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Copyright of Historia Agraria is the property of Historia Agraria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of eHumanista is the property of Professor Antonio Cortijo-Ocana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The document presents a dossier on the relationship between food and gentrification in Latin America. It emphasizes the need to understand the social phenomena related to food in cities, especially in the context of gentrification. It mentions that changes in food landscapes and consumption patterns are related to the arrival of middle-class sectors and the displacement of low-income residents. The concept of "food gentrification" is also mentioned, and two related components are identified: the transformation of popular culinary practices towards sophistication and elitism, and the presence of restaurants that appeal to aesthetic and consumption values recognized by diners with high purchasing power and cultural capital. The article discusses the relationship between gentrification and food in the Latin American context, highlighting how food systems are being affected by social processes that demonstrate their exhaustion and profound reconfiguration. It also addresses the implementation of public policies in disadvantaged and ethnically diverse neighborhoods for their commercial reconversion, as well as the diversification of urban food systems and inequalities in access to certain foods. The article concludes by highlighting the importance of this topic in the context of social and environmental transformations in Latin America. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Revista Latinoamericana de Estudios Urbano Regionales is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Chile and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

During the covid-19 pandemic, distance education witnessed a surge in credibility, popularity, and advantages; however, this change disproportionately impacted vulnerable groups: the low-income population, the disabled, indigenous groups and children of migrants. While research in basic education has been conducted, information regarding online learning experiences of female university students is limited, especially in relation to gender. Therefore, the present study surveyed 1 206 female undergraduate students from rural and urban contexts to analyze their experiences in distance classes during confinement. Significant differences were found according to context, with women from urban settings valuing the design of assignments and strategies, and instructional design, while those from rural contexts demanded greater attention from their tutors. In both cases, participants lacked prior experience with online courses and suitable learning environments. In conclusion, these disparities warrant further investigation and targeted measures to bridge the gender gap in distance education. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuestiones de Sociologia: Revista de Estudios Sociales is the property of Universidad Nacional de La Plata and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article delves into the provisioning strategies employed by low-income women in Santiago, Chile, to deal with the economic uncertainties that were exacerbated in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Provisioning strategies encompass both paid and unpaid work that women engage in to ensure the well-being of their households. To investigate these strategies, a series of qualitative follow-up interviews were conducted with fourteen female heads of households. The findings are categorized into three provisioning strategies: 1) caregiving, 2) resourcefulness, and 3) savings. These strategies are analyzed as a continuum of practices that are part of women's provisioning tasks. These practices do not conform to traditional distinctions between the public and private spheres, they adapt to the demands of the context, and they are not seen as transferable to others. Exploring provisioning strategies serves a dual purpose: firstly, it seeks to understand the economic pressures caused by the social context marked by high levels of political and economic uncertainty, and secondly, it allows us to analyze the economic adjustment practices that women had to develop to sustain life in a changing environment shaped by the cycles of the COVID-19 pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Spain there is a high incidence of in-work poverty, which has not changed much after the so-called Great Recession, despite its strong impact on the economy and the labour market. The first objective of this article is to analyse the evolution of poverty during the economic cycle between the previous crisis and the period immediately prior to the COVID-19 pandemic, using indicators with a poverty line anchored at the beginning of that period. This addresses the relative nature of the official indicator, which is calculated for each year, preventing it from capturing changes in the incidence of poverty over time. A second objective is to determine which dimensions are most relevant for in-work poverty and its evolution. Thus, in-work poverty is conceptualised as a phenomenon composed of an individual and a household reality, distinguishing between individual poverty (low-pay situations), household poverty (coming from in-work poverty statistics), and severe poverty (the conjunction of family poverty and low pay). In addition, the last purpose is to analyse the influence of economic cycles, both on the weight of each of the types of in-work poverty and on the factors that explain them, exploring which groups suffered most from the Great Recession