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The research aimed to evaluate the physical and superficial alterations wood canemaçu (Tetrorchidium rubrivenium) thermally treated, in addition to guiding the timber sector for possible industrial applications of this species. For that were thermally treated the specimens with 25 × 25 × 100 mm (radial × tangential × longitudinal) in an oven with air circulation, under four temperatures: 130 °C (T130), 150 °C (T150), 180 °C (T180) and 210 °C (T210) for a period of three hours, and the control treatment (TC). As physical parameters were evaluated dimensional stability and hygroscopicity. As for the surface tests, we analyzed the colorimetry and roughness. In general, it was found that the thermal treated improved physical properties, the T210 being the most effective. The colorimetric assays showed that wood treated with lower temperatures (T130 and T150) showed a grayish-white color, as the T180 and T210 treatments showed light yellow and dark brown, respectively color. The most severe treatments (T180 and T210) have promoted increased roughness of the wood, leaving it more rough. In this respect, it is recommended the use of wood thermally treated Tetrorchidium rubrivenium for aesthetic purposes as well as environments where there is moisture fluctuation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]