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Introduction: wrist ligament injuries and triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) lesions are common but often underdiagnosed conditions causing chronic wrist pain. The diagnostic challenge necessitates a combination of clinical examination, imaging studies, and arthroscopy, considered the gold standard. Ligament injuries, particularly scapholunate ligament (SL), and TFCC lesions account for significant wrist instability and ulnar-sided wrist pain, respectively. Material and methods: this retrospective observational study, conducted at Hospital Ángeles Pedregal, Mexico City, aimed to assess the diagnostic accuracy of wrist magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) compared to arthroscopic findings. The sample included patients with clinical suspicion of wrist ligament or TFCC lesions who underwent both wrist MRI and arthroscopy. Clinical examination maneuvers were also evaluated. The study assessed sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) for each diagnostic modality. Results: arthroscopic evaluation, considered the gold standard, revealed a high prevalence of TFCC and scapholunate ligament lesions (96.6% and 96.6%, respectively). Sensitivity for TFCC lesions on MRI was 71.4%, with 100% specificity. For ligament injuries (SL, lunotriquetral, and radioscapholunate), sensitivities ranged from 21.4% to 60.7%, with 100% specificity. Clinical examination showed higher sensitivity (29.2% to 89.3%) but lower specificity (0% to 100%) compared to MRI. Conclusion: wrist MRI remains the non-invasive imaging choice, although discrepancies exist between MRI and arthroscopic findings, emphasizing the need for careful interpretation. Clinical examination enhances sensitivity but lacks specificity. The study highlights the ongoing challenge in achieving optimal diagnostic accuracy for wrist ligament and TFCC lesions, emphasizing the importance of a multimodal diagnostic approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Introduction: arthroscopy is the gold standard for detecting rotator cuff tears, but its invasive nature limits widespread use. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) serves as a precise alternative. The correlation and diagnostic agreement between MRI and arthroscopy are unclear in the Mexican population. Material and methods: adults with rotator cuff syndrome who underwent shoulder arthroscopy and MRI were included. Findings were classified as total tear (100%), partial tear grade I (< 50%), partial tear grade II (≥ 50%), or no tear. Concordance and correlation between MRI and arthroscopy were evaluated. The accuracy, sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of MRI for diagnosing rotator cuff tears were calculated. Results: we included 147 patients with rotator cuff syndrome. MRI identified tears in 83%, of which 91.8% were confirmed by arthroscopy. Diagnostic agreement between arthroscopy and MRI was moderate (kappa = 0.452, p = 0.0001). Similarly, arthroscopy and MRI showed moderate agreement in classifying partial tears grade I, partial tears grade II, and complete tears (kappa = 0.412, p = 0.0001). Significant correlations were found in detecting partial tears grade I, partial tears grade II, and complete tears (rho = 0.77, p = 0.0001) between MRI and arthroscopy. Conclusions: magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and arthroscopy demonstrated moderate diagnostic agreement (kappa = 0.452, p = 0.0001) along with a strong positive correlation (rho = 0.77, p = 0.0001) for detecting rotator cuff tears, regardless of severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The iliotibial band originates from the iliac crest and the hip joint capsule, extending along the entire lateral surface until it inserts onto tuberculum anterolateralis tibiae on the anterolateral tibia. It acts as an agonist of the anterior cruciate ligament. In short, the iliotibial band primarily contributes to the lateral stabilization of the knee joint. One of the main causes of iliotibial band tear is sports-related injuries. Isolated iliotibial band tear is rare due to the specific requirement of pure varus stress for its occurrence, involving a combination of knee joint flexion with internal rotation. Diagnosing this condition is challenging due to its rarity and difficult clinical suspicion. We present a case of 51-year-old male patient, amateur football player, with proximal iliotibial band tear. The clinical presentation, radiographic and Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) findings, treatment and return to play are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To identify the presence of joint lumbar roots as a finding in patients referred for a magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) study with a diagnosis of low back pain. Method: Retrospective study in patients with low back pain who underwent MRI, between January 1 and December 31, 2021, at the Centro Integral de Interpretación para el Diagnóstico (CIID) of the Polanco Medical Laboratory. Results: Nine hundred nineteen cases were included, finding joint nerve roots in 10 (1.088%) patients between 21 and 75 years old, all at the L5-S1 level with indistinct presentation of gender and laterality. The signs found in all cases, 100% with a parallel sign, 70% with a corner sign and 50% with a fat crescent sign, as well as presentation associations between them. Conclusion: The diagnosis of the joint nerve root is a serendipity that cannot be differentiated by some sociodemographic characteristic and even some imaging data. Being that the main symptom is low back pain, it does not work as a pathognomonic indicator of the disease either. