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The foundation of the Universidad Nacional de los Estados Unidos de Colombia in 1868 occurred almost a decade after the publication of Darwin's Origin of Species (1859); in the Escuela de Ciencias Naturales, courses were given that included themes of plant geography, geology and paleontology. ¿Would these courses follow the paradigm of natural history inherited from the botanical expedition of the Nuevo Reino de Granada, or would they be contextualized in the modern biological tradition, interpreting nature within the background of evolutionary theories that emerged during the 19th century? This investigation consulted primary and secondary historical sources to determine if between 1868 and 1875, the mentioned courses had an essentialist-catastrophist, or a Lamarckian or Darwinian evolutionist background. The analysis allowed us to conclude that these courses had as primary sources French and Spanish texts, particularly De Candolle and Orbigny, and circumscribed to the mainly catastrophic and essentialist French school. Although the courses could discuss some issues related to the origin of species, surely, they did not do so in a Darwinian context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of renewable energy sources has increased exponentially worldwide. Cuba has implemented a program until 2030 where renewable sources play a fundamental role within the national energy matrix. The policy regarding the installation of solar plants has been to connect small plants of up to 5 MW, mainly in distribution networks. In this work an optimization algorithm is developed to identify the best connection points of small solar plants in distribution networks. The algorithm solves the problem through a power flow combined with a full N-P allocation model. The goal of the algorithm is obtaining the best points to connect solar plants in buses of a radial distribution network at to minimize total active power losses or the deviation of voltage profile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The flora and vegetation studies that have been carried out in the El Retiro Natural Reserve have been limited to some of its sectors, so there is still no information regarding the structure of it's plant formations and the relationship between them. Therefore, the objective of this investigation was characterize the vegetation of this protected area. The following aspects were analyzed: dominant species, stratification and distribution in all types of vegetation. It obtained a map with a greater level of detail of the distribution of the plant formation in the area. Seven types of vegetation were identified, of which the secondary scrub in semideciduous microphyll forest ecotopes and the secondary scrub in coastal and precoastal scrub ecotopes resulted in new vegetation records for the reserve. The coastal and precoastal scrub and the semideciduous microphyll forest were the richest plant formations in number of species and endemic. In the biological similarity analysis, these turned out to be the ones with the highest affinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The case of an arid Northwest city of Mexico is studied with the general objective of assessing the influence of the percentage of vegetation cover (VC) in Land Surface Temperature (LST) and mapping its spatial distribution, through a geographic information system using remote sensing data. Results showed: 1) on average, 12% (min. 0 to max. 59%) of a city block is covered with vegetation, 38% of the blocks had % VC ≤ 10; 2) the LST regression model estimated temperatures range from 37 to 45°C, the main explanatory variable was % VC, increasing % VC in 10 is associated with cooling effect of 1.1 °C. The spatial heterogeneity in the distribution of LST can be interpreted as the human effect modifying the climate on a small scale; this creates internal diurnal oasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to characterize the vegetation of the montane yunga forests in the south of the Río Abiseo National Park (La Sata sector), we installed 14 0.1 ha plots in four vegetation types: grassland, forests with trampled understory, forest on slope and remnant forest. The first three forests had a variable anthropogenic use before the establishment of the national park in 1983. We calculated Woody plant abundance basal área and the distribution of Woody plants by diameter and height classes, we also determined the importance value index for each species. We registered 96 especies (in 48 genera and 33 families) in the four vegetation types. The most species rich families were Asteraceae, Chloranthaceae, Cyatheaceae, Lauraceae, Melastomataceae Rubiaceae, Piperaceae and Rosaceae. The most abundant species were Weinmannia latifolia C. Presl, followed by Miconia aff. firma J. F. Macbr. and Myrsine coriacea (Sw.) R. Br. ex Roem. & Schult. The most species rich genera were Cyathea, Miconia, Persea, Axinaea, Solanum and Piper. The distribution by diameter classes showed reversed-J distribution for all forests studied, suggesting an adequate regeneration process. Ecologically important species included Escallonia myrtilloides, Weinmannia latifolia, Miconia cf. neriifolia, Miconia aff. jahnii, Myrsine coriacea and Gynoxis cf. congestiflora. Our results showed that the floristic patterns for the La Sata forests are similar in composition and structure to other forest present in this ecosystem in Peru. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A simulation model is presented as a platform for experimentation in the logistics of the operation of a smallscale manufacturing / distribution chain, aimed especially at students and professionals involved in its planning, design and operation. In the construction of the model, several methods were involved: simulation based on agents and discrete events, in addition to the use of a Geographic Information System (GIS). The iterative use of the model allows evaluating the performance of different scenarios that are presented in the real world. It also allows analyzing different situations to develop skills and competencies for decision making under uncertainty related to size of the transport fleet, system capacity of production, geographical coverage of service to the demand and appropriate location of the manufacturing/distribution plant using a typical example of the industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distribution of the plant (layout), is a powerful strategy that brings with it the minimization of the total costs associated with the flow of raw materials and inputs in the organizations. Consequently, this research work aims to analyze the scientific production on Plant Distribution, using metrics to quantitatively show this production. To obtain data, the Redalyc search engine was used, which showed a sample of 79 articles, over a period of 10 years, from 2007 to 2017. Once the information was tabulated, statistical analyzes were carried out using indicators bibliometric supported on 8 metrics. Finally, the results indicate that the university that has produced the most production on this subject is the Technological University of Pereira in its journal Scientia Et Technica. In the same way, these contributions were made in articles with a number of three authors. Likewise, Colombia is the largest producer of articles and were developed in 2014. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The geographical distribution of Tillandsia recurvata ranges from the southern United States to the center of the Argentine. The aim of this work is to report the presence of this species 200 km south of its known distribution and to discuss the causes that may have led to this range expansion. M & M: Specimens were collected in different locations in the province of Buenos Aires. Herbaria collections, on-line databases and bibliography were analyzed to corroborate the taxonomic identification and the distribution limit of the species. Results: We present novel records of Tillandsia recurvata that extend its geographic distribution 200 km towards the South, being the locality of Tandil the southernmost site of occurrence. Conclusions: Because the dates of collection and observations are recent, we consider that this advance occurred in the last decades. Possible causes are discussed, such as climate change and lignification of the Pampas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant hormones are signaling molecules that are localized in different plant tissues and in specific amounts according to the process that they regulate. Changes in the concentration and distribution of plant hormones modulate the development and responses to biotic and abiotic stress. Autophagy, which means self-digestion, is a mechanism that degrades damaged or toxic components that arise from the metabolism, in order to recycle them and maintain the health of the cell. The most studied type of autophagy is macroautophagy which will be referred in this review as autophagy. In this process, double membrane vesicles called autophagosomes are formed to enclose damaged or unwanted cell cargo, which is later deposited for its degradation into the vacuole, from where the cell recovers amino acids, lipids and proteins. Indeed, communication between plant hormones and autophagy has been observed during development and growth, senescence and programmed cell death. In this review we discuss the advances in the understanding of the role of plant hormones involved in the modulation of autophagy in plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta información acerca del Balanophoraceae, un tipo de planta floreciendo, incluyendo Helosis cayennensis; sus características físicas y su distribución geográfica.

