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This article analyzes the relationship between poverty, violence, and international migration in indigenous areas of Mexico. It highlights that migration is not only due to economic reasons but also to widespread violence in the country. The states of Guerrero, Chiapas, and Oaxaca have high levels of marginalization and poverty, which contribute to indigenous migration. Additionally, it is mentioned that the indigenous population has lower incomes and a higher proportion of people living in extreme poverty compared to the non-indigenous population. It is also mentioned that entities with a higher indigenous population have a lower Human Development Index. The article also highlights that drug trafficking and agrarian conflicts contribute to significant levels of violence in rural areas, especially in indigenous communities. Specific cases of agrarian conflicts in Chiapas, Guerrero, and Oaxaca are mentioned, and the lack of recognition and protection of indigenous territories is emphasized. It is concluded that the international migration of indigenous communities is caused by multiple factors, including poverty, marginalization, and violence. The need for public policies to reduce poverty and retain the indigenous population in their places of origin is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

The objective of this paper is to verify if the urban population of the municipalities of the northern border of Mexico has higher incomes than those of other municipalities in the country, while suffering worse living conditions; that is what some authors have called "border development paradox". To verify this issue, proportions were compared based on multidimensional poverty data from Coneval for the period 2008-2020, and more municipalities and population were considered than in any previous research. The results show that urban residents of the northern border have higher incomes, but also better access to services and less social deprivation. These results--which contradict some previous research, but confirm others--are maintained throughout the entire period analyzed and with different territorial groups. Therefore, it is concluded that there is no evidence of said paradox. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The Habsburg sale of jurisdictions in Castile allowed a vast number of wealthy men to climb the Early Modern social pyramid by obtaining titles akin to those of feudal lords. This paper analyses the case of Antonio Álvarez de Bohorques, 1st Marquis of Los Trujillos, who tried to build a manorial state by buying up estates between the Kingdoms of Granada and Jaén. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se propone aquí un modelo para estimar la riqueza de los grupos más ricos de la sociedad y diseñar un sistema eficiente de impuesto patrimonial. Para las consideraciones de diseño e implementación se revisa la experiencia internacional comparada y se presenta una discusión analítica de los efectos del impuesto patrimonial, examinando las principales críticas que han recibido por parte de economistas ortodoxos. La metodología asociada al cálculo del patrimonio considera aproximaciones de primer orden y el criterio de Pareto para abordar las limitaciones en los datos, y se plantea un sistema impositivo que corrige los problemas que se han presentado en la implementación de este tipo de tributos en otros países. El modelo se aplica a la realidad de Chile que, al igual que otros países de la región, presenta una desigualdad estructural en la concentración del ingreso y la riqueza que se ha visto amplificada por los efectos del COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo retoma la tradición ricardiana de entender la distribución del ingreso como la articulación de un conflicto "antagónico", con multiplicidad de agentes y luchas, en que la historia, la política y las instituciones importan tanto como los "fundamentos" económicos. Por pertenecer a "lo político", en este conflicto no hay soluciones meramente lógicas, sino opciones en un escenario de equilibrios múltiples. En mercados desregulados este conflicto favorecería la supremacía de las rentas no productivas (en especial las de "ineficiencia"), en desmedro de las utilidades operativas, afectando la inversión y el crecimiento de la productividad. Además, las instituciones disfuncionales tendrían "capacidad para persistir", transformando el régimen de dominación en un "proceso estacionario": los impactos desestabilizadores solo tendrían efectos temporales. Para esto, cuando en democracia la oligarquía latinoamericana limita el cambio y debilita al Estado imponiendo amarres constitucionales buchanianos, rediseña sus estrategias distributivas y absorbe elementos de ideologías opuestas para mantener la hegemonía de la suya. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existen diversas opiniones en la literatura sobre cómo repercuten las pandemias en la desigualdad de los ingresos. Mientras que en la literatura económica se sostiene que las pandemias aumentan la desigualdad, la literatura histórica y de las ciencias políticas señala que las pandemias podrían ocasionar quiebres institucionales y, en un contexto de cambios a nivel de las élites y de presiones desde los estratos más bajos, mantener las desigualdades. Tras examinar los datos actuales sobre las repercusiones de la enfermedad por coronavirus (COVID-19), hemos constatado que se están produciendo transferencias de los ingresos hacia las clases más altas y determinados cambios a nivel de las élites en la región. Sin embargo, dado que las élites han controlado las medidas económicas que se han adoptado para mitigar y enfrentar la crisis, hay pocos indicios de que se esté produciendo un quiebre institucional. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 1980s in Mexico City was a time of important social and political change. A dialogue and proximity between the Catholic Church and the political institutions was generated that, in some way, opened a widespread, formal collaboration with Catholicism in many popular sectors of the population, also with the capital's upper classes. This stage was of great importance, when one considers that the wealthy social classes and the popular sectors coincided in the development of a common project with the Archdiocese of Mexico. The Social Swap (which consisted of the purchase of debt from the Government of Mexico by the Catholic Church) at the end of the 1980s was a clear example of this change, whereby the government, the Catholic Church and businessmen formalized this alliance. Running parallel to this process, the popular areas of the city saw the coming together of the parish priests with the neighborhoods so as to promote the Popular Housing Renovation program, which partially reconfigured the urban geography of the capital within just a few years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on the salvation of the rich in Christianity. Reflection on the meaning of wealth and poverty is at the heart of Christian identity. The imprecation of Leo XIII that inaugurates the modern social doctrine of the Church poses the problem of wealth and poverty in the same terms in which it appeared from the beginning.

