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Copyright of Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía (REOP) is the property of Revista Espanola de Orientacion y Psicopedagogia (REOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Orientación y Psicopedagogía (REOP) is the property of Revista Espanola de Orientacion y Psicopedagogia (REOP) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, we reflect on the place of indigenous women in the processes of political organisation and rural development of the municipality of Nazareno, located in the inter-Andean Valleys (northwest of the Salta province, Argentina). To achieve this, we present an analysis of these processes from a genealogical and ethnographic perspective, based on two analytical movements: a reexamination of academic antecedents that document multiple programs implemented between 1983 and 2003, and a counterpoint to these readings, with three women's life narratives on these processes, reconstructed within the framework of collaborative ethnographic work. The objective is to analyse the guidelines and practices upon which a discourse around rural women was consolidated, as well as the strategies, appropriations and political demands that the women themselves made of them within the framework of the collective construction of the struggle for the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Opuntia Brava is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Pedagogicas de Las Tunas, Centro de Documentacion e Informacion Pedagogica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the covid-19 pandemic, distance education witnessed a surge in credibility, popularity, and advantages; however, this change disproportionately impacted vulnerable groups: the low-income population, the disabled, indigenous groups and children of migrants. While research in basic education has been conducted, information regarding online learning experiences of female university students is limited, especially in relation to gender. Therefore, the present study surveyed 1 206 female undergraduate students from rural and urban contexts to analyze their experiences in distance classes during confinement. Significant differences were found according to context, with women from urban settings valuing the design of assignments and strategies, and instructional design, while those from rural contexts demanded greater attention from their tutors. In both cases, participants lacked prior experience with online courses and suitable learning environments. In conclusion, these disparities warrant further investigation and targeted measures to bridge the gender gap in distance education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Aposta is the property of Aposta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article presents an anthropological analysis of a series of actions carried out by a group of young indigenous people to confront violence against women in an intercultural university in the central zone of the state of Veracruz, Mexico. Through an ethnographic approach to youth in higher education, who were taking courses in a hybrid modality because it was carried out during the COVID-19 pandemic, we study the impact of learning about gender, feminisms and violence awareness on the organizational experiences of young nahua women from rural communities in the region of the sierra de Zongolica. Mainly, we analyze the disruptive effects that two experiences of violence against women had among the university community to emphasize the recognition of the problem, the emotions that were generated among young people after these episodes and the passage to social organization for the expression of concrete demands. In this process, we document how these young women implemented various strategies to achieve justice on their own terms facing the lack of institutional effectiveness, as well as the creation of networks among women allowing them to rebuild the social ties thath were damaged by the violence they had confronted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The role of women is particularly relevant for the economic and social development in rural areas. The purpose of this study was to identify the situation of eleven women entrepreneurs living in rural areas in the Southern part of the state of Jalisco, with the hope of promoting the entrepreneurship in these regions. For this purpose, two case studies were carried out using different qualitative techniques for data collection: documentary analysis, in-depth interviews and participant observation. The socio-demographic profile, the family situation, the level of education, the strategies for reconciling family and work, the characteristics of the production and/or business, the needs they had as women entrepreneurs, and the skills they had for such work, were the main variables analyzed by a data triangulation. The results show that, despite their poor educational level and low involvement in the labor market, rural women in Southern Jalisco acquired entrepreneurial abilities through observation and family experience. However, they lack other factors necessary to engage in the labor market. They themselves gave the keys to fostering rural women's entrepreneurship in the community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the empowerment and organization of rural women into collectives that generate income and contribute to the improvement of the living conditions in their communities, are necessary actions to achieve sustainable development. In Mexico, these strategies must be included in public policies and be in accordance with the Sustainable Development objectives issued in the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations Organization: gender equality and the end of poverty. In this article experiences of women in rural areas are described, the forms of organization, strategies for labor inclusion and progress in