Se presenta información acerca de Gochnatieae, un subfamilia de la familia del aster, incluyendo su distribución geográfica en México y sus diferentes especies, incluyendo Nahuatlea hypoleuca y Nahuatlea magna.

There are numerous maps of the spontaneous vegetation of Argentina. However, a country-level map with enough detail to discriminate vegetation units within the phytogeographic provinces described by Cabrera (1976) is lacking. We analyzed vegetation descriptions published in recent decades, with special attention to those that produced physiognomic-floristic maps. As a result of this analysis, here we present a physiognomic-floristic map of spontaneous vegetation of Argentina that shows the heterogeneity within phytogeographic provinces. The map has 50 vegetation units as subdivisions of the phytogeographic ecotone and provinces early described, and a brief physiognomic-floristic description of each ecotone, province and vegetation unit. We propose a nomenclature of each vegetation unit based on dominant type of spontaneous vegetation and characteristic species and present digital cartographic material. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta información acerca de la familia Aristolochiaceae, un grupo de plantas florecidas, incluyendo su distribución geográfica y sus varias especies, como A. brevipes, A. elegans y A. foetida.

Se presenta información acerca de varias especies de plantas de Montiaceae, un tipo de planta floreciendo, así como su distribución geográfica.

Se presenta información acerca de varias especies de plantas de Sterculiaceae, un tipo de planta floreciendo, así como su distribución geográfica.

Se presenta información acerca de varias especies de plantas, incluyendo Gramineae y Muhlenbergia, así como su distribución geográfica.

The mega phytodiversity of Peru includes native species of all types; among them are fruit trees, which despite having been consumed forthousands of years, still have not been subject to research to validate their use. Further research on these native species could determine whether the fruits being consumed surpass the quantity and quality of vitamins, mineral salts, and anthocyanin pigments. Thus, the aim of this study was the realization of a taxonomic, phytogeographic, and ethnobotanical inventory of the fruit trees in northern Peru. This research was realized through specimen collections made during botanical explorations of northern Peru. Later a critical revision of the specialized bibliography was conducted, and the findings reinforced with information obtained through personal experience and that of local and regional inhabitants. Forty-five species are reported, distributed among 18 families, chiefly in Ericaceae (7 species), Myrtaceae (6 species), Cactaceae (4 species), Solanaceae (4 species), Caricaceae (3 species), Passifloraceae (3 species), and Rosaceae (3 species). Of the species inventoried, 29 species (64%) are eaten in a raw or natural form, while 16 species (36%) are consumed raw or processed in jelly, marmalade, frozen, wine, juice, custards, and puddings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se presenta información acerca de Equisetaceae, un tipo de planta terrestre, incluyendo su distribución geográfica y su uso en medicinas.

