Search

Copyright of Spanish Journal of Comparative Education / Revista Española de Educación Comparada is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The city governments of Costa Rica have a significant role in the National Risk Management System (SNGR in Spanish) to face the multiple threats and risks that affect the country from their territories. The different frameworks and policies that work with the Disaster Risk Management approach, among which are international (e. g., Sendai Framework for Action), regional (e. g., Central American Policy for Comprehensive Disaster Risk Management), and national instruments (e. g., National Risk Management Policy), promote risk analysis as a process that contributes to their reduction and mitigation, which, together with specific policies focused on gender (e. g., Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Discrimination Against Women [CEDAW]), highlight the gender approach as a principle or axis, making the need to carry out reviews and actions differentiated by gender visible. The growth of inequalities in events such as disasters emphasizes the fact that there are gender differences in the perception of risks, the levels of vulnerability that exist and the capacities to cope. This article collects the research carried out that answers the question: "What are the psychosocial elements that influence the implementation of mainstreaming the gender approach in DRM processes in municipal offices?" from Community Social Psychology and Feminist Social Psychology. A study with a qualitative approach and phenomenological design was carried out, in which interviews were applied to institutional representatives in DRM and gender. The first seeks to promote processes of social transformation, considering the psychosocial processes that permeate community dynamics, which, in turn, are influenced by specific contexts. As for Feminist Psychology, it promotes the identification of inequalities and the creation of options for change. The relationship between feminist political perspectives and psychological practices and sexual and gender differences were considered as causes of inequalities, generating certain psychosocial analyzes not widely developed so far. A subjective perspective to the lived experience of the people participating in the research was considered in order to emphasize the meanings and knowledge as a process, based on interviews with institutional representatives of municipal offices and national institutions both focused on DRM or gender. Twelve psychosocial elements that influence the mainstreaming of the gender approach in municipal DRM were identified: the need for training and awareness, the requirement of political will, the naturalization of gender roles and stereotypes, the recognition of gender differences, resistance to mainstreaming gender, subjectivity, the presence or absence of inter and intra-institutional articulations, the social participation of women, the recognition of gender violence, the recognition of vulnerable populations, the cultural context and social inequalities. Moreover, gender inequalities are recognized as an element that affects and emphasizes the vulnerabilities of specific populations, such as women of different ages, transgender people, people with disabilities, among others. The research allowed an approach to ten different territorial contexts where DRM is put into practice from an office or as a process, and how the experience of the people who lead them understands the gender approach, contrasting with the institutional perspective applied at the national level. It is concluded that these should be made visible and can be worked on to address the risks of two historically discriminated populations: women and LGTBIQ+ population. Considering gender inequalities as an underlying cause of risk is a priority for Disaster Risk Management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Psicoterapia is the property of Revista de Psiquiatria y Psicologia Humanista, S.L. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal of Psychology & Education / Revista de Psicología y Educación is the property of Revista de Psicologia de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The legislative and social progress regarding the rights and equal opportunities of people with disabilities does not exclude military contexts. The United States, France, the United Kingdom and Spain have developed instruments to guarantee legal, administrative, and economic protection for military personnel with disabilities, although social recovery projects and programs seem insufficient. Therefore, this bibliographic review focuses on the objective of reviewing the psychosocial resources available in the Armies of our environment. The results show that most of the studies reviewed focus on the recovery of military personnel with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), although there are also studies on spinal cord injury or brain damage. The topics addressed, in relation to psychosocial support and available resources, focus on employability, economic compensation, treatments and factors that favour social integration. Of note are studies on: (1) the benefits brought by supported employment programs, for health, social integration, and self-esteem, (2) the use of service dogs, that improve quality of life and work production, and (3) sports programs, which improve self-esteem and quality of life, and favour post traumatic growth. In conclusion, the need to establish comprehensive recovery programs, not only health, but also psychosocial, is pointed out. Military personnel and veterans with disabilities should be informed