empowerment in the community of Chiquihuitlán, Jalisco. It is a qualitative, descriptive study, with the application of group interviews that allowed interaction with people obtaining important data for analysis and discussion. In the results, experiences, obstacles and challenges overcome are described, the institutional support received and the existing distance between the public policies outlined by the State and the reality perceived through the discourse of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article characterizes the mobility patterns of women and men residing in the first ring of rural development of Cuenca, Ecuador. It focuses on those who engage in economic, educational, and care tasks. Using data from a representative survey applied in the study area, the destinations, modes of transportation, travel times, and other variables associated with their daily trips are described. The results show that the mobility of all groups is characterized by trips to the urban area. However, women who perform paid work and care tasks use public transport more and invest more time in their travels. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of gender roles, occupational ties, and public transportation in rural mobility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The book "Women, Gender, and Nation in the Dictatorship of Miguel Primo de Rivera" compiles research that analyzes the dictatorship of General Primo de Rivera from a gender perspective. Topics such as the crisis of European liberalism, the redefinition of ideals of masculinity and femininity, the education of rural women, anti-feminism, and women's participation in public life are addressed. The book seeks to understand the transformation of Spain during this period and the increasing role of women in society. It highlights anti-feminism and opposition to modern women who did not conform to traditional roles. The educational and cultural control imposed by the regime is also mentioned, as well as the role of the publishing and film industry in redefining the female role. Additionally, the political participation of women is addressed, especially through the Catholic Women's Association. In summary, further research on these topics is encouraged. [Extracted from the article]

The editorial article titled "Agri-food systems and food insecurities" addresses the issue of hunger and food insecurity. According to the FAO, there are around 735 million people suffering from hunger and over 3.1 billion who cannot afford a healthy diet. The article seeks to rethink agri-food systems at a global, regional, national, and local level, and confront the taboo of hunger. Regional analyses are presented on palm oil production in the Magdalena Medio region, peasant pig farming in the Valle del Cauca, and the situation of rural women in Colombia. The fight against hunger by indigenous communities in the Northern Cauca region and the strengthening of mobilization and social participation processes in the municipality of Granada, Antioquia, are also highlighted. [Extracted from the article]

The approach and functioning of capitalist agrifood systems pose a challenge to the achievement of food security and a broader understanding of rural subjects-especially women-and their local forms of production and development. In this context, it is urgent to achieve measures that recognize the role of rural women in guaranteeing the right to food and the establishment of alternative agrifood systems that offer greater guarantees. Thus, the aim of this article is to expose the contradictions inherent in capitalist agrifood systems,the impact they have had on the lives of rural women and the paradox of the role played by women in such systems in relation to food security. To this end, we show the case of the Women's Committee Asociación Campesina (ACIT) de Inzá Tierradentro en Inzá, Cauca, as a successful alternative process in the incorporation of woman as an active subject of change in agrifood-systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shares the first reflections of an agroecology experience carried out by women - rural and urban-from the department of Valle Viejo, Catamarca, who became food producers in the context of the pandemic. The turning point was the arrival of the Rural Women Program in 2020, through which many women joined it, learning how to work the land and new paradigms linked to agroecology; firstly, out of necessity, then as a possible option. As social researchers, we are interested in analyzing that particular spatial and historical experience that does not admit copying from another. In this case, women force us to enrich existing theoretical corpus on agroecology from a situated experience that has little to do with what has already been written. Finally, the contribution that we will share comes from an ongoing research, and it is intended to show the multifactoriality of the space that occupies us, the dialogues emerged and the possibilities of carrying out a collaborative work in the production of new knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agribusiness model involved the expansion of crops and the application of a technological package that has generated the use of millions of liters of agrochemicals, which exposes rural populations to simultaneous or sequenced exposure to products, which seriously affect health and the environment. These externalities are reflected in the bodyterritory of women who inhabit and/or transit rural spaces, and suffer from daily land dispossession, labor exploitation and deterioration of their health as a result of the drift of agrochemicals. In this paper I intend to make visible the struggle of women, teachers, who gave birth to the Federal Network of Teachers for Life in San Andrés de Giles (Buenos Aires province) in 2017; an environmental group that denounces these problems, promotes actions to protect the environment and the rights of students and