The definition of limits of any geographic unit, based in the physiography of the landscape, is useful at the moment of developing environmental management politics and guidelines. Several authors have divided the Argentine Republic into regions according to the characteristics of native vegetation. The resulting units are known as phytogeographic provinces. The Monte Phytogeography Province is one of the largest ecoregions of the country and is defined as a unit where the environmental aspects are complex and difficult to categorize. In the present paper, a review of the limits of this phytogeographic province is made, according to bibliographic records of different authors. Survey trips were made and the collected data was georeferenced. A geographic information system was created with geodata and through records analysis, field work and adopting several criteria for its evaluation; the adjusted limits for the ecoregion were adjusted. A new map of the Monte Phytogeography Province is proposed for its use as input in the application of politics in the territory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Salvia is the biggest genus from Lamiceae, with almost 900 species. In Argentina it is represented by 23 taxa (20 species, one subspecies, and two varieties), four of these are adventive taxa, the rest are native, and one of these is endemic. Species are distributed predominantly in the north region of the territory, reaching the provinces of La Pampa and Mendoza as the southern limit of its distribution. Each of the 23 Salvia taxa present in Argentina is described and illustrated, and a key for their identification is presented. Three new synonyms are proposed, Salvia borjensis new synonym of Salvia nervosa, Salvia durifolia new synonym of Salvia ovalifolia var. ovalifolia and Salvia alba new synonym of Salvia personata, and ten lectotypes are designated for: Salvia approximata, S. arenaria, S. ovalifolia var. villosa, S. pallida, S. procurrens, S. reflexa, S. serrata, S. stachydifolia, S. uliginosa, and Salvia sect. Pycnosphace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Azorella is a genus with 26 species of Azorelloideae (Apiaceae) that grow from Costa Rica to the subantartic islands, being distintive and dominant in different environments of the Andean Cordilleras from Venezuela to Patagonia. The species of Azorella that grow in Argentina have been revised taxonomically in a previous study. However, knowledge of the remaining species is fragmentary and uneven. The aim of this paper is to update and standardize the information of the 11 species of Azorella absent in Argentina and present in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru and/or Venezuela. We provide descriptions for those species and update distributional maps, and we solve nomenclatural and typification problems for 41 names, designating 2 type species, 16 lectotypes and 1 neotype. In addition, we provide 10 new illustrations, and an identification key for all the species of the genus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cortaderia hieronymi and C. peruviana have been considered as two different species. However, different authors differ in their morphological limits and their geographical distribution. A Principal Components Analysis based on characters traditionally used to delimit these species did not show discrete groupings for each taxon. In addition, the study of type species and their original descriptions, complemented with field studies, allows to establish that C. peruviana is part of the morphological variability of C. hieronymi; therefore, their synonymy is proposed herein. A detailed characterization and geographic distribution of the species is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wild specimens of Vanilla planifolia represent a vital part of this resource primary gene pool, and some plants have only been reported in Oaxaca, Mexico. For this reason, we studied its geographical distribution within the state, to locate and describe the ecological characteristics of the areas where they have been found, in order to identify potential areas of establishment. The method comprised four stages: 1) the creation of a database with herbarium records, 2) the construction of the potential distribution based on historical herbarium records for the species, using the model of maximum entropy (MaxEnt) and 22 bioclimatic variables as predictors; 3) an in situ systematic search of individuals, based on herbarium records and areas of potential distribution in 24 municipalities, to determine the habitat current situation and distribution; 4) the description of the environmental factors of potential ecological niches generated by MaxEnt. A review of herbarium collections revealed a total of 18 records of V. planifolia between 1939 and 1998. The systematic search located 28 plants distributed in 12 sites in 95 364 Km2. The most important variables that determined the model of vanilla potential distribution were: precipitation in the rainy season (61.9 %), soil moisture regime (23.4 %) and precipitation during the four months of highest rainfall (8.1 %). The species potential habitat was found to be distributed in four zones: wet tropics of the Gulf of Mexico, humid temperate, humid tropical, and humid temperate in the Pacific. Precipitation oscillated within the annual ranges of 2 500 to 4 000 mm, with summer rains, and winter precipitation as 5 to 10 % of the total. The moisture regime and predominating climate were udic type I (330 to 365 days of moisture) and hot humid (Am/A(C) m). The plants were located at altitudes of 200 to 1 190 masl, on rough hillsides that generally make up the foothills of mountain systems, with altitudes of 1 300 to 2 500 masl. In natural conditions, distribution of the species is not limited to high evergreen forests, since it was also found in mountain mesophyll and tropical evergreen forests. The location of new specimens of V. planifolia in its wild condition reduces the potential distribution area by 66 %. This area is fragmented into three geographically separated areas. Habitat reduction was due to the increased number of located plants that define the environmental conditions into a more accurate level. Conservation actions can thus be designed and implemented, focusing on more specific areas within the state of Oaxaca, Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As a result of recent floristic studies in the highlands of Peru, we report twelve species for the Peruvian flora, such as Senecio aquilaris Cabrera, Jalcophila boliviensis Anderb. & S.E. Freire, Jalcophila ecuadorensis M.O. Dillon & Sagást., Senecio aquilaris Cabrera, Werneria spathulata Wedd., Xenophyllum pseudodigitatum (Rockh.) V.A. Funk (Asteraceae), Draba alyssoides Humb. & Bonpl., Draba loayzana Al–Shehbaz, Petroravenia friesii (O.E. Schulz) Al–Shehbaz Petroravenia werdermannii (O.E. Schulz) Al–Shehbaz, Rorippa beckii Al–Shehbaz, Weberbauera cymosa Al– Shehbaz (Brassicaceae) and Stellaria weddellii Pedersen (Caryophyllaceae). Type information, geographical distribution and habitat characteristics are presented for each taxon. Some phytogeographical aspects are discussed based upon these floristic novelties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As part of a study on the flora and vegetation from different localities in the phytogeographic province of the Yungas, we record and illustrate seven species that have not been previously reported for the Province of Jujuy (Argentina): Vallea stipularis (Elaeocarpaceae), Escallonia schreiteri (Escalloniaceae), Cyclopogon congestus, Rhinocidium fuchsii, Sacoila secundiflora (Orchidaceae), Campyloneurum angustipaleatum (Polypodiaceae) and Adiantum camptorachis (Pteridaceae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on morphological, anatomical, and phylogenetic studies within subfamily Allioideae, a new circumscription of tribe Leucocoryneae is presented including six American genera: Beauverdia, Ipheion, Leucocoryne, Nothoscordum, Tristagma and Zoellnerallium. A synopsis of tribe Leucocoryneae, comprising its description (as amended), a key to tribes, a key to genera within Leucocoryneae, genera descriptions and their geographical distribution are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre la familia de plantas florecidas Ochnaceae. Los autores describen algunas de las características de esta familia, incluyendo los estambres, las semillas y los sépalos. También se analizan varios tipos de Ochnaceae, incluyendo Ouratea curvata, Ouratea gigantophylla, y Ouratea lucens, incluyendo su distribución geográfica y su periodo de floración.