and whether this was a temporary situation. Our findings were mainly threefold. First, in 2019, just before the COVID crisis, in-work poverty rates had not recovered from the previous crisis, especially in the case of severe poverty. Second, individual in-work poverty declines during the crisis, associated with an increase in the overall unemployment rate and a parallel increase in severe poverty, but partially recovers in 2019. Third, the most severe type of in-work poverty, where the individual and household dimension converge, has similar characteristics to household in-work poverty, mainly influence by the presence of children and single-parent families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Polis (07176554) is the property of Polis - Revista Academica Universidad Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional y Comparada de Relaciones Laborales y Derecho del Empleo is the property of ADAPT University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Extensão em Foco is the property of Universidade Federal do Parana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista CES Derecho is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper aims to explain the Bolsa Familia Plan and interpret its meaning in Brazilian capitalism. First, it maintains that its emergence was result of the pauperism associated with the increase of the overpopulation, the incremental adjustment with respect to the trajectory of the Brazilian assistance policy and of the internationalization of that policy. Second, it argues that its deployment was explained by the succession of its incremental adjustments from the trial-and-error process, and by its own internationalization. Third, it maintains that, as a result of his deployment, the program modified his initial management mode, which was expressed at a higher level of institutionality, massiveness and technification, which in turn resulted in his greater legitimacy and political gravitation. The PBF strengthened the capacity of the Brazilian state to articulate consensual domination and, with it, to mediate the subordination of labor to capital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Religación: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades is the property of Religacion: Revista de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lecturas de Economia is the property of Universidad de Antioquia, Facultad de Ciencias Economicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Psicoperspectivas is the property of Pontificia Universidad Catolica de Valparaiso, Escuela de Psicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Área Abierta is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Human Review is the property of Eagora Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The present article undertakes an analysis of a social policy in Argentina, executed since February 2020. Specifically, from the tradition of critical studies of ideology, we analyze the construction of "hunger" as a social problem, its actors and agencies, expressed in the written informative materials handed out to the beneficiaries of the "Alimentar Card" in the city of Córdoba. This debit card is destined to poor families, for the purchase of food. We study how discourse allows visualizing, as symptoms, the class bias and ideological truths consolidated around the eating of poor people in Capitalist Realism. For this, we approach the public event in which the Alimentar Card was distributed, and analyze specifically the informative materials given to assistants. The case identifies ideological principles of capitalism, central to questioning current democracies and policies, such as the ideas of shortage, infantilization of the poor and individual resolution of poverty though consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saint Francis expressed the essence of a fraternal openness that allows us to acknowledge, appreciate and love each person, regardless of physical proximity, regardless of where he or she was born or lives. This saint of fraternal love, simplicity and joy, inspired me to write the Encyclical Laudato Si’, and prompts the Pope once more to devote this new Encyclical to fraternity and social friendship. The following pages do not claim to offer a complete teaching on fraternal love, but rather to consider its universal scope, its openness to every man and woman. The Pope offer this social Encyclical as a modest contribution to continued reflection, in the hope that in the face of present-day attempts to eliminate or ignore others, we may prove capable of responding with a new vision of fraternity and social friendship that will not remain at the level of words. This paper presents the main concepts of the Papal encyclical on fraternity and social friendship and the social efforts and requirements for develop bonds in support of poor people discriminates in their human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The years 2020-22 were critical for the world due to the COVID-19 pandemic. In the Latin American region, it evidenced the complex and acute reality, characterized by poverty, vulnerabilities, inequalities, exclusions and inequities, scarce resources and a survival crisis, with poor public health management that is moving from the pandemic to the syndemic, a situation that left many families affected or without their loved ones. Objective: Establish the context of social policies between the pandemic and the syndemic, by identifying the tensions in undergraduate academic training caused by the syndemic. Method and techniques: The article has a reflective and systematizing scope that combines the descriptive and interpretative, it goes from the