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gluteal pain is a frequent cause of medical attention in the daily clinical practice. It can be caused by multiple pathologies, being ischiofemoral impingement syndrome among those included in its differential diagnosis. Encompassed within the deep gluteal syndromes, this entity occurs as a consequence of the entrapment of the neuromuscular structures between the lesser femoral trochanter and the ischial tuberosity, causing pain in the root of the lower limb, with irradiation towards the thigh or the gluteal region and poor tolerance to deambulation and sedestation. The magnetic resonance imaging of the hip is fundamental for its diagnosis, and its management consists on medical treatment at onset. Despite not being a frequent diagnosis in the clinical practice in rheumatology, keeping it in mind helps improving its prognosis by establishing an early and adequate treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Villous adenomas are a type of adenoma with a high potential for malignant transformation, frequent in the colon (rectum, sigmoid and right colon). Generally asymptomatic, they can be hypersecretory causing diarrhea and significant fluid and electrolyte depletion, a condition called McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome. Those of larger size and distal are at greater risk of developing this syndrome. We present the case of a 69-year-old male, with diarrhea for a year, hospitalized for dehydration and electrolyte disturbance. Imaging and complementary studies with a large tumor in the rectum; histopathological result invasive adenocarcinoma with precursor lesion villous adenoma integrating the clinical entity of McKittrick-Wheelock syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Tesla Revista Científica is the property of Puerto Madero Editorial Academica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Avances en Odontoestomatologia is the property of Ediciones Avances SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Being able to determine the total hepatic volume (THV), or THV, becomes relevant in various situations, such as monitoring the progress of a chronic disease, planning resections and liver transplants; and observation of the hepatic clearance of some hepatotropic drugs. THV can be performed using segmentation methods in the course of a computed tomography (CT), whether manual, automatic, or semi-automated; by nuclear resonance (NR), using software from different generations (1st to 4st). THV measurement is indicated in patients undergoing major liver resections, in the context of treatment of neoplasms (hepatocellular carcinoma, cholangiocarcinoma, liver metastases or large benign tumors), abscesses (pyogenic, amoebic), and after liver trauma complex, as well as in the preoperative stage of a liver transplant. The aim of this manuscript was to generate a study document regarding methods for determine hepatic volumetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The aim of this retrospective study was to determine congenital malformations by MRI in 147 canines that underwent a brain scan by medical recommendation between 2017 and 2022 in Quito, Ecuador. The result was related to the sex, age, and breed of each patient. Sixteen patients were identified by MRI with the presence of congenital malformations. The age group for these pathologies was between 3 months and 7 years and only 1 patient older than 7 years was found. The most frequently diagnosed lesion was hydrocephalus 8.2% (n=12/147), Chiari-Like malformation 1.4% (n=2/147), a diagnosis of dysgenesis of the corpus callosum 0.7% (n=1/147) and 1 case of alteration of the septum pellucidum, 0.7% (n=1/l47). Hydrocephalus occurred more frequently between 3 months and 7 years, in Pug, English Bulldog, and brachycephalic dogs. Chiari malformations were the second most common type, diagnosed between 1 and 7 years of age, and were found in a brachycephalic patient of the Chihuahua breed and a mesocephalic patient of the Yorkshire Terrier breed. The most frequently diagnosed lesions were hydrocephalus (8.2%) and Chiari malformation (1.4%), with an age of presentation mostly up to 7 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Breast cancer is the most common malignant neoplasm in women; the most frequent sites of metastasis are to the bone, lung and liver and less common to the skin. The purpose of this case series is to review the clinical and imaging presentation of patients with skin metastases secondary to breast cancer. Method: Retrospective, crosssectional study. A review of the results of cutaneous metastases due to breast cancer was carried out in our institution over a period of 5 years; its clinical and imaging findings were analyzed. Our results are compared with that reported in the literature. Results: The prevalence of skin metastases was 0.6%, the age range was from 36 to 68 years. Most of our patients presented palpable nodularity. The most common ultrasound finding was multiple nodules with indistinct and avascular margins on color Doppler. The diagnosis was by ultrasound and biopsy. Conclusion: Cutaneous metastases due to breast cancer are rare, however it is extremely important for the radiologist to know this pathology for its diagnosis, in order to provide adequate treatment and reduce the mortality of the patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The discoid meniscus comprises a morphological variant of the menisci, characterized by changes in microarchitecture, vascularity, and abnormal stabilizing mechanisms, altering the biomechanics of the knee, predisposing it to intrasubstance degeneration and tears at an earlier age. Its incidence is unknown since it can occur in asymptomatic patients, usually as an incidental finding on magnetic resonance imaging. However, some patients may have symptoms, for instance pain and instability, and may present more significant alterations, such as joint blockage. These symptoms may occur for long periods of