rural families. The methodology includes the analysis of journalistic sources, fieldwork and the development of semi-structured interviews in the territory of San Andrés de Giles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación Agraria is the property of Investigacion Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arenal.Revista de Historia de las Mujeres is the property of Arenal. Revista de Historia de las Mujeres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Equidad y Desarrollo is the property of Equidad y Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Equidad y Desarrollo is the property of Equidad y Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article titled "Memory that resists: historical memory of a violated territory told by women from the commune of Puerto Octay" is a compilation of stories from women who lived in the commune of Puerto Octay in Chile and were affected by the military dictatorship. These women recount how their lives were peaceful before the coup d'état of 1973, highlighting their dedication to unpaid work and their participation in cooperatives. However, the installation of the military dictatorship brought violence and abuse towards women and their families, including mistreatment, detentions, and evictions. The book invites reflection on the importance of the rural world and the role of women in preserving culture and food. It also raises the need to rethink the Chilean development model and promote associativity and collective entrepreneurship. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Punto Género is the property of Revista Punto Genero and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte is the property of Revista Virtual Universidad Catolica del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Ciencias Sociales, Niñez y Juventud is the property of Centro de Estudiso Avanzados en Ninez y Juventud alaianza Cinde, Universidad de Manizales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gestión y Ambiente is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article analyzes the role of women in rural development policies in Andalusia and England. It examines whether the incorporation of a gender perspective in these policies has been successful in promoting equal opportunities and women's participation in rural areas. The author compares two similar but heterogeneous case studies and concludes that while England has successfully incorporated a gender perspective into its programs, Spain has experienced a resounding failure. The importance of women in the revitalization and sustainability of rural areas is highlighted, and the need to continue working towards gender equality in these spaces is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

The Marcha das Margaridas is a coalition of women and feminism movements, agrarian movements, trade unions, and international organizations that emerged in 2000. Women's organizations that are part of a rural trade federation lead the process. While its initial agenda included gendered class-based demands for the recognition of women's work in food production, access to land titles and labour rights, the Marcha das Margaridas progressively incorporated other topics, such as agroecology and food sovereignty. The article addresses three questions: How did food sovereignty enter their agenda? What is the meaning of food sovereignty for them? How can food sovereignty be understood from a (popular) feminist perspective? Based on an analysis of the political documents, we identified five main themes in the discourse of the Marcha das Margaridas on food sovereignty: 1) food as a right and a common; 2) state support for women's food production; 3) the value of uncommodified food work; 4) environmental recovery through agroecology; 5) violence-free food, produced through respectful social relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the crisis of capitalism and the unequal distribution of its consequences, highlighting the role of Latin America as a supplier of natural resources. Criticisms of the erosion of "worlds of life" and the development of "green capitalism" are mentioned. Alternative proposals from social collectives in different parts of the world are also presented, such as degrowth, sustainability, and post-development. The text addresses the negative impacts of agribusiness on water, biodiversity, human and non-human health, and indigenous peoples and peasants. In addition, resistances and alternatives are analyzed in topics such as seed sovereignty, climate justice, popular agrarian reform, green grabbing, and alternative food networks. The impact of extractivist capitalism on women, sexual diversities, and rural youth is also examined, and case studies in Argentina and Ecuador on the identity construction of young people and territorial transformations are analyzed. The need to work on generational relays, improve educational training, and strategically coordinate to address the issues of rural youth is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this work is to reflect on the convergence between the moderncolonial and the ancestral-indigenist within medicine, the social division of labor and gender violence in Cuetzalan del Progreso (Puebla, Mexico) and its communities from the perspective Latin American Marxism and community and rural feminisms. Methodologically, it is qualitative research that uses the Grounded Theory approach to analyze the case study, through participant observation, documentary review and in-depth semi-structured interviews with members of the Tosepan Pajti Health Cooperative. The results of the study contribute to understanding some aspects of the variegated social formation (heterogeneous, dynamic and contradictory) of that territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. To describe the association between Food Insecurity (FI) and malnutrition in adult women from rural areas of Mexico in 2018 