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Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Etnobiología is the property of Etnobiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Biodiversidad is the property of Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Instituto de Biologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Hintonia latiflora is a rare ecologically and economically important species from the Tropical Deciduous Forest of the Balsas Basin, Mexico, whose bark is traded as medicinal. Debarking practices have modified the shape of plants, their architecture and morphometry; but it is unknown if some topographic and edaphic factors may also influence in these attributes. Here we propose that the ecological conditions of this species distribution and harvesting areas, may determine the morphometric characteristics and the individuals variation in their architecture. To test this hypothesis we assessed the relationship of topographic and edaphic factors on the morphological characteristics of saplings (n = 143) and adults (n = 117), in eight harvesting areas of H. latiflora. The harvesting areas, with a surface of 0.6 ha, were selected randomly with the support of participatory mapping elaborated by gatherers of the study site. Data were analyzed using principal components (PCA) and canonical correspondence (CCA) analyses. The first three PC explained 92.1 % of the morphological variation; height, basal diameter, and coverage, explained morphometric differences in both, saplings and adults, in all eight harvesting zones. The terrain slope, slope orientation, soil depth and stoniness, were ecological factors statistically related with morphometric differences. A lower terrain slope, little stoniness, soil depth, slope orientation E-W in saplings (azimuth 90°-270°) and N-S in adults (azimuth 0°-180°) were the factors associated to height, number of basal branches, basal diameter and coverage of H. latiflora. Areas with higher harvesting intensity were composed by monopodic trees and some reiterated basitone individuals; the adults of these areas also had more fruits. At these sites, plants of H.latiflora were more abundant and produced more bark, but the high-intensity of harvesting, changes plant architecture, forming shrubby, multi-stemmed individuals, that originally were mesotone trees. Areas with lower harvesting intensity were characterized by steep slopes, shallow and rocky soils, and were dominated by basitone trees of smaller size, thin and scarce in the area. These sites are the least recommended for harvesting, because they produce less bark per tree, and serve to preserve the species at the site. Based on these results, we can develop restoration programs in areas affected by commercial harvesting, establish forestry plantations in key sites to ensure the establishment and development of individuals with desirable characteristics for bark harvesting and contribute to in situ conservation of H. latiflora in the Alto Balsas Basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jatropha spp. is an important phytogenetic resource used as food, medicine, and biofuel. In this study, we verified the taxonomic identity of Jatropha species for The Biosphere Reserve Tehuacan-Cuicatlan, and the Ecological Land Units (ELU) occupied by them. We assessed the conservation status of their habitats, and the vulnerability of Jatropha spp. populations. A total of 15 sampling sites were selected in the Reserve. The taxonomic work was based on specimens, original descriptions and type material from herbaria and those available on-line. ELUs were classified using biophysical variables, and gvSIG software. Ecological attributes were determined using a quantitative analysis by the point-centered quarter method; disturbance was estimated through site indicators, and the conservation status of the Jatropha populations was assessed using the Method for Evaluation of the Risk of Extinction of Plants in Mexico (MER). Jatropha frequently dominated the physiognomy of plant communities. The current distribution of Jatropha species in the Reserve was mainly determined by elevation, temperature, and precipitation variables. The confirmed species were Jatropha ciliata Sessé ex Cerv., Jatropha neopauciflora Pax, Jatropha oaxacana J. Jiménez Ram. & R. Torres, Jatropha rufescens Brandegee, and Jatropha rzedowskii J. Jiménez Ram., which are distributed in four of the six defined ELU. J. neopauciflora and J. rzedowskii were the most widespread species; this last species concur in four, J. oaxacana in two, while J. rufescens and J. ciliata in one ELU, being the most restricted. The richness of the genera in the associated communities ranged from 16 to 42. The maximum and minimum Importance Value Indexes were observed in San Nicolas Tepoxtitlan for J. neopauciflora (53.75%) and