Search

This work aims to explore the constitution of the group of entrepreneurs of the Social and Solidarity Economy in San Luis, Argentina. For this, a prosopographical approach is made to the actors who carry out activities within the framework of the National Microcredit Program for the ESS (Law 26,117). The prosopographical approach will be developed in three possible and simultaneous reading axes; the morphological aspects of the collective, the archetypical and the stereotypes representations that are projected. The article systematizes the fieldwork carried out from 2012 to 2019. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An important yet barely explored line of research lies in elucidating how to enhance the critical performativity of Critical Management Studies (CMS) from higher education institutions. To address this question, in this article we present a case study of the Social Economy Laboratory (LAB_ES), a space created at the University of Zaragoza for the university community to experiment with initiatives and projects organized around the principles and values of the Social Economy. Specifically, the article identifies and delves into three key lines of action to promote the critical performativity of CMS from higher education spaces: (i) raising awareness among the university community of the existence of alternative forms of organization and management that are more democratic, humanistic, emancipatory, and socially responsible; (ii) developing closer collaboration between the university community and other stakeholders to collectively generate relevant and useful knowledge for social transformation; and (iii) promoting the engagement of students in alternative organization and management projects. In a context of under-representation of the Social Economy in the official curricula and research structures of Spanish higher education institutions, the article also draws some practical implications aimed at promoting training, dissemination and consultancy on Social Economy from spaces created within the boundaries of the university, but organized outside its institutional and bureaucratic rigidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of a case study about the Red de Intercambios time bank in Valencia (Spain) in order to analyze the effects that this type of initiatives have on community strengthening. The data have been obtained from methodological triangulation. On the one hand, we have developed qualitative techniques such as participant observation and in-depth interviews with key agents. On the other hand, we have used also quantitative technique though the exploitation of databases to obtain the socio-structural profile of the time bank members. Finally, we have carried out a structured survey about self-perception of the time bank members in relation to their experience in participation within the time bank. The results show that the members coincide in valuing the time bank more for its quality as a space for social participation than as a mechanism for redistributing their own time. In short, it is concluded that time banks contribute to community empowerment as they provide a framework for the development of skills, reciprocity, mutual support and satisfaction of needs outside the market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Este artículo analiza los cambios recientes en las políticas sobre la economía social y solidaria (ESS) de ocho países de América Latina: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colombia, Costa Rica, Ecuador, México y Uruguay. Se describen las reglas institucionales que limitaron o ampliaron la capacidad de los Estados para desarrollar las políticas públicas. Se analizan los avances en legislación y otra normativa, y los cambios en la institucionalidad especializada. La información proviene de una amplia revisión de documentos y bases de datos generados por instituciones públicas, académicas y organizaciones de la economía social y solidaria. Se concluye que este es un concepto polisémico, con especificidades propias de cada país, que se encuentra en construcción y desarrollo permanente. Se recogen las diversas perspectivas de la política para la economía social y solidaria, que se expresan en diversos marcos legales, así como la ausencia o presencia de institucionalidad especializada en los casos estudiados. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Social and Solidarity Economy, as a concept and proposal for social transformation, has been placed in contemporary scientific work. It is possible to identify, on a global scale, sectors that fall within this aspect. In our country, especially in de last decades, it is posible to identify experiences of this nature. Along with the studies in this sense have been identified. What are the opportunities and challenges of the Social and Solidarity Economy in Cuba? Are there conditions for the development of this type of experience? The main objectives are to present the international and national approachto the subject and the presentation of some experiences in our context. The novelty of this proposal lies in showing examples that move in this logic in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work contributes to thefield of studies of the popular, social and solidarity economy, betting on an epistemological and political perspective that brings together heterogeneous experiences. It assumes a common view that integrates different labor groups and identities, with the aim of contributing to its strategic unity and inquiring about its potential. Based on secondary sources, it reconstructs and analyzes the claims and demands of two organizations representative of the associated work: the National Confederation of Work Cooperatives (CNCT) and the Union of Workers of the Popular Economy (UTEP). It wonders about the content shared, the convergences and divergences in the agendas of both organizations and about the capacity of these actors to articulate urgent demands with the construction of a popular project "from below" that guides their struggle and at the same time stresses and permeates the state interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