and advised about the resources available to them, and accompanied in the transition to civilian life, initiating work, social, sports and leisure projects that favour their quality of life, self-esteem, and recovery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The increase in extreme events caused by climate change carries the need of building coping capacities and empowerment among susceptible and exposed communities before these risky episodes. The aim of the present study was to clarify the relationship between collective active coping strategies and post-traumatic growing, considering empowerment as a possible mediator. Using a purposive non-probabilistic sampling, 324 households affected by a climatologic disaster in Copiapó (Chile) were surveyed, assessing their coping capacities, empowerment, their impact-of-the-event perceptions, and reassessment of positive changes. For data analysis, descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation, multiple regression analysis, and simple mediation analysis were performed. Results indicate that active coping capacities correlated directly with post-traumatic community growth, and this association was partially mediated by empowerment according to a path analysis with bootstrapping method. This research contributes to better understanding adaptive coping strategies, particularly focusing on disaster events as potential opportunities for development and wellbeing within specific empowering contexts. In addition, we propose that it is necessary to critically examine current models of community resilience against socionatural disasters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spirituality, or what motivates the search for the sacred from particular and free positions, allows us to provide a framework from which to interpret the experience of loss and suffering, contributing in different ways to the resignification and re-authorship of people after the trauma. It is related to resilience, with that ability to overcome adverse events. It favors the mitigation of the negative effects of the traumatic event and fosters healthy and successful psychological development -despite the suffering caused by an external situation- by promoting the construction and redefinition of people's life purpose -one of the central components of human wellbeing-, being especially relevant in those who have been victims of trauma. Thus, spirituality can contribute to the reconfiguration of the narrative about the survived experience from practices that promote spiritual emotion such as the actions of meditating or praying, the latter considered as one of the mechanisms of self-revelation that is fundamental within the post traumatic growth process. Spirituality and religion maintain a complex interrelation that at times makes difficult the distinction between them. However, this distinction is especially sensitive and necessary when it comes to accounting for spirituality in people who do not profess a theistic faith. This is the case of a significant part of people with left-wing ideologies -who suffered some type of violence during the military dictatorships implanted from the second half of the 20th century in Latin America. Particularly in Chile, the civic-military dictatorship (1973-1990) was especially cruel with people of left-wing ideologies, many of them not ascribed to a belief of a theistic order. In this context, it is relevant to account for spiritual practices -differentiating them from religious beliefs- in relation to post-traumatic growth in people victims of political violence. For this objective we have proposed in this article the validation of the short version of the Parsian and Dunning (2009) Spiritual Practice Scale. For this purpose, we utilized a sample of adult people victims of political violence in Chile during the military dictatorship between 1973 and 1990 (n = 251, M = 60.85, DT = 13.40). To assess the structure of the scale, we estimated a confirmatory factor analysis (CFA). The reliability index was calculated (a = .85) and the convergent validity was assessed with a series of bivariate correlations between variables. As expected, the CFA reports an adequate adjustment to the unifactorial structure and the results show the significant relationship between spiritual practices and post-traumatic growth (r = .45), and between spiritual practices with religiosity (r = .29). Being the relationship between spiritual practices and religiosity medium-low, it allows us to conclude that although they are related, they are different constructs. From the analysis of the data, it cannot be concluded that there is a relationship between spiritual practices with age and income level. In conclusion, the short version of the Spiritual Practices Scale presents adequate levels of reliability and validity, so it is recommended to be used in the measurement of spiritual practices, especially in those populations that do not adhere to a theistic faith. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cancer has been defined by the World Health Organization as "a disease caused by abnormal cells growing uncontrollably in the body, going beyond their usual boundaries, invading adjoining parts of the body and spreading to other organs". Being diagnosed with cancer has been described as an experience with diverse emotional reactions and difficulties in adaptation, having psychological consequences, being most common depression, anxiety and psychological distress; but also, some patients present positive consequences after having a cancer diagnosis, such as post traumatic growth, which includes positive changes presented after the disease experience. Subjective appraisal about cancer has been defined as a mediating variable for the emotional response presented after a stressor, such as cancer diagnosis, treatment, or important changes during disease process (initiating and finalizing treatment, presenting relapse or remission, as well as when having control studies). The subjective appraisal can be presented with different thought content and styles. Thought style is referred as the way thoughts about the stressor are presented, it has been classified as rumination (thoughts that are intrusive and repetitive that also increase psychological distress), cognitive engagement (thoughts associated with problem solving and meaning finding) or avoidance (aiming to stop thinking about stressor or feeling associated with it). Depending on the thought style presented at a stressor, could be the emotional response (anxiety, depression, distress, post-traumatic growth). The aim of the present study was to describe the thoughts (style, content, valence and temporality) related to cancer diagnosis in a group of ten oncologic patients. To identify if differences between thought style, valence and temporality were presented. The study design is qualitative from a phenomenological point of view. Ten oncologic (different cancer type, clinical stage and treatment) patients were asked to write the five more frequent thoughts since their cancer diagnosis. Each thought was classified by: thought style, valence, and temporality (top-down, classifying the thoughts according to theory). The same thoughts were also classified in semantic units (bottom-up, classifying the thoughts according to their own contents), generating concerns from the content. Cross tabs were made to identify contents and temporality for thought style and valence, which were analyzed by chi square to identify differences between thought style, temporality and valence. The most common thought style was cognitive engagement, followed by rumination (almost same frequency). On what respects to thought style and temporality, rumination was more focused on past (causes and attributions of cancer) and future (uncertainty about death and treatment effectiveness); meanwhile, cognitive engagement was focused on present (to enjoy present moment and focus on daily actions). Chi square was made to identify if this difference was significant, showing temporality was significantly different in cognitive engagement and rumination. The concerns identified in study participants were uncertainty about future and disease, family (communication and wellness of the family), finances (due to expensive treatments), causes and guilt about having cancer. Thoughts that were more centered in present, were more likely to be associated with cognitive engagement. Cognitive engagement has been described previously as an important variable associated with post traumatic growth. Thoughts centered in the past and present were more associated with rumination. Rumination has been associated with depression and post-traumatic stress disorder. Because of mediating role of thought style in disease adaptation, emotional response to the disease, and the relation of this adaptation with the perception of quality of life in cancer patients, the design of psychological interventions aiming on promoting cognitive engagement by problem solving skills, meaning finding, and focusing on present could be a research line derived from present studies results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Evidence suggests that social crises impact mental health. However, empathy and access to information through social media might moderate its effect. This research examines the impact of empathy and social media usage and their relation to mental health among Colombians in two social crises: 1) the COVID-19 outbreak and 2) the Colombian national strike along 2021. Data from 314 adults were collected via eight online questionaries. Results indicated that participants in both crises spent vast amount of time in social media sites; positive association between usage of social media networks, anxiety, and traumatic stress measures; negative association between empathy and mental health indicators; and lower well-being and mental health indicators in participants that spent more time in social media sites. Moreover, regression analyses revealed that participants spending more time in social media with high empathy indicators and lower educational level are more likely to report worse mental health measures. In summary, this study has found that empathy moderates the relationship between social media usage and mental health in both social crises. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This qualitative study aimed to explore the meanings attributed to HIV and the experimentation of positive changes after diagnosis (post-traumatic growth) in gay men from Buenos Aires, Argentina. Fourteen individual, in-depth interviews were thematically analyzed by assigning codes to fragments of transcripts and organizing them along with themes. The mean age of participants was 41.29 years, with a mean of 8.42 years since diagnosis, three of them diagnosed in the last year. Most participants reported positive changes attributed to their HIV diagnosis, organized into three themes: a) changes in their philosophy of life, b) changes in their relations with others, and c) changes in self-perception. Some of these include greater appreciation for life and their own health, increments in healthier behaviors, strengthening of the social support network, and awareness of their coping skills. Such changes seem to be associated with the attribution of more positive meanings to HIV. The identification of post-traumatic growth can guide psychotherapeutic and psychosocial interventions in gay men living with HIV because it functions as a resource to cope with stigma and is associated with greater adherence to HIV care. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Dilemas Contemporáneos: Educación, Política y Valores is the property of Dilemas Contemporaneos: Educacion, Politica y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Posttraumatic growth is the psychological capacity to perceive positive changes in the face of highly stressful or potentially traumatic events and may be especially useful in buffering their effects in the lives of adolescents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Peruvian adaptation of the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI). A total of 2103 adolescents (50.7% male) between 13 and 19 years of age, who were exposed to some highly stressful event in the previous five years, participated in the study. Confirmatory factor analysis, factorial invariance, network analysis and correlation of the PTGI with a measure of well-being were performed. The best parsimonious fit was observed in a 21-item unidimensional model, the PTGI was shown to be gender invariant, and network analysis determined a greater measure of strength centrality in item 2 (appreciation of life). These results indicate that the PTGI is a test with construct validity, invariant, reliable and adequate to evaluate the level of psychological growth in Peruvian adolescents who suffered some stressful event during the previous five years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The Chilean military dictatorship (1973-1990) left thousands of victims among those directly affected and their families, who were able to develop various mental health sequelae. Objective: The present study sought to evaluate a predictive model of posttraumatic growth (PTG) that included political ideology, religious coping and rumination in victims of political violence during the dictatorship. Method: The study involved 200 adults recognised in the Programme for Reparation and Integral Health Care (PRAIS), which is responsible for providing support to direct victims of human rights violations and their family members during the dictatorship. Out of these, 104 were women (52%) and 96 were men (48%) ranging in age from 30 to 91 years. The Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, the Brief Religious Coping Scale, the Event-Related Rumination Scale and the Political Ideology Scale were used as instruments. Results: The main results indicated that positive religious coping and deliberate rumination predicted PTG. Deliberate rumination partially mediates between positive religious coping and PTG. Conclusion: It is concluded that positive religious coping and deliberate cognitive processing favour positive change in those directly affected by political violence and their family members. This reinforces the idea that victims of these violations manage to grow after these painful experiences. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article reports on three international congresses related to education. The Annual Congress of Philosophy of Education of the Society of Philosophy of Education of Great Britain will take place in March 2022 at New College, Oxford. The International Congress "The Word in Education" will be held in April 2022 at the Colomina Palace, Valencia, and is focused on the role of art, literature, and beauty in resilience and post-traumatic growth. The 20th International Congress of Educational Research will be held in June 2022 at the University of Santiago de Compostela and will address inclusive and equitable quality education in times of crisis. Additionally, the ECER congress is mentioned, which will take place in August in Yerevan, Armenia, and will explore the impact of global realities on educational research. [Extracted from the article]

The purpose of this study is to evaluate the relationship that socio-demographic and event factors share with posttraumatic symptomatology (PTSD) and posttraumatic growth (PTG) in people who lost their home in the earthquake that hit Chile on february 27th, 2010. To this end, 351 adults from 18 to 84 years old were selected, of whom 63.2% were women. For this study, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) and the revised Impact of Event Scale (IES) were applied, in addition to a socio-demographic questionnaire. This study shows that elements such as gender, age, economic income, change of location after the earthquake, and the reason behind the loss of housing bear a significant relation with PTSD or PTG. Results are presented, and their consequences for health promotion and prevention in survivors of natural disasters are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this article is to study the psychometric properties of the Argentinian (N = 156) Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI) version for cancer patients. It is currently the main instrument for the assessment of positive personal changes after experiencing a traumatic event. It was applied to 156 female survivors of breast cancer (mean age = 60.7, SD = 9.0) who were treated at a hospital in the city of Buenos Aires. Principal Component Analysis was conducted, which revealed five factors with eigenvalues greater than one, explaining 59.84% (α = .90) of the total variance. A Cronbach's alpha of .89 was obtained. Structural Equation Modelling was then applied to confirm its factorial structure. In addition, between-group comparisons and correlation analysis between PTGI scores were carried out, together with socio demographic