Cardinal Torquemada (d. 1468) was an important figure in connecting Italian and Northern art. In his exceptional work as ambassador, theologian, and reformer, he received financial support from his uncle Garci Fernández de Torquemada, a wealthy merchant who had business contacts in Flanders, France, and Italy. Rumours spread by the chronicler Hernando del Pulgar concerning a possible 'judeoconverso' background for the Cardinal (i.e., a familiar origin in Jewish people converted to Christianity) are unfounded. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sector of La Candelaria (Bogotá D. C., Colombia) has once again become a place of residence and consumption for high-income groups that had abandoned the area in the mid-20th century due to multiple urban problems. This dynamics of relocation, known as gentrification in urban geography, is a trend previously observed in other cities and forms part of the global process of urbanization. The article provides a reading of that urban phenomenon in Bogotá on the basis of the analysis of its causes and consequences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta información de la Organización para la Cooperación y el Desarrollo Económico (OCDE) sobre la creciente desigualdad entre la población rica y la población pobre en los países con economías emergentes. Se incluyen datos estadísticos, tablas y gráficos a partir de mediados de la década 1980 hasta la crisis financiera mundial de 2008.

Copyright of Revista Criterio Libre is the property of Revista Criterio Libre and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Sociológicos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Análise is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papers: Revista de Sociologia is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Focuses on the richest men of El Salvador with reference to the newspaper titled "El Economista." News articles about the success of some of the richest businessmen of the country; Significance of wealth of the rich people when the country was in war; Role of economists in the world of wealth.

For Gutiérrez and for José María Arguedas. Peru taught them that the God of the rich is not equal to the God of the poor. God is hope, joy; knowing God in the Bible also means loving. In Medellin, 1968, the poor burst onto the stage; the Church changes; liberation theology is a new form for sensing God. Gutiérrez presents a prophetic theological work; for Arguedas theologizing is writing a love letter to God, human beings, to the Church. Latinamerican theology is no longer a mere echo of European theology, but is now a source. The non-believer was the privileged person in the conversation in European theology. In Latinamerica, it is the non-person. How can the nonhuman be told that God is his father? Liberation theology is a new way of doing theology: a critical reflection of the practice of historical love. Human beings journey by following Jesus. These propositions raised an ecclesial and theological controversy. For some there were too many new things; others saw their interests or their understanding of faith affected. Gutiérrez took his inspiration from Paul VI's POPULORUM PROGRESSIO. For those who wonder if liberation theology is still in force after the fall of the Berlin Wall, Gutiérrez answers that the starting point was not the situation of the Eastern European countries but the inhuman poverty of our continent. John Paul II: the poor are the first to feel the necessity of this gospel of radical and integral liberation. In Europe they have raised the question: "How can we theologize after Auschwitz?" Gutiérrez asks: "How can one speak of the God of life when there is such massive and cruel killing in the corner of the dead? It is not just a question of social analysis but also a theocentric decision: The poor should be preferred because God is God. We run into the failures of humanity, our own failures, the failures of God's creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo presenta un análisis sobre el aumento de la plutocracia mundial en los últimos años. Las ventajas económicas de los más ricos, con respecto a los demás, ha contribuido a la desigualdad de clases, fenómeno que se observa tanto en los países desarrollados como en los países subdesarrollados.