with Illumina BovineHD. Two SNP panels (6K and 40K) were imputed to a density of 44K using the FINDHAP.f90 v4 program. The effects of the SNPs were estimated using the Bayes C method, using low-density (6K) genotypes as well as medium-density imputed genotypes (44_imputed). The accuracy and bias of the DGVs were determined by cross-validation. The evaluated traits were: milk yield (MY), percentage of protein (PP), percentage of fat (PF), somatic cell score (SCS), calving interval (CI) and open days (OD). Results. When using the 6K panel, the accuracy values for DGV (rpDGV;EBV) in all the studied traits ranged from 0.19 to 0.24, and the bias (bDGV;EBV) from 0.03 to 0.16. In contrast, using the 44K_imputed panel generated higher accuracy values ranging from 0.24 to 0.33 and a bias ranging from 0.03 to 0.26. Conclusions. The accuracy of prediction the DGV was higher with genotypes imputed to medium densities when compared to the accuracy of prediction obtained using low-density genotypes. Therefore, in this study it is concluded that the imputation of genotypes is very useful, because it improves the reliability of the genomic evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermeria Oncologica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Oncologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Acta Universitaria is the property of Universidad de Guanajuato/Acta Universitaria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Pediatría is the property of Revista Chilena de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) type 2 is a common pathology with multifactorial etiology, which exact genetic bases remain unknown. Some studies suggest that single nucleotides polymorphisms (SNPs) in the CAPN10 gene (Locus 2q37.3) could be associated with the development of this disease, including the insertion/deletion polymorphism SNP-19 (2R→3R).Objective: The present study determined the association between the SNP-19 and the risk of developing DM type 2 in Ciudad Juarez population. Methodology: For this study 107 participants were selected: 43 diabetics type 2 (cases) and 64 non diabetics with no family history of DM type 2 in first grade (control). Anthropometric studies were realized as well as lipids, lipoproteins and serum glucose biochemical profiles. The genotypification of SNP-19 was performed using peripheral blood lymphocytes DNA, polymerase chain reactions (PCR), and electrophoretic analysis in agarose gels. Once obtained the genotypic and allelic frequencies, the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium test (GenAlEx 6.4) was also performed. Results: Using the X2 analysis it was identified the genotypic differences between cases and control with higher frequency of the homozygous genotype 3R of SNP-19 in the cases group (0.418) compared to control group (0.265). Also, it was observed an association between genotype 2R/3R with elevated weight, body mass index, and waist and hip circumferences, but only in the diabetic group (P=< 0.05).Conclusion: The findings in this study suggest thatSNP-19 in CAPNIO may participate in the development of DM type 2 in the studied population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obesity is a major health problem around the globe. The statistics of overweight and obesity at early ages have reached alarming levels and placed our country in the first place in regard to childhood obesity. In the development of obesity two major factors take part, one genetic and the other one environmental. From the perspective of environmental changes both overweight and obesity result from the imbalance in the energy balance: people ingest more energy than they expend. Despite people live in the same obesogenic environment not all of them develop obesity; it requires genetic factors for this to happen. This review focuses on the description of the main methodologies to find genetic markers, as well as the main loci in candidate genes, whose single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with obesity and its comorbidities in children, highlighting the association of these genes in the Mexican population. Knowledge of the genetic markers associated with obesity will help to understand the molecular and physiological mechanisms, the genetic background and changes in body mass index in the Mexican population. This information is useful for the planning of new hypotheses in the search for new biomarkers that can be used in a predictive and preventive way, as well as for the development of new therapeutic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