abstract to the concrete, from the deductive to the inductive, it combines the general and the particular. The techniques used were content analysis, participatory observation, and students and teachers, with a critical and participatory approach through research and teaching carried out during the syndemic to date, experienced the combination with the testimony of what. Conclusion: COVID-19 evidences the existence of a syndemic, and not just a pandemic, which allows us to understand the tensions caused in undergraduate education, due to the incidence of exacerbation of precarious economic, social, cultural, environmental, and political conditions. associated with poverty, low schooling, lack of basic services, inequalities, exclusion, discrimination, inequities, low wages, unemployment and other conditions that generate new poor people and affect vulnerable social sectors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Cultura y Religión is the property of Miguel Angel Mansilla Aguero and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sexualidad, Salud y Sociedad: Revista Latinoamericana is the property of Editora da Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro (EdUERJ) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article we develop the main findings obtained from an investigation on the life projects of school adolescents from poor neighborhoods in the city of San Luis. Our main objective was to understand the meanings that these adolescents build around the realization of their life projects, as well as the role played by adults and social institutions in relation to the subject. For this we use a qualitative approach, which through personalized interviews and field records allowed us to establish two large categories around which these meanings revolve. The first one that combines the conceptions of life projects according to the lived realities; and a second that shows the role played by subjective support networks for the construction of such projects. This made it possible for us to understand the life project of young people as a complex and multi-configured problem: the socio-institutional conditions that order the possibilities of graduation; the discharges as spiral processes and the discharges as collective compositions. Thus, the life project emerges as a project of struggle in the popular sectors where "the right" to a future is claimed at the same time that it creates it. This framework of meanings and meanings gains strength for the redefinition of the notion of life project, to think about it in a way located in the popular sectors, where the central nucleus is to sustain the future from the struggle and the ability to fight. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Household equivalence scales serve a key role in measuring income poverty. This paper analyzes poverty trends and levels under a set of alternative equivalence scales for Argentina and explores how the use of different scales modifies the demographic composition of the poor population. Results suggest that poverty levels are indeed affected by the choice of the scale, although trends are robust. There is evidence of changes in the demographic profile of the poor in favor of certain household types according to the scale employed. Results depend on how the poverty line is set. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes the impact of the feedback relationship that exists between inflation, its uncertainty, and the economic growth of the two main Latin American economies. A Bivariate Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity model is developed, which also allows the identification of asymmetric impacts on the conditional volatility of the product and inflation, the sample period corresponds to January 1985 to June 2019. Additionally, causality tests are developed to identify the fulfillment of the main hypotheses raised. Among the main findings is the verification of the Friedman-Ball hypothesis for both countries in most of the lags. Regarding the second hypothesis, it is found that the central bank of Mexico has presented a stabilizing behavior, while in the Brazilian case an opportunistic behavior has been identified. In the third hypothesis, no causal relationship of inflationary uncertainty towards economic growth is identified, in the case of Mexico; while, in the case of Brazil, an ambivalent causality has been identified, regarding the number of lags. Finally, in the fourth hypothesis we find results that corroborate, mainly for both economies, a positive effect from inflation on economic growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Calidad en la Educación is the property of Consejo Nacional de Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Saber, Ciencia y Libertas is the property of Saber, Ciencia y Libertad and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this article, Mercedes Laura García Bachmann offers a reaction to the Joint Message for the Protection of Creation issued by leaders of important Christian denominations. The author evaluates the contributions that feminist and ecofeminist theologies would have made to the document, pointing out that gender, class, ethnicity, and other oppressions affecting poor people are not considered, nor is the intersection between these oppressions and the abuse of the planet. The author provides a contextual reading of the message and proposes complementing it from a feminist perspective. The article concludes that it is necessary to address the structural causes of the ecological crisis, including patriarchal discrimination, and evaluate gender biases in Christian theologies and practices. [Extracted from the article]

