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Colonias--unincorporated, low-income settlements endemic to the U.S. borderlands--have inadequate infrastructure and dismal living conditions, but also provide a creative solution to the housing dilemma faced by many border families. Colonias are most common in Texas and New Mexico, primarily as a result of weak rural planning laws, and are growing at a rate of about 10 percent per year. Colonias lack water, sewer, gas, and electric lines, but the land is cheap and houses are built piecemeal from available materials. Colonia residents have high rates of tuberculosis, typhoid, and hepatitis and do not have health insurance. Lack of potable water is a major problem. Dropout rates are high, educational attainment is low, and school bus service is not available in colonias. Nevertheless, enrollment at border schools is increasing annually by 5-10 percent, and education is the top priority of colonia residents. Agencies seeking to address colonia problems must form partnerships with residents, sustain agency presence in the community over the long term, and convince residents that agency programs will improve both living conditions and employment opportunities. Strategies are suggested for community outreach, development training, and service delivery. (SV)

Mexico faces deep inequalities: the richest 10% concentrate 57.4% of the country's income and 78.7% of its wealth, while the poorest 50% have access to barely 9.2% of the income and lack significant wealth. Social inequality and poverty are closely linked. While inequality is not the only cause of poverty, it plays a significant role in perpetuating it. Addressing social inequality is essential to effectively combat poverty and build more equitable and fair societies. The infant mortality rate (IMR) is a key indicator, strongly influenced by structural factors such as poverty, which reflects avoidable, unnecessary and premature deaths, which can be prevented through individual and collective actions. The relationship between poverty and child health is well recognized, as poverty is associated with the worst outcomes in child health, particularly in infant mortality. In 2020, the distribution of infant mortality among the Mexican states was remarkably heterogeneous, with rates ranging from 6.1 to 20.5 deaths per 1,000 births. The Pearson correlation coefficient between the IMR and the percentage of people living in extreme poverty (r = 0.550), educational gap (r = 0.530), lack of access to health services (r = 0.547); and people with 3 or more social deficiencies (r = 0.520) was high and statistically significant; but the IMR is also moderately associated with poverty (r = 0.494) and lack of social security (r = 0.494). The nine entities with high or very high rates of infant mortality and extreme poverty were Chiapas, Guerrero, Mexico, Michoacán, Puebla, Oaxaca, Tabasco, Tlaxcala, and Yucatán. Although Mexico has managed to reduce its infant mortality rate, it is still much higher than the average for Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) countries. To further reducing this rate, it is necessary to address poverty reduction, expand access to essential health services, improve prenatal and postnatal care, and strengthen preventive services, such as vaccination. A special program involving all health institutions and with adequate resources is required. It is crucial to prioritize actions in the nine most affected Mexican states. It is unacceptable that, in 2020, infant mortality in Oaxaca was more than three times higher than Nayarit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 2030 Agenda, with its seventeen Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), constitutes a universal and ambitious plan that maintains the central objective of eradicating poverty by addressing various areas of sustainable development. However, since 2020, the effects of the Covid-19 pandemic have posed a challenge to the achievement of the agreed-upon goals. In fact, since its inception, the impact of Covid-19 has led to setbacks in the progress towards achieving the SDGs, with a notable regression in 2021. This article utilizes data from the Sustainable Development Goals Index report to analyze the compliance status of SDG 8 and SDG 13 in the four Latin American countries that are members of the OECD. Mixed results are evident, compromising the attainment of the agreed-upon targets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Economía (Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán) is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Facultad de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Economía (Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán) is the property of Universidad Autonoma de Yucatan, Facultad de Economia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article analytically reviews the character of Sofia Petrovna in the novel Sofia Petrovna (Lidia, Chukovskaya, 1967/1988) in the context of the police persecutions carried out by the Stalinist regime between 1935 and 1938 known as the Great Terror. This novel, written clandestinely during that period, recounts Sofia's struggle to find out the whereabouts of her son Kolia, arrested for no apparent reason; the sterile determination of this mother from Leningrad in the face of the monstrous Soviet bureaucracy and her own stigmatization as a relative of an enemy of the people, are factors that constitute not only the fictional plot of this work, but also the silenced chronicle of millions of Soviet women. martyred to the point of destitution or death by the judicial and police bodies of the USSR, including the author herself, who lost her husband, the physicist Matvei Bronstein, during the purges. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was based on an analysis of the agricultural, socioeconomic and food production situation in Colta canton, Chimborazo province, Ecuador, focusing on the Puruhá indigenous community. Despite its high agricultural and livestock productivity, the region faces a worrying rate of poverty and malnutrition. The agricultural system, characterized by smallholdings and subsistence agriculture, reflects limited access to technology and technical assistance. Questionnaires identified four distinct production systems, each with its own socioeconomic dynamics. Food consumption patterns reveal a preference for low-nutrient foods, influenced by the mother's level of education. Despite contributing significantly to regional production, the paradox persists: high malnutrition rates in an apparently prosperous area. The need for comprehensive strategies that address both production and equitable access to nutritious food, along with local economic development and improvement of basic social services, to effectively combat poverty and malnutrition in rural areas is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Los programas de protección social se han convertido en una herramienta indispensable y efectiva para mejorar las condiciones de vida de la población en situación de pobreza y vulnerabilidad. En este artículo se examinan los cinco principales programas de transferencias monetarias de Colombia, y se estudian su historia, su focalización, su cobertura, su operatividad y los compromisos fiscales derivados de su implementación. Asimismo, se hace una revisión de las evaluaciones de impacto de estos programas y sus resultados en múltiples indicadores sociales. Este trabajo es un primer intento de consolidación de la información existente sobre el tema en Colombia, que permite entender de manera comprehensiva el alcance y los retos de estos programas, así como identificar posibles áreas de investigación y mejora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reviews the different approaches and policies that are most used in the literature to measure the level of poverty with tools of fuzzy logic. These policies are based on the integrated measurement method (IM), which combines poverty line methods and unmet basic needs. Moreover, we present the most recent studies on the measurement of the level of poverty in different sectors and populations, as well as the more relevant conclusions of the work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the relationship between macroeconomics and (labor) poverty between 2005 and 2022. Three scenarios were considered: 1) income, inflation, interest rate and labor poverty, while scenarios 2) and 3) considered labor income and inflation of lines of poverty and extreme poverty in relation to income, respectively. An impulse response function and its cointegrating relationship are estimated for each scenario. The results suggest that the interest rate does indeed have an impact on poverty: a monetary policy that prioritizes low and stable inflation corresponds to a lower poverty rate, as well as higher income. Finally, it is concluded that inflation is detrimental to poverty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The recent years, inequality and the accumulation of wealth in the hands of a few have grown alarmingly in the world. The concentration of corporate power leads to oligopolies in almost all sectors and monopolistic power, economic and political, which seriously damage the well-being of the majority and the very foundations of democracy. The 2030 Agenda set the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) that seek to alleviate inequalities in the world. An analysis of its various tracking indices does not invite optimism. The pandemic, wars and other concomitant factors have led to an even greater worsening at the beginning of the decade. Decisive action by governments is needed to control oligopolistic power and redistribute income and wealth. Only strong states will have the capacity to do so effectively. Tax justice must be an effective instrument for correcting inequalities and limiting excesses in the concentration of power and wealth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain has one of the highest in-work poverty rates in Europe and a high degree of job instability. Reducing in-work poverty requires an understanding of the entry and exit mechanisms specific to this situation, as well as the protective and risk factors involved. Based on data from the Spanish Living Conditions Survey (2017- 2020), this paper shows that households with children are more likely to experience in-work poverty, and that in-work poverty is more persistent in these cases. That said, entry into and exit from poverty is mostly associated with employment-related events, and to a lesser extent, with changes in household composition. The concentration of in-work poverty in households with children results from a process of erosion and accumulated risks, whereby wage losses have a greater effect on the risk of poverty, and the social protection system appears to be insufficient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Venezolana de Gerencia (RVG) is the property of Revista de Filosofia-Universidad del Zulia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This research aims to identify the factors that influence the perception of poverty in Bogota and Cundinamarca. For this we used data from the Multipurpose Survey in Colombia (2017) and estimated a binary response model using LASSO (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator). The empirical testing showed that high levels of schooling, sufficient income to cover minimum expenses, receiving rents, being a housewife, belonging to the special health regime or not receiving state aid or remittances, decreased the probability of feeling poor. Meanwhile, people were more likely to consider themselves poor if they presented at least one of the following conditions: they were unemployed, were disabled, belonged to the subsidized regime, had low levels of schooling, received help from another person or some institution, or their minimum expenses were not covered by their income. Therefore, to reduce the perception of poverty, public policies in Colombia should aim to create mechanisms that promote higher education and job stability, instead of increasing subsidies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Cuestiones de Sociologia: Revista de Estudios Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work will investigate the social thought of Pope Francis in relation to the poor and poverty from the encyclical Fratelli Tutti. I understand poverty as the lack of capabilities that a person has to develop in society. Pope Francis sees poverty as a concern that affects dignity and the rights of por people. In addition, he points out that unemployment is one of its main causes. Therefore, work can be an effective solution to combat poverty. The Holy Father is aware that this phenomenon affects the elderly, adults, youth and children, but specially he knows thst women are the most affected. The Pope not only comments on the problem that poverty itself is posing, but goes further, calling Catholics and