time, leading to early osteoarthritic changes. Because its diagnosis is mainly incidental, it is extremely important to know its characteristics and clinical implications. Its treatment is still in controversy and continues to be a real challenge, mainly for orthopedists. The purpose of this work is to review the literature in order to update concepts such as etiology, diagnosis, classification and therapy from what was found in the literature in the last 10 years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Gaceta Médica de México is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acute necrotizing hemorrhagic encephalopathy (ANE) is a rare entity, which has been associated with several viral infections and may occur as a subacute complication in the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection scenario. We present a case of ANE in a 74-year-old female patient with a history of previous SARS-CoV-2 infection with respiratory involvement, who, after the resolution of this pathology, developed a clinical picture of neurological impairment compatible with ANE as a complication, emphasizing the corresponding clinical and paraclinical findings, and we review the most relevant aspects of this entity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most bone metastases (BM) occur simultaneously in different bones, and single metastatic involvement is rare. Prostatic, breast, kidney and lung account for 68% of BM. There is no pathognomonic imaging test for the diagnosis of BM, nor international consensus on its use, which depends on the availability of imaging equipment in each hospital. In the case of solitary BM, several imaging techniques are required for the suspected diagnosis, and biopsy for the definitive diagnosis, especially if there is no known primary tumor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The acquired immunodeficiency syndrome is the final stage of a chronic, communicable and progressive disease of viral cause. The neurotoxoplasmosis is the most frequent opportunist infection in immunodepressed patients. Objective: To characterize patients with secondary neurotoxoplasmosis to human immunodeficiency virus/aids according to epidemiological, clinical and imaging variables. Methods: An observational, descriptive and cross-sectional study of 18 patients with AIDS was carried out, who received clinical and microbiological diagnosis of neurotoxoplasmosis, characterized according to findings in the magnetic resonance by images before and after the treatment, from January, 2017 to December, 2019. Results: In the investigation there was a prevalence of the male sex, the ages of 34 or less years (66.7 %) and the clinical signs of fever (100.0 %) and headache (88.9 %). Themost common localization of the lesions was in the cortico-subcortical juntion (66.1 %). The hypointense images in T1 and fluid attenuated inversion recovery and hyperintense images in T2 were the most frequent; the multiple lesions (66.7 %) of small size (50.0 %) and irregular contours (88.9 %) were notable. Before the treatment the enhance of anular type had more frequency (72.2 %) and grade 2 vasogenic edema (50.0 %); after this, 55.6 % of those affected persons presented calcifications and 72.2 % intralesional hemorrhages. It was evidenced that 77.8 % had improvement respect the cerebral edema. Conclusions: The magnetic resonance by images allowed to characterize the patients with human immunodeficiency virus/aids and cerebral toxoplasmosis, as well as to evaluate the therapeutic response through the modifications in the imaging findings. Key words: acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; cerebral toxoplasmosis; opportunist infections; magnetic resonance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose of the study: determine the sensitivity and specificity of magnetic resonance imaging in anterior cruciate ligament injuries and associated injuries through arthroscopic findings. Material and methods: this is a retrospective, longitudinal, cross-sectional study in 96 patients with ACL injuries were included and who underwent arthroscopic surgery; arthroscopic findings were compared with diagnostic magnetic resonance images as well as associated lesions. Results: for ACL lesions the following data were found in relation to the agreement by MRI and arthroscopic findings; 93.68% sensitivity, 100% specificity. Negative predictor value of 14.28% and a positive predictor value of 100%. Conclusion: MRI is an accurate and non-invasive imaging modality for the evaluation of knee injuries, the diagnostic association is considerably high. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lissencephaly is characterized by the absence (agiria) or reduction (paquigiria) of the cerebral convolutions, caused by an abnormal neuronal migration in the neocortex. We present the case of an 8-month-old male with a prominent forehead, nostrils in anteversion, prominent upper lip, micrognathia, delayed psychomotor development, epileptic seizures characterized by flexion spasms, with a previous diagnosis of West Syndrome, who is referred to our service for assessment and through MRI the presence of lissencephaly associated with Miller-Dieker syndrome was identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the findings in pediatric patients referred for low back pain to a magnetic resonance imaging study. Material and methods: Retrospective study were carried out in adolescent patients with low back pain who underwent magnetic resonance between 2019 and 2021 at the Centro Integral de Interpretación para el Diagnóstico (CIID) of Laboratorio Médico Polanco. Results: In which 135 cases were included with an average age of 15.04 ± 1.62 years of age, in 90.44% abnormal findings were found mainly in the L4-S1 area (84.2%), finding a higher incidence in discopathies (70.4%). Conclusion: Therefore, it is