The present article undertakes an analysis of a social policy in Argentina, executed since February 2020. Specifically, from the tradition of critical studies of ideology, we analyze the construction of "hunger" as a social problem, its actors and agencies, expressed in the written informative materials handed out to the beneficiaries of the "Alimentar Card" in the city of Córdoba. This debit card is destined to poor families, for the purchase of food. We study how discourse allows visualizing, as symptoms, the class bias and ideological truths consolidated around the eating of poor people in Capitalist Realism. For this, we approach the public event in which the Alimentar Card was distributed, and analyze specifically the informative materials given to assistants. The case identifies ideological principles of capitalism, central to questioning current democracies and policies, such as the ideas of shortage, infantilization of the poor and individual resolution of poverty though consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper states results from a research project focused on the analysis of school trajectories and access to Secondary School by youngsters from low income sectors of the city of Cordoba. Understanding that analysis and assessment of educational accessibility guidelines during pandemic must take especially into account the views, experiences and meanings of its target population, we analyze a set of interviews conducted at a secondary school during May 2021. Our findings indicate the relevance of school agents and their key role in sustaining their schooling. However, we also address some minor statements that take a critical stance towards the quality of learning processes and strategies implemented, providing significant elements to reflect about educational continuity during pandemic within a fragmented school system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Bitácora Urbano/Territorial is the property of Bitacora Urbano/Territorial and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Causes that generate migration, establish the differences between the sending and receiving countries of migrants, some 100 million more people fell into extreme poverty as a result of the pandemic (COVID-19), climate change may push up to 132 million people into extreme poverty by 2030, the majority of the poorest people in the world will live in situations characterized by fragility, conflict and violence, triggering large migratory flows, taking as a reference a great inequality. You cannot compare the lifestyles of the developed worlds, especially in Western countries, where waste is common, where money is the god that is venerated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In his biography of Camilo Torres, historian Walter Broderick (1996) describes the Order of Preachers as obscurantist, and its members as ignorant and living off the superstitious practices of the country's most underprivileged classes. This statement serves as a pretext for the introduction to an exercise of historical analysis on the decline, disappearance and subsequent restoration of the Order of Preachers in Colombia. The aim is to propose a periodization of the order in the country during the twentieth century. From the confrontation of primary and secondary sources, it seeks to highlight the social and political dynamics that led, simultaneously, to the construction of the republic and the decline of the religious orders in the country. Afterwards, in a more extensive way, the process of restoration of the Order between 1881 and 1965 will be presented, through the three phases that have been identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mainstream economic theory is replete with assumptions that feed into structural or systemic racism. It supports an economic system that severely disadvantages people at the lower end of the socio-economic spectrum, which in the U.S. includes a disproportionate number of Hispanics, indigenous people, and descendants of slaves ((would Afro-Americans be more appropriate?)). The paper discusses 15 such assumptions that are generally trivialized, including the crucial role information costs play in decision making. In turn, costly information implies that its acquisition by poor people requires a greater share of their income, making it more difficult for them to make well-informed decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Spal: Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla is the property of Spal. Revista de Prehistoria y Arqueologia de la Universidad de Sevilla and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estudios Politicos (01215167) is the property of Universidad de Antioquia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Gastronomy is a thriving economic activity in Spain within the framework of a tourist destination of international excellence. Thought and philosophy allow us a critical analysis of the reality by means of Foucault's method of archeogenealogy. For this, two antagonistic realities are presented as a starting point: business sector practices and the precarious employment of the sector. The analysis of the discourses is carried out to gather two realities that coexist in the same space but do not represent a classic conflict of collective bargaining. In this study it is demonstrated that the dominant discourse of gastronomic power generates new poor people in the labor market and indicates a gastronomic work ethic incompatible with a sustainable growth of the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Pedagogicos (Valdivia) is the property of Estudios Pedagogicos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focused on women's narratives, from their role