non-Catholics to act, to go out to meet the poor, with solidarity, charity, opening paths towards fraternity. He also points out that structural changes are fundamental to overcome this problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the study was to analyze real poverty and the contributions of female employment in the reduction of monetary poverty and human capability poverty in Bokobá and Teya, Yucatán. A mixed methodology was used. Quantitative data were obtained through a cluster sample survey, 134 questionnaires were completed. Qualitative data were collected through 24 interviews. Findings indicate that in Teya there is greater monetary poverty and women are less able to be employed than women in Bokobá; it is also evident that by increasing the women's economic contribution, poverty in households decreases; in addition, having a job enables women to strengthen their agency and their voice. The conclusion points to the critical importance of women being employed, as this helps to reduce poverty by capabilities and to break through monetary poverty in their households. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aimed to characterize the situation of financial inclusion in the rural sector of the Guayaquil canton, as well as the role of savings and credit cooperatives in this process. The hypotheticaldeductive methods were applied, as well as the documentary review and analysis, the survey and the interview. The study was carried out in the rural parishes of Posorja, Puná, Tenguel and Morro in Guayaquil, Ecuador, where a total of 27,017 people over 18 years of age reside. It was obtained that savings and credit cooperatives have greater relevance in places where rurality and poverty are greater and that people in rural areas maintain a regular perception of the development of formal financial entities, since they are distrustful and dissatisfied with the way these establishments operate. Levels of financial inclusion are insufficient, while savings and credit cooperatives can contribute to improving this situation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article has the objective to compare poverty rates of elderly people between 2018 and 2020, after the universalization of the non-contributory pension during the 2018-2024 presidential period in Mexico, in order to know if there is a change on elderly people's poverty rates. Also, the article aims to know if this policy change has a regressive impact in the whole pension system distribution. The paper uses as a reference for the analysis the International Labour Organization (ILO) guidelines. It compares poverty of different social groups of elderly people in 2018 and 2020 using the National Survey of Households Income and Expenditure. The paper concludes that elderly people's poverty situation is better in 2020. However, there is an increase on inequality in pensions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Promoting the empowerment and organization of rural women into collectives that generate income and contribute to the improvement of the living conditions in their communities, are necessary actions to achieve sustainable development. In Mexico, these strategies must be included in public policies and be in accordance with the Sustainable Development objectives issued in the 2030 Agenda of the United Nations Organization: gender equality and the end of poverty. In this article experiences of women in rural areas are described, the forms of organization, strategies for labor inclusion and progress in empowerment in the community of Chiquihuitlán, Jalisco. It is a qualitative, descriptive study, with the application of group interviews that allowed interaction with people obtaining important data for analysis and discussion. In the results, experiences, obstacles and challenges overcome are described, the institutional support received and the existing distance between the public policies outlined by the State and the reality perceived through the discourse of women. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: In Latin America, alcoholic beverages consumption is a main reason of problems related to physical, mental and social health. The National Commission for the Development of Indigenous Peoples states that indigenous populations are vulnerable problems related to alcohol consumption because a set of characteristics such as extreme poverty and educational backwardness. Our objective was to determine the effect of perceived stress on alcohol consumption in an indigenous population. Method: Study design was descriptive, correlational, and predictive. Results: Perceived stress was positively and significantly related to the number of drinks consumed in a typical day (rs = .211, p ‹.01), it's also related with alcohol consumption (AUDIT) (rs = .328, p ‹ .01), however, it was negatively and significantly related to age (rs = -.135, p ‹.05). The final Model presented a significant effect in the whole model (F(1,110) = 20.126, p = .001), explaining 39.3% of the variance of alcohol consumption. Perceived stress was found to have a positive and significant effect on alcohol consumption (B =.229, p ‹ .001). Conclusions: Perceived stress is a factor influencing excessive alcohol consumption in indigenous populations, drug use is considered a coping strategy to deal with stressful problems in daily life. The population presented problems with heavy episodic drinking, past year drinking with high prevalence and harmful drinking. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Delving into the writings and doctrine of Saint Thérèse of Lisieux is not simply a way to gather information about her; it also opens us to a greater knowledge of ourselves. Fortunately, the studies done following the centenary of her death and her declaration as a Doctor of the Church (1997) have expanded the rather devotional vision of the approaches to her figure, thereby highlighting both her authenticity and the Gospel dimension present in her writings, which arise from her missionary vocation: to communicate a mystical experience not reducible to classical schemes, which distrusts the extraordinary and is based on a deep knowledge of the love of God and the poverty of human reality. A mysticism that leads Thérèse, and her readers, to holiness understood as full communion with God, which is made manifest in her mystical life as a strong and inalienable desire. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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