J. rzedowskii (1.50%). The disturbance index varied from 0.22 to 0.82, with an average of 0.51, where the livestock variable had a high contribution. Considering the risk categories of MER, we concluded that J. oaxacana requires special protection, and J. ciliata and J. rufescens were species under extinction risk. The conservation status of the plant communities inhabited by populations of Jatropha spp. was moderate, taking into account the rate of disturbance. The main factors affecting the habitats of Jatropha were livestock and human activities; the floristic composition of the surrounding plant communities has low richness. These results support the urgent need of conservation strategies to avoid the loss of important wild growing species of Jatropha populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Estimating tree biomass is a means to determine the existing amounts of organic carbon in each of the tree components. Studies of biomass for Quercus species are scarce in Mexico, even though the country is considered a distribution center. The aim of this study was to generate allometric equations for estimating aboveground biomass of trees Quercus laurina Humb. & Bonpl. and Q crassifolia Humb. & Bonpl., in a forest community of Ixtlán de Juárez, Oaxaca, México. Sixteen trees were sampled per species, distributed in six diameter categories and biomass was determined in stem bark, branches and foliage. Different regression models were evaluated based on fitness and validity of their statistical indicators. An exponential equation was chosen in the form of Biomasa = e[-β0 + β1 1n(DN² × AT)], to calculate the biomass (kg) within a normal diameter (DN, cm) and total height (AT, m) of the trees. The total aboveground biomass was estimated at 100,15 Mg ha-1 for Q. laurina and 129,97 Mg ha-1 for Q. crassifolia. The proportional distribution of biomass per component of Q. laurina was 82,9%; 14,9% and 2,2% for stems, branches and foliage, respectively, while for Q. crassifolia the distribution was 82,3%; 16,0% and 1,7% in the same order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caesalpinia gaumeri Greenm is a highly prized species for construction of houses and poles in the Mayan region of Yucatan. In order to contribute to technological knowledge of its attributes and suggest potential uses of wood, were described its anatomical features and physical properties. This work was conducted in four trees in a tropical deciduous forest of Yucatan. It was found that the wood is dark brown color in the heartwood and chestnut in the sapwood, wire is cross, pronounced veining, texture and brightness are average, diffuse porosity; the elements of vessel have simple perforation plates, small pits and inclusions; the rays are uniseriate and biseriate, extremely low and thin; the axial parenchyma is aliform and confluent; fiber medium and cellular wall extremely thick; heavy density and for volumetric contraction as medium; there is no clear transition between early and late wood. By the anatomic characteristic (rays extremely low, thin and abundant, fiber medium and cellular wall extremely thick and inclusions) and physical properties such as heavy density, the wood of C. gaumeri can be used in the development of ties, poles, staves, and crafts. The wire cross and rhomboidal crystal of the wood limits the use in carpentry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Habitat use by the Coues white tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus couesi) was documented during the dry season of 2006, in the Sierra del Laurel, Aguascalientes, Mexico. Based on logistic regression analyses, the objective of this study was to determine which floristic-structural and topographical features influence the probability of habitat use by the Coues deer. Vegetation, slope, altitude and distance to water were significant (p<0.01) in the probability of habitat use. The thresholds for slope, altitude and distance were estimated for a high probability of use p(y≥0.5) and varied due to vegetation type. Sites on subtropical vegetation with 50 trees of Ipomoea murucoides Roem. & Schult by hectare and 350 shrubs of Eysenhardtia poystachya Ortega Sarg., and mean height of the shrub layer over the 2.0 meters, had a probability of use greater than 50 percent. However this vegetation type is scarce and threatened by agricultural development in the Sierra del Laurel. The results of this research clearly point out the need to promote management and conservation strategies of this type of vegetation since it is the preferred habitat of the Coues deer, which in turn should be considered as an asset by the state holders and an option to derive additional income from hunting fees and other economic activities pertaining to a multiple use of the land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]