concluded that in pediatric patients with chronic low back pain and referred to Magnetic Resonance, the possibility of anomalies is higher than 90%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Congenital anomalies of seminal vesicles are a rare clinical entity, which is demonstrated by the limited number of cases reported in the literature about their incidence. This is the case report of a 33-year-old patient, asymptomatic, with infertility and with a physical examination within normal parameters. As part of his diagnostic assessment, a magnetic resonance imaging was performed, which reported as a conclusion the fusion of the right seminal vesicle with the contralateral one. This fusion extends through the midline with blood content. The patient continues with his evaluation for infertility. Congenital malformations of the seminal vesicles are subdivided into agenesis, hypoplasia, fusion, duplication, or cysts, with the possible effect of infertility. These malformations are usually findings in magnetic resonance imaging and generally lack pathological implications; however, it is relevant to know about their existence due to the repercussion on the surgical approach during radical prostatectomy, modifying the dissection to an extensive dissection and avoiding injury to the vascular-nerve bundles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Chest pain is a very common reason for consultation in the emergency department. An adequate approach to the patient, including medical history, physical examination and initial laboratory tests, is crucial for determining possible differential diagnoses. The following is the case of a 71-year-old patient that visited the emergency room due to severe retrosternal pain after food consumption. In view of the persistence of pain and negative cardiac biomarkers, and after ruling out aortic disease, the patient underwent an endoscopy that showed dissecting hematoma of the esophagus. The prognosis is generally favorable, but a thorough medical history is required to suspect it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hemangiopericytoma is a rare tumor of the central nervous system with varying degrees of malignancy and poor prognosis. According to the WHO classification, these lesions can be classified as grade I (benign), grade II (slow-growing tumors, some with a tendency to progress to more malignancy) and grade III or anaplastic (infiltrating tumors with anaplastic cells and a greater number of mitosis), the latter with a higher recurrence rate and metastatic capacity. Histologically they are characterized by having a compact spindle cell component and a branched stromal vascular pattern in the shape of a "deer horn". The clinical picture varies according to its location and size, the most frequent signs and symptoms are seizures, headache and focal neurological deficit. The initial diagnostic approach is computed tomography that provides suspicious data, however, magnetic resonance imaging is the main diagnosis, since it provides important data that becomes more important with the use of functional sequences such as tractography. We present the report of a clinical case with literature review and the most significant findings in imaging studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tacrolimus is a calcineurin inhibitor drug, widely used as immunosuppressant in transplant patients, as it is highly effective, despite this revolutionary immunosuppressive therapy, neurotoxicity became one of the main concerns. The neurological complications of tacrolimus can be severe with encephalopathy, seizures, and coma. Serious complications are reported more frequently after lung and kidney transplantation. We present the case of a 56-year-old patient with a history of lung transplantation and immunosuppressive treatment with tacrolimus, who developed a posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Focal cortical dysplasia encompasses a spectrum of neuronal organization disorders and a significant percentage of these will be drug-resistant. Magnetic resonance is the modality of choice to evaluate, although its radiological characteristics can be subtle and in many cases normal. The success of the treatment is directly related to the ability to define and resect the epileptogenic zone, therefore its assesment requires an optimized protocol as well as knowledge of its characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: We describe two adolescent patients with multiple sclerosis, which is a demyelinating disease of the central nervous system. Presentation of the cases: The first case was a 14-year-old female patient with overweight; her condition was characterized by dizziness, headache, paresthesia in the lower limbs, diplopia and bradylalia. On physical examination, compatible data of cerebellar involvement were identified. A magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the skull showed areas of demyelination in the posterior fossa. Multiple sclerosis, the relapsing-remitting variety, is diagnosed. After the administration of steroids and beta interferon, there was improvement in symptoms. Second case: 13-year-old female, who presented fall from her own height, bladder incontinence, loss of strength in the left arm and leg. On physical examination, left hemiparesis was detected. MRI: demyelination data in lateral ventricle, cerebellum and spinal cord. The patient improved after starting steroids and interferon. Conclusions: The clinical presentation of multiple sclerosis in pediatric patients is a challenge, since it is a condition with unspecific manifestations. Establishing the diagnosis requires multiple studies. The earlier treatment is started, the more favorable the prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Endocrinología, Metabolismo y Nutrición is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)