El objetivo fue identificar polimorfismos de un solo nucleótido (SNP) asociados a la fertilidad en hembras bovinas criadas en subtropico. La re-secuenciación de nueve genes relacionados al eje endocrino GH-IGF, localizados en los cromosomas 5, 16 y 20 del bovino, identificó 73 SNP útiles para estudios genéticos asociativos; sin embargo, sólo siete resultaron polimórficos y exclusivos de la raza Romosinuano. Muestras de ADN se extrajeron de 129 vaquillas Romosinuano y usadas para determinar los genotipos correspondientes a cada SNP. Un análisis de modelos mixtos identificó únicamente a un polimorfismo del gen PAPP-A2 (C/T, rs110490898) como predictor (P<0.05) del comportamiento reproductivo. El alelo T fue el más favorable (P<0.05) ya que éste se asoció a una reducción tanto en la edad al primer parto (-37.1 ± 14.4 días), como en la edad al segundo parto (-65.43 ± 30.8 días). En el análisis de contrastes el término lineal resultó significativo (P<0.05), pero no el quadrático, lo cual sugiere un efecto aditivo de los alelos. Los resultados proporcionan evidencia para proponer al gen PAPP-A2, como candidato asociado al comportamiento reproductivo en vaquillas y vacas primerizas de la raza Romosinuano. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Biotecnología is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite all the efforts of more than a decade, the genetic basis of many common and complex diseases are still unknown, without demerit the remarkable progress that has been made with the linkage studies in families and association studies of candidate genes. Re-cently, development of more robust methodologies, like genome-wide associations studies (GWAs), has allowed to replicate previously reported associations and at the same time discovers new possibly associated genes. The GWAs are based on the use of a considerable number of genetic markers like SNPs or STRs which are searched in order to of associate them with the appearance or development of certain diseases. Given the large current impact of the GWAs as genetic tool in the search of associations this is a theoretical review on the design and interpretation of results and contribution of GWAs in asthma and related phenotypes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The genomic era is imparting a new impulse to the study of the role of genetic variation in susceptibility to disease. The most common type of genetic variation between individuals is single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP). The association of SNPs with susceptibility to disease is the current focus of intense research. Recently, the study of SNPs that alter the regulatory mechanisms of gene expression (rSNP) has emerged as a promising field for understanding disease, since this type of variation can have a profound effect on human traits related to susceptibility to disease. The finding and functional characterization of biologically significant rSNPs is advancing our knowledge of genetic determinants for multifactorial disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice is considered one of the most important foods in Colombia and the second cereal worldwide yield. Thus, genetic variability studies are fundamental for breeding programs of plant species. AGROSAVIA has genomic platforms which include state-of-the-art methodologies (large-scale genotyping with array chips) that allows to identify informative SNPs (Single nucleotide polymorphism) at genome wide view in the rice genome, in order to identify those related with varieties differentiation and guarantee the productivity of this genetic resource of great value in the food security and economy of the country. Therefore, the objective of the present study was the identification of commercial rice varieties through SNP molecular markers. The method used consisted of taking the productive information of 88 rice materials in order to carrying out the DNA extraction process, genotyping on a large scale with array chips and further heterozygosity analysis, Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium estimation and principal component analysis for evaluation of the population genetic diversity and the identification of the commercial rice seed baseline of Colombia. It was consolidated a database of the materials present in the country with several SNP panels to identity the commercialized varieties obtaining a base information that serves to future selection processes associated with drought resistance to pests and diseases, development of drought tolerant cultivars or other characteristics of productive interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Genetic evaluations (GE) of commercial species have led to reached an efficient selection of the main economic relevant traits. Despite the great number of QTLs (quantitative trait loci) found in the last years, these have had limited application in formal breeding programs. However, the recent development of high density marker panel (SNP - single nucleotide polymorphism) has allowed the Genomic Selection (GS) application. The objective of this work is to analyze the GS impact in animal breeding and to list the considerations to take into account when genomic projects are developed. The GS allows a potential improvement of the GE mainly by increasing the breeding value accuracy and reducing the generation interval. This specially occurs in traits that are difficult or costly to record, those expressed in only one sex or late in the animal's life. Previous to begin GS projects, is important to define: (1) Target traits, which must be economically relevant and strategic for the specie/breed/country; (2) Reference population for the association studies; (3) The multidisciplinary team; (4) The incoming frequency of new genotypes; and (5) The amount for initial investment. In this process, the phenomics plays a role as a support science for genomics, which will valorize the recording systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]