El artículo discurre sobre la familia de plantas florecidas Asteraceae tribu mutisieae. Los autores describen algunas de las características de esta familia, incluyendo la inflorescencia, las hojas y los sépalos. También se analizan varios tipos de Asteraceae , incluyendo Acourtia carpholepis, Acourtia dugesii y Acourtia hidalgoana, incluyendo su distribución geográfica y su periodo de floración.

El artículo discurre sobre la distribución, el origen y los usos ornamentales de la planta mexicana el maguey. El autor comenta sobre los magueyes en Oaxaca y Puebla y describe otros usos como usos textiles, medicinales y para hacer la bebida alcohólica pulque. El artículo provee varias imágenes de la planta.

El artículo discurre sobre la familia de plantas florecidas Commelinaceae. Los autores describen algunas de las características de esta familia, incluyendo las raíces fibrosas, las hojas y los sépalos. También se analizan varios tipos de Commelinaceae, incluyendo Callisia fragrans, Callisia monandra y Callisia multiflora, incluyendo su distribución geográfica y su periodo de floración.

Population assessment results from Chalybea macrocarpa are shown, the specie is considerate ENDANGERED (EN) by its restricted area, threatened is generated by crops and extensive cattle farming. The study was conducted in the Boyacá department (Colombia), municipality of Arcabuco, in three established localities using herbarium and literature information; field work made possible identified distribution, density and phenology like sub criteria, allowing identify the presence extension and occupancy area. We took structural data (height, coverage and DBH) to determinate the population age's classes. Whit the gathered information and the associated vegetation, the specie is recategorized with the B IUCN criteria. It is distributed to the northwest and southern in Arcabuco, in an area of 59.9 km², 4 km² of occupancy and a population density of 50 individual/km². Flowering and fruiting is continuous through the year, however, most of the flowering is from March to August and fruitingfrom Septemberto February. Age structure allows identified ten species between seedlings, juveniles and adults. Population is represented by few seedling individuals (10.6 %) and juveniles (20.9 %) versus adults (68.5 %). Finally, C. macrocarpa is upgraded to Critical Risk (CR B1ab (iii)). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the role played by Petalostelma robertii (S. Moore) Liede & Meve (Apocynaceae) in the ethnobotany of two ethnic groups from the Argentine semi-arid Chaco: the Wichí and the Toba-Pilagá peoples, who use it as a love spell. It provides data on the morphology, ecology and geographical distribution of the plant, as well as references on its significance in the social and spiritual lives of these ethnic groups. Its presence in Argentina is mentioned for the first time, and the morphological similarities and discrepancies in the collections made in different localities in the region are discussed. The provisional nature of the identity given to the plant is categorically stated. Its ethnobotanical interest and the need to assign a scientific name to the plant, at least an approximate one, are discussed. On the taxonomic and floral levels, the conclusion is that a detailed study of the exsiccata available is required in order to clarify the identity of a group of plants related to P. robertii. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new generic and specific record for the Argentinean Flora, Allamanda schottii Pohl (Apocynaceae), is documented. The species was found on the banks of the Paraná River, in north of Corrientes, Argentina. Synonymy, description, distribution, habitat, phenology, reproductive biology, common names, uses and observations are included. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Poisonous plants are considered those with substances with physical or chemical properties producing more or less serious alterations of the anatomic structure or the functional activity of an organism by ingestion and/or penetration or any other way of contact with the organism. Many of the poisonous plants are usually used as ornamentals or medicinal plants. For the present paper the plants were collected, pressed and processed according to the botanical standards. All the field information was recorded and later transferred to a data base. The families were alphabetically ordered. The species were arranged by family and for each family were alphabetically ordered. Each species has its scientific name, common name, origin, use, and altitude above sea level where it is found, in some cases the general environment where it can be found, description of the plant, poisonous parts, toxic compounds, toxic effects, treatment. Photos are given to facilitate their identification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to study the pollen profile of clover and eucalyptus honeys from the Phytogeographic Pampean Province of Argentina, in order to contribute to its palynological characterization. Qualitative pollen analysis was performed. Descriptive and multivariate statistical techniques were applied to determine the frequency distribution of pollen and characterize each floral origin by pollen and year of harvest. 81 samples of honey from four different harvests were analyzed. 41 morphological types of pollen were found, which variation per sample ranged from two to eight. Eucalyptus sp. was the taxon present in over 80% of the honeys. There were pollen of Helianthus annuus and Carduus sp. in clover and eucalyptus honeys but pollen of Brassicaceae was only present in clover honeys. Pollen spectra showed differences between the studied years. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo enfoca en las plantas de la tribu Liabeae, familia Compositae y especies de su género Sinclairia incluyendo Sinclairia angustissima, Sinclairia broomeae y Sinclairia glabra pero excluyendo la especie Sinclairia palmeri. Para cada una de las especies se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se cita su distribución geográfica y se describe su presencia y vulnerabilidad a extinción en la zona del Bajío de México y regiones cercanas.

