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Copyright of Lan Harremanak - Revista Relaciones Laborales is the property of Lan Harremanak and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte is the property of Cultura, Ciencia y Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of International Journal of Medicine & Science of Physical Activity & Sport / Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Física y del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Medicina y Ciencias de la Actividad Fisica y del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of RICYDE. Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte is the property of Revista Internacional de Ciencias del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The study presents the adaptation and properties of the Psychological Inventory of Sports Performance (IPED to sports referee (IPEDA), which evaluates the psychological skills of the referee. The questionnaire is composed of 42 items divided into seven scales: self-confidence, negative coping control, attention control, visual and imaginative control, motivational level, positive coping control and attitudinal control. The sample consisted of 174 football referees, with a mean age of 22.41 years (SD=4.37). The scales have adequate internal consistency, the adjustment indexes (NFI, CFI, GFI and AGFI) are higher than .90, and the error rates (RMSEA, RMR and SRMR) around .08. In addition, through generalizability analysis the result is that sample is normal, linear and homoscedastic, with high levels of reliability (e²=1) and generalizability (Φ=1). These results indicate that the IPEDA is a valid and accurate instrument capable of providing reliable and generalizable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study we compare the career of two international referee women in sport. Life stories, reconstructed through interviews, allow us to develop the path followed since her beginning up to the maximum level without forgetting her future prospects. The results show differences at the level of the barriers encountered in his sporting career and her vision of gender inequality. In the resources and challenges become more visible similarities in both stories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of A&C - Administrative & Constitutional Law Review - Revista de Direito Administrativo e Constitucional is the property of A&C - Revista de Direito Administrativo & Constitucional (Instituto Bacellar) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this research was to determine the differences that may exist in the gender of the referee about the technical intervention and stressful situations during basketball matches. The subjects are six national referees (4 men and 2 women) officiating an international tournament U-16. IOVAB instrument has been used to calculate the differences in the technical intervention and LISEA questionnaire in order to observe differences in stress situations. The results show no significant differences in technical intervention, except the head referee movements, where the women performance is better. However, there are differences between groups in stressful situations. Women have higher values in reference to the name of the coaches and players, the position occupied by each team in the competition, the workmate referee, the place and stadium and the existence of field official. Results show the need to implement an intervention program to regulate the anxiety of the referees before and after the games. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Psicología del Deporte is the property of Cuadernos de Psicologia del Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

When an academic researcher wishes to communicate his (her) ideas or investigation results, he (she) must submit them to evaluation in a scientific journal. The manuscript goes through three filters. Two of them, at the beginning and at the end of the publication process, are the editor's doing; in the middle, at least two referees posit a qualified opinion. This system, unbiased by design, may be corrupted by misconducts committed by these actors, independently of the article's quality. We present a critique on the role of the key players within the editorial process, supported by three documented case studies that exemplify some flaws in the peer review publication system. While rejection to be published may be an unavoidable situation for any researcher who chooses to publish his (her) work, such rejection should be broadly justified in the understanding that what is at stake is the improvement of knowledge generation and the enrichment of a common topic. Due to the difficulties to eradicate wrongdoings during the publication process, we suggest that the impact of such practices may be moderated through double blind reviews (authors and reviewers anonymous to one another), to offer non-economic rewards to reviewers, and redistributing the editor's responsibilities among different associate editors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze the somatotype of assistant referees and examine its correlation with physical performance during FIFA physical tests. Study subjects were referees from the Brazilian Football Confederation (CBF) and Paranese Football Federation (FPF) who appeared before the Physical Evaluation Committee of the FPF in order to submit to the physical fitness tests. The sample was comprised of 11 referees from the CBF and considered the elite of Brazil, and 34 FPF referees who officiate at regional level in the state of Parana. In order to determine body composition nine skin folds, nine body circumferences and four bone diameter measures were used. To assess variables related to physical fitness a battery of the following FIFA physical tests were used: two runs of 50 meters and 12 minute running tests. Data analysis of body composition indicated fat percentage of assistant referees from the CBF was 16.74±3.71%, and assistants of the FPF was 17.09±4.38ck. There were no statistically significant differences (p>O.05). With regard to somatotype, CBF assistants were classified as mesoendomorph and FPF assistants as endo-mesomorph, in other words, CBF assistants group showed a higher predominant muscular component over fat. The difference between somatotypes was statistically significant (DDS=2.22). In reference to the speed test the CBF assistant referees were faster than the FPF referees, the difference being statistically significant between results (p=0.0001 ). During a match, assistant referees perform a lesser physical effort than the main referee: their performance however was similar to the main referee in the physical tests. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the current study was to analyses the state of the anthropometric profile and physical ability of referees of first category participants of professional Chilean during the 2007 soccer Season. The sample was formed by 11 main referees, all male sex. The age was 34.54 ± 4.76 years old, height 1.74 ± 0.05 m, body mass 76.95 ± 5.75 kg and 25.14 ± 1.18 kg/m2 of body mass index (BMI). The variables of body mass, height, skinfolds, body girth and bone diameters were collected with the aim of estimating the body composition and determining the somatotype of the referees. The new group of physical tests from FIFA determines to evaluate the referee first about his fitness to run quickly (6 \ 40 m) with a break of one minute and also to measure his ability of aerobic resistance in the second test. Regarding to the data of body composition the result indicate that the fat percentage is 15.44 ± 2.81 % with an average somatotype of 3.81 - 5.67 - 1.57 classified in meso-endomorphic. The results show that the Chilean referees covered in average 5.32 ? 0.02 the first test, meanwhile the second test all the referees covered easily distance of 4.000 m. The higher body fat in the professional referees can be a limitation of the physical performance during the game that could be controlled by advisement and fitness programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]