and 2020. Materials and methods. Data of rural women gathered by the 2018 and 2020 National Nutrition and Health Surveys (Ensanut 2018-2020) was used. Weight and Height variables were obtained and body mass index was calculated. Food Insecurity level was determined through the Latin American and Caribbean Food Security Scale (ELCSA). A multiple, ordinal logistic regression model was estimated. Results. Overweight and obesity (OW+Ob) prevalence was 76%. A significant association was found between OW+Ob and moderate FI (OR 1.35, p=0.001). Conclusions. FI is associated with OW+Ob in rural adult women, this is caused by structural and individual factors. Immediate actions are required for deal with this problem at national level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article "Territory, life strategies of rural women, and public policies in the Western Pampean region" is a master's thesis that examines the experiences of rural women in the Western Pampean region and the impact of public policies on their lives. It analyzes state policies that have generated conflicts and inequalities for rural women in terms of access to resources, land tenure, and power relations. The study focuses on the strategies implemented by public policies and their impact on the individual, family, and social contexts of rural women. It highlights the lack of recognition of the productive and citizen role of rural women, as well as the importance of building autonomy and fighting for gender justice in the territory. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Maguaré is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Antropologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Arenal.Revista de Historia de las Mujeres is the property of Arenal. Revista de Historia de las Mujeres and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Orinoquia is the property of Universidad de los Llanos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia 396 is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Instituto de Historia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agroalimentaria is the property of Alejandro Antonio Gutierrez Socorro and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The objective of this article is to carry out a case study of 10 documentaries from Spain and Latin America to show how the reality of women is represented. The methodology of content analysis is used through formal, content and aesthetic variables. These are personal stories of women from low social class, middle age, in rural areas, who denounce injustices related to mistreatment, exploitation or abortion, compared to historical documentaries starring women from high social class who are pioneers in their field. It is concluded that the role of the narrator influences the story, with differences in the production between Spanish and Latin American documentaries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Telos is the property of Revista Telos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Espacios is the property of Talleres de Impresos Oma and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ciencia y Sociedad is the property of Ciencia y Sociedad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Mundo Agrario is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Presbyopia is a normal degenerative process associated with age that affects the visual system making it difficult to sharply focus images in near vision, aspect that can generate a decrease in the productivity of workers who need to perform tasks closely and consequently affect their quality of life. This research aims to synthesize scientific evidence on how uncorrected presbyopia decreases productivity and quality of life of workers over 40. The methodology used was based on a bibliographic search and the report was made meeting the criteria of the prism 2020 declaration; subsequently, the documents were evaluated with the tools of Newcastle Ottawa and RoB 2. Results: 94 % of presbyopia cases have not been corrected globally and presbyopia is expected to increase to about 2.1 billion by 2030. The highest prevalence of presbyopia reported was greater than 70 %, which varied between regions and age groups in participants older than 35 years. Conclusions: Presbyopia generates physiological changes, difficulty in the ability to relate activities such as reading and writing, and affects the quality of life, since it represents a psychosocial risk for people. The estimated productivity loss due to uncorrected presbyopia is estimated at $25 billion per year. The population affected by this problem is mainly women from rural areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research analyzes the relevance of the role of rural women in ensuring proper water chlorination, taking into account an evaluation at the national rural level, as well as the differences between the concentrated and dispersed population centers. Specifically, this study focuses its analysis on those population centers with under 2000 inhabitants that are supplied with water and sewerage services by a rural service provider known as a communal organization in Peru. Based on a review of the literature, it is suggested that the low female participation in these communal organizations is one of the factors contributing to the persistently low rate of water suitable for human consumption. To conduct this study, data were collected from the Diagnóstico sobre el abastecimiento de agua y saneamiento en el ámbito rural - DATASS 2020 of the Ministerio de Vivienda, Construcción y Saneamiento (MVCS) (2020). This report provides information about sanitation services in rural population centers. Furthermore, the hypotheses formulated in this study were validated in the Results section through probabilistic regression analysis, utilizing a water service quality index represented by proper chlorination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]