El artículo enfoca en la familia de plantas Dioscoreaceae y su género Dioscorea. Para 12 de sus especies, incluyendo Dioscorea multinervis, Dioscorea lobata y Dioscorea convolvulacea, se indican las características morfológicas y anatómicas, se cita su distribución geográfica y se describe su presencia y vulnerabilidad a extinción en la zona del Bajío de México y regiones cercanas.

El artículo discurre sobre una serie de plantas de la familia Acanthaceae. Los autores describen las características de varias plantas de esta familia, tales como Thunbergia, Acanthus y Aphelandra, incluyendo sus distribuciones geográficas, crecimiento, colores, número de estambres y inflorescencia.

Spatial distribution of alien trees was studied on Pre-Delta National Park (PNPD-Entre Ríos, Argentina), by distance sampling techniques. Potential distribution was modelled by Kriging interpolation technique. Generated maps were overlapped with PNPD zonification map and environmental units map. We recorded forest structural data, tree phenology and tree control management actions, in order to characterize the processes of invasion. We obtained maps of potential distribution of Melia azedrach, Broussonetia papyrifera, Ligustrum lucidum, Brachychiton populneus, Fraxinus sp. and Morus alba L. The latter was the dominant species in all studied sectors (cliffs, islands and highlands). As for the management actions carried out with trees of the PNPD, about 50% of the specimens of M. alba subjected to mechanical control (banding technique) showed regrowth, indicating its high survival capacity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A review of the Lycopodiaceae from Argentina and Uruguay, based on the study of relevant collections from herbaria as well as literature, is presented, according to the new classification of 16 genera grouped into three subfamilies. The family is represented by nine genera and 23 species; all taxa are described and at least one species of each subfamily is illustrated; one species (Huperzia saururoides) is lectotypified and three new synonyms are proposed: Austrolycopodium assurgens under Austrolycopodium erectum, Lycopodium sanctae-barbarae under Phlegmariurus saururus and Urostachys selago var. aschersonianus under Huperzia saururoides. Lycopodiella alopecuroides and Phlegmariurus subulatus are excluded from the studied area. Keys for all taxa are provided, as well as the relevant synonyms and a synthesis of the ecology and distribution. The most diverse genera are Phlegmariurus (seven species) and Austrolycopodium (five species). In Argentina, the family is represented by 22 species distributed in the three subfamilies. The northwestern region is the richest area of the country, with nine species. In Uruguay the family is represented by the subfamily Lycopodielloideae, with four species belonging to the genera Lycopodiella (two species), Palhinhaea (one species) and Pseudolycopodiella, represented by Pseudolycopodiella meridionalis. The latter, Palhinhaea camporum, and Huperzia fuegiana s. str. are new records for Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A taxonomic treatment of the genus Diplolepis is here presented. Based on molecular and biogeographical information recently published, this group is monophyletic and its geographical distribution is restricted to southwestern South America. The study comprised the analysis of herbarium specimens including nomenclatural types, supplemented with collections and observation of species in the field. This paper describes the variation in the morphology of the genus, including habit, stems, leaves, inflorescence, calyx, corolla, corona, gynostegium, pollinia, fruits and seeds. The morphological and distributional differences between Diplolepis and related genera are discussed. A key to differentiate the species of the genus is here given. Within each species we provide the valid name, synonyms, description of vegetative and reproductive morphological characters, geographical distribution, ecology, uses, common names, phenology, iconography and specimens examined. A lectotype is designated for D. viridis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The morphological variation in vegetative and reproductive structures of Bauhinia mollis (var. mollis and var. notophila) and B. argentinensis (var. argentinensis and var. megasiphon) were studied. This detailed morphological study enabled us to correctly identify herbarium specimens and expand the geographic distribution of the taxa. New records of B. mollis var. mollis for Argentina and B. argentinensis var. argentinensis and B. argentinensis var. megasiphon for Bolivia, the latter considered endemic to Argentina, are here confirmed. Lectotypes were designated for Bauhinia mollis, B. mollis var guaranitica and B. appendiculata. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

