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This work addresses Mapuche history in one of its most dramatic chapters in its history. The reduction of the Mapuche population that survived the war of occupation of their territories (Ngülümapu) is a point of work and research that links recent history with the history of the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. In this way, the methodology and theoretical framework of this proposition, is built from the historical method, the work with primary and secondary sources, and the conceptual support from the colonial and subaltern debates, which propose analytical outputs to social processes and politicians that are studied in this work. We believe that in this way, the conceptual and epistemological foundations, which affirm this proposal, allow projecting this work and this discussion beyond the temporal and spatial margins, in which this proposal is framed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]