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Copyright of Enfermería Neonatal is the property of Fundacion para la Salud Materno Infantil (FUNDASAMIN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis (PAP) is a rare disease that affects the lung interstitium diffusely, leading to the accumulation of pulmonary surfactant and alveolar obstruction, which can result in respiratory failure. Here, we present the case of a 32-year-old male patient from Bogotá, Colombia, who was admitted due to progressive functional class deterioration requiring supplemental oxygen. Physical examination findings at admission included bibasilar fine crackles and acropachy. Chest computed tomography (CT) revealed a "crazy-paving pattern." Bronchoscopic examination with bronchoalveolar lavage cytology showed abundant proteinaceous material accompanied by macrophages stained positive for Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS) and positive anti-GM-CSF antibodies. A diagnosis of alveolar proteinosis was made, followed by whole lung lavage. The patient showed improvement in oxygenation and was subsequently discharged. Due to the scarcity of studies on PAP in Colombia, we decided to present this case and review the existing literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas is the property of Universidad de Ciencias Medicas de La Habana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Bronchopulmonary dysplasia is an important cause of comorbidity in the <34 weeks of gestation preterm infant. Its incidence increases with decreasing gestational age and birth weight. The presence of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants predicts multiple adverse outcomes; therefore it is important to determine the epidemiological characteristics related to risk factors in each care center. The present study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics of preterm infants ≤ 34 weeks of gestation and its association with bronchopulmonary dysplasia in a tertiary health care institution. Material and Methods. This is an observational retrospective and analytical study performed at the "Fray Antonio Alcalde" Civil Hospital of Guadalajara from January to November 2016. We included 57 preterm infants. Neonates with and without bronchopulmonary dysplasia were identified. Gender, gestational age, birth weight, maternal age, gravid toxemia, smoking, chorioamnionitis, premature rupture of membranes, use of pulmonary maturators and/or caffeine, persistent ductus arteriosus, respiratory distress síndrome, mechanical ventilation, CPAP, oxygen use, surfactant, 2 transfusions and/or sepsis were evaluated. Rates, Chi and odds ratios were obtained using SPSS software version 24. Results. The frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia in preterm infants ≤34 weeks of gestation was 33.3%. Of the analyzed population, 63% were female. The average birth weight was 1080g (590-1760g). Differences with statistical significance were found in: gestational age (p<0.010), respiratory distress syndrome (0R 18.41, CI 95% 3.65-92.77 p<0.001), history of mechanical ventilation (OR 20, CI 95% 2.42- 165.28 p<0.001), use Of surfactant (OR 18.41, CI 95% 3.65-92.77 p<0.001), antecedent of transfusions (OR 6.87, CI 95% 1.99-23.71 p=0.001), diagnosis of sepsis (OR 1.31, CI 95% 1.09-1.56 p=0.021), positive acute phase reactants (OR 8.12, CI 95% 2.34-28.14 p<0.001), age at discharge (p=0.040) and oxygen dependence (OR 1.81 ,CI 95% 1.35-2.40 p=0.001). Discussion. The frequency of bronchopulmonary dysplasia was higher than that reported by countries with high economic potential but similar to that reported in other nations. The risk factors identified were similar to those previously described. There was greater prevalence in the female gender. The association between bronchopulmonary dysplasia and the history of transfusions was highlighted. It is suggested to carry out a case-control study to analyze confounding variables such as persistent ductus arteriosus, prenatal corticosteroids and the use of non-invasive ventilatory techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To present a review of recent literature on pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (PAP) based on a clinical case. Presentation of the case: Review of electronic clinical record of a 76 years-old masculine patient with history of mesenteric Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma (NHL) follicular-type lineage B, who repeatedly attended the emergency services due to a two-month history of symptoms of fever, compromised general condition and cough. Physical examination revealed crepitus in the right hemithorax. Chest computed tomography (CT) was performed, which showed peripheral ground-glass pulmonary opacities, with smooth septal thickening and some subpleural retractile bands. He was managed on an outpatient basis with Azithromycin for one week. No response; evolves with weight loss and night diaphoresis. New chest CT in January 2021, shows new extensive peripheral "cobblestone" foci, described as "crazy paving", extensive diffuse ground glass foci, without condensation and with resolution of retractile bands. Negative infectious study. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed with a histological study of the fluid showing a chronic inflammatory process with abundant macrophages and proteinaceous material. Discussion: After ruling out infectious pathology, the study was oriented towards other causes of pulmonary parenchymal disease. Thus, the correct description of the tomographic imaging pattern and the BAL that were compatible with PAP are essential. Conclusion: PAP is an infrequent pathology, but an adequate clinical history, the approach to differential diagnoses of slowly resolving pneumonia, associated with the recognition of the characteristic radiological pattern and the histological study with BAL allow an accurate diagnosis to be made, with great therapeutic implications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Meconium aspiration syndrome (MAS) is a common condition observed in full-term neonates that require ventilatory and hemodynamic support in the Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU), which present a high morbidity and mortality. Objective: To compare the morbidity and mortality in patients with MAS and persistent pulmonary hypertension (PPH) treated with high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV), surfactant pulmonary, sildenafil with and without inhaled nitric oxide. Methods: Retrospective, observational, descriptive and analytical study. We analyzed all the charts of newborns admitted to the NICU in the Dr . José Eleuterio Gonzalez University Hospital diagnosed with meconium aspiration syndrome from January 1, 2005 to July 31, 2009. Results: During the study period, 17 cases were included, which involved two groups: nine patients with nitric oxide (group A) and eight without nitric oxide (group B). No significant differences were found in gestational age (A, 40 vs B, 39.3), weight (A, 3.780 g, vs B 3.610 g) or APGAR score at five minutes. The average days of high-frequency oscillatory ventilation were not statistically significant. In relation to nosocomial sepsis, we found no significant difference between the groups; group A had six patients and four patients in group B. Group A had two patients with pneumothorax, and in group B only one (p = 0.47). We not found statistically significant difference in mortality (two patients in group A and one in group B). Conclusions: With this study, we show the failure of having nitric oxide. An accessible and inexpensive resource as sildenafil can successfully treat this condition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulmonary surfactant is now a cornerstone in the management of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, therefore is the knowledge of interest rates available in the market, as well as some of their properties. The purpose of this paper is to report doses, ingredients and directions of the main types of pulmonary surfactant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The pulmonary surfactant is now a cornerstone in the management of respiratory distress syndrome of the newborn, therefore is the knowledge of interest rates available in the market, as well as some of their properties. The purpose of this paper is to report doses, ingredients and directions of the main types of pulmonary surfactant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Pediatría is the property of Revista Chilena de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)