New localities of geographic distribution for two grasses of Mexico are presented. Muhlenbergia filiculmis Vasey, a species known only in the West of United States is registered for the first time in Mexico. So is the distribution of Distichlis eludens (Soderstr. & H.F. Decker) H.L. Bell & Columbus, is expanded into a regional level, since it has been recently collected in Zacatecas, Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To better understand the potential distribution of Taxus globosa Schlecht., we used a conifer species with restricted distribution, listed on the NOM-059-SEMARN AT-2010, a modeling distribution procedure of maximum entropy or MaxEnt, based on 40 occurrences of field records and 39 REMIB -CONABIO records. Two different scenarios of geographical and environmental coverages--climatic and topographic--were proved statistically. The BIOCLIM variables scenario with topography data show a more accurate model in the range of 0.9 to 1.0 probability with a 55% coincidence; it was statistically significant at (AUC=0.985). Slope variable indicates an environmental variable with more influence in potential modeling, followed by Bio14 (Precipitation of Driest Month). In agreement with the MaxEnt analysis with 19 BIOCLIM and 3 topographic variables, the main plant communities in the modeling area (where Taxus globosa is distributed in Mexico) are pine-oak forest, oak-pine forest, pine forest, and cloud mesic forest. Taxus globosa is potentially distributed in Hidalgo, Nuevo León, Puebla, Tamaulipas, and Veracruz. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urena Pedersenii, a new species from Goiás, Brazil, is described. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tillandsia myosura (Bromeliaceae), new report for the Province of Buenos Aires, Argentina. Collected near Pereyra River, Provincial Park and Biosphere Reserve Parque Pereyra Iraola (Berazategui, Buenos Aires, Argentina). This species, known so far only for southern Uruguay and Catamarca, Cordoba, Jujuy, La Rioja, La Pampa, Mendoza, Salta, San Juan, San Luis, Santiago del Estero and Tucuman in Argentina, is cited for the first time the Province of Buenos Aires, expanding its southern limit of distribution in the country. A description and illustration along with a key to differentiate it from related species is given. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper includes four ornamental species of the genus Bryophyllum (Crassulaceae): B. daigremontianum (Raym.-Hamet & H.Perrier) A.Berger, B. delagoense (Eckl. & Zeyh.) Schinz, B. fedtschenkoi(Raym.-Hamet& H.Perrier) Lauz.-March. and B. pinnatum (Lam.) Oken, all naturalized in Argentina. The first three are new records for this country; for B. pinnatum, cited previously, its area is extended. Also includes an identification key, descriptions, distribution, ethnobotanical data, reference material and comments on their naturalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]