as partners and daughters accompanying male migrant day laborers engaged in sugarcane cutting. The objective was to explore masculinity practices concerning discrimination, work, partnership, and paternity; during their stay in the migrant shelter in Colima, Mexico. The method was qualitative. The data collection techniques were: focused interview based on an interview script and participant observation in the migrant shelter through the systematic recording of the field diary. The participants were seven women between 20 and 35 years of age. For the data analysis, we elaborated the following categories: characterization of the context and the migrant day laborers, discrimination, work, partnership, and paternity. The results show discrimination that migrant day laborers are subject to by the host community since they belong to indigenous, migrant, and impoverished peoples. In addition, they point out how social structures construct masculinity practices involving the malleability of their bodies to adjust to social norms of gender, race, ethnicity and socioeconomic status, being regarded as "destined" to strenuous physical labor and resistant to long working hours, which is related to the fact that they are perceived as absent figures such as partners and fathers in the family dynamics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Feministas is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This interdisciplinary research examine the characteristics of criminal risk's discursive representation on Venezuelan newspapers during the called Puntofijismo (1958-1998), considering since the beginning three historic periods: the breakout, the agreement and the readjustment. Through a systematic search on three newspapers of high national impact, we decided to establish propositions which let us a semantic description of texts on different levels. The results show that between 1958 and 1968, communism was represented like a main potential criminal threaten, while between 1968 and 1989 was the poor people and poverty. In the last period, between 1989 and 1998, the decadence in social institutions result in anomia, transforming the social structure in the main promoter of criminal risk because its own incapability to keep the population safe. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Aposta is the property of Aposta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

"Never offer to the rich/and may the poor never lack" These verses by Martín Fierro -a masterpiece of Argentine gaucho narrative-represent the Monte de Piedad in Buenos Aires and its development. In a way, they essentialize the social function of this institution that provides credit to the underprivileged sectors of society. Besides, this affirmation allows to identify its author, José Hernández, as a member of the entity's Board of Directors and a tenacious defender of its continuity. This article is based on the antecedents of the pledge credit and the role played by the native montepíos in the mid-19th century. Its focused in the study of the origin and trajectory of Monte de Piedad in Buenos Aires, as an institution which alleviated the hardships of the vulnerable sectors, both natives and immigrants, and prevented them from being victims of usury. Both macro and micro perspectives converge in this analysis. Firstly, the argentine economic and financial situation is taken into account to get to Buenos Aires' province evaluation. Secondly, the history of this entity's social function is examined since it was founded in 1877 (under the Bank of the Province of Buenos Aires), to its incorporation a decade later into the municipal patrimony and its conversion into the Municipal Bank of Loans, in 1904. The article starts with a bibliographic review of this particular subject. The proposed objective is achieved by analyzing diverse primary sources (Minutes Books, Memories and balances, Organic Letters, Institution Regulations, Journal of Sessions of the Buenos Aires Legislature and the Deliberative Council of the city of Buenos Aires) as well as the main periodical publications of the time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Beatitudes, the promise of happiness to the poor is polemic since it is obvious that they face very hard living conditions. This paper focus on the relationship between happiness, religiousness and economic situation, poverty or wealth, in two groups of districts in Peru: the poorest and the richest ones, ie the opposite. While Luke's statement «Happy are the poor" seems to be incorrect in an empiric sense --real poor people are often less happy than rich ones--, Matthew's statement «Happy are the poor in spirit" seems to find empirical support, at least if it is understood as Gustavo Gutiérrez does. In summary, fieldwork made on surveys endorses Gutiérrez interpretation on the happiness of those who identified themselves as spiritual poor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building on the notion that economic ideas matter when they generate critiques, we study nineteenth century public debates on pauperism in Chile focusing on the role played by contemporary national economists. When analyzing the economic debates on the cuestión social in the country, we consider the country's reception of Malthusianism. Our analysis is based on the legacy of French economic liberalism. We focus on the work of the Chilean successors of Jean Gustave Courcelle-Seneuil: Zorobabel Rodríguez, Manuel Miquel, Miguel Cruchaga, and Marcial González. We find that the opposition economists faced in Chile was related to their diagnoses of this problem, as well as to their laissez faire policy proposals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]