and medical characteristics of the sample. The Argentinian PTGI version is a valid and reliable instrument for assessing posttraumatic growth in the Argentinian cancer population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study explores the impact of repressive violence during the last Argentinean military dictatorship’s on a sample of relatives of people detained-disappeared for political reasons (n=30) and people who survived imprisionment and torture (n=22). Facing of the experience from a political point of view, remaining socially active and positive social support are string elements in providing sense to the experience and generating a positive identity as a survivor. Viceversa, hidding and avoidance are related to post-traumatic symptoms, difficulties in the mourning process and a greater negative impact on basic beliefs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study was intended to identify the coping strategies and rumination styles that are related to the existence of post-traumatic growth (PTG), in a sample of 195 college students who experienced high emotional impact events. The deliberate rumination and religious coping strategies, positive re-evaluation and search for social support, showed a relationship with post-traumatic growth. In addition, a weak relationship between PTG and open emotional expression was found. These findings confirm the relevance that, for many people, religion, and the search for social support have in the capacity of extracting learning from painful experiences and, in particular, the importance of cognitive processes as positive re-evaluation and the so-called deliberate rumination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to evaluate, in a population affected by a natural disaster, the relationship of social and psychological variables with the psychological well-being and posttraumatic growth. Participated 446 people of the province of Concepcion, Chile, affected by the earthquake on 27/F, 2010. We used the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (PTGI), the Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) and the Flourishing Scale. We analyzed the relationship between objective severity of the event (material loss, physical damage to someone close and personal physical damage), subjective severity of the event (considering the event as traumatic or altered their lives) and dispositional optimism, showing that the interaction of optimism with subjective or objective severity contributes significantly to the prediction of well-being and growth, moderating the impact of these variables. In addition, we evaluated differences by sex, age and socioeconomic status. There was a relative influence of socioeconomic status on posttraumatic growth. This study shows the relevance of social conditions on the psychological effects of natural disasters and the importance of optimism to mitigate these effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most difficult experiences for a person, especially a teenager, is having to deal with disastrous situations. In this research paper are correlated the dimensions of the Collective Coping Strategies and Posttraumatic Growth in adolescents affected by the rainy season in the Atlantico- Colombia. A questionnaire of Paez, Wlodarczyk, Bosco, Reyes, and Villagran (2012) was used for the coping strategies. Concerning the growth, a questionnaire of Paez, Reyes, and Villagran (2012) was applied to 160 adolescents in situation of victims. Positive differences were found between the Collective Coping and Posttraumatic Growth, the results show a high level of coping capacity and good performance of men after the phenomenon occurred. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper was to examine adjustment to a diagnosis of cancer, cancer as trauma, and the posttraumatic growth process by reviewing the scientific literature. We first present Folkman & Greer's (2000) adjustment to cancer model updated by Holland (2002) and then review cancer as a possible cause of posttraumatic stress. Finally, we describe Tedeschi & Calhoun's (2004) Posttraumatic Growth construct. The review is concluded with a sample of different points of view about posttraumatic growth related to cancer, and with some suggestions about future researches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present the preliminary results of a study on posttraumatic growth in patients included in the Fenix II research project developed in the Burns Unit of the University Hospital Vall d'Hebron, reference center for Catalonia and the Balearic Islands. For the study we used the narratives of patients in both inpatient and outpatient psychiatric and psychotherapy treatment after discharge. Based on the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory (Tedeschi & Calhoun, 1996), semi-structured interviews were conducted with the Psychiatry Department staff working in the burn unit. This information was completed with narratives of patients during admission and early follow-up (up to 6 months after the burn). The results show that while few patients posed substantial changes in the dimensions of Meaning of Life and Beliefs in this stage of recovery, many patients reported the importance of the Relationship with Others and aspects such as Empathy and Social Support. Although during hospitalization data is inconclusive, many patients report improvements in the perception of themselves in the monitoring phase. The convalescence phase in which data were collected, seems too early to assess global Changes in Life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicooncologia is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)