It is urgent to make a change of strategy that successfully faces the energy transition to achieve the 2030 sustainable development goals, the armed conflict in Europe, the high price of energy supply and the high energy dependence at European and national level. In this scenario, the energy community, as a new legal entity, driven by European regulations, can be considered an effective tool to fight against climate change, accelerating the energy transition and guaranteeing a fair and inclusive energy system so necessary in our country. At the national level, the legal framework that regulates energy communities is insufficient. Thus, is it necesary a legal, technical and financial development to promote the constitution of such entities. In this paper, we study their legal nature, proposing, within the framework of Social Economy organisations, the associations and cooperatives as suitable legal formula. They have similar characteristics, provide environmental, social and economic benefits for their members, under principles of voluntary, inclusive and democratic participation; in order to improve the quality of life of citizens; in short, to work on behalf of people and our planet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This article provides a bibliographic analysis and review of trends on the subject of social enterprises in developing countries. The number of publications per year, countries, authors, journals and universities are taken into account. Methodology: Bibliometric techniques and tools were used: R, Tree of Science and a network analysis, which classifies the consulted material into three sections with a similarity in the image of a tree; where the root corresponds to classic documents, the trunk to structural documents and the leaves to emerging sub areas or trends. Results: The outcomes show three sub areas highlighted for future research on social enterprises: development, evolution, limitations of social enterprises, obtaining financial resources, organizational form and corporate social responsibility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Public policies to promote the social economy (Morandeira, 2013) have been progressively reformulated in the Basque Country over the last five years, moving from a centralized model based on direct economic aid to one that seeks to incorporate a more holistic, ecosystemic and local approach. In the path of the main studies that collect these regulatory changes at the state level (Chaves, 2019; Fajardo, 2019; Chaves et al., 2020), in this paper address the main changes detected in the implementation of public action in the Basque Country. In this new, more territorialized and ecosystemic scheme, to the implementation of all public policy tools, both soft and hard (Chaves, 2009), organizational elements are added that tend towards models based on the co-construction of public policies (Vaillancourt, 2008). A proposal for public intervention is presented in which a model is defined with measures in collaboration with social economy entities to TRANSFORM the local development framework, the so-called "transformative public intervention". Finally, based on this third intervention model proposal, "Hernani Burujabe" is presented as a pioneering experience in the Basque Country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social movements are the main actor of the Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE). In order to understand the synergies and conflicts between the SSE and the public sphere, it is of particular interest to analyse the relations between popular movements and government institutions. This article investigates the degree of cogovernance, in social policies, between movements and governments of the so-called progressive wave in Latin America. The subject of study is the Bolivarian Alliance for the Peoples of Our America - Peoples' Trade Agreement (ALBA-TCP) and its social missions, as well as the Continental Articulation of Social Movements towards ALBA (ALBA Movimientos) and its political training schools. This work is based on Participatory Action Research, developed over more than 7 years, with stays in Argentina, Bolivia, Venezuela, Brazil and Chile. There have been used the techniques of participant observation and more than 40 in-depth interviews with government representatives and militants from social movements. The analysed dimensions focus on defining conversational partners, spaces, decision-making models, funding and the educational method in the possible practice of co-governance. Regarding the results, it is worth noting that, despite the efforts made and the progress achieved in deepening the relationship between social movements and public institutions in social policies, in none of the Latin American countries does cogovernance exist in strict terms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to historicize the ongoing struggle process carried out by the Union of Popular Economy Workers concerning the demand for recognition of Popular Neighborhoods (settlements, slums, etc.). It represents a strategic effort that succeeded in institutionalizing itself within the Ministry of Social Development of the Nation through the creation and management of the Secretariat for Socio-Urban Integration, born and conceived within the productive units of popular economy and territorial organizations. This trajectory is interesting as an emblematic case of political, economic, and cultural innovation led by workers. Therefore, an analysis is proposed to assess its scope as an alternative economic experience and its relationship of co-construction, co-government, cooption, and/or tension with the State. To do so, a brief overview is provided of the state of the art of studies on Popular Economy in the Latin American region and its tensions with Social and Solidarity Economy. Subsequently, a study of documents and discursive records is carried out, focusing on: the semantic shifts from slums/settlements to popular neighborhoods, and from squatters/occupants to popular economy workers; the uses of urban space; and the institutional arrangements that were activated in the process, as dimensions of analysis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A fundamental agent in the promotion and strengthening of the Social and Solidarity Economy (ESS) is the State and its different administrations, as evidenced by historical experience and various investigations. However, the relationship between the two is usually dialectical rather than idyllic, synergies and conflicts coexisting in permanent tension. In this work, we reflect on this dialectical relationship through the analysis of a specific experience. In the first part, a brief theoretical discussion is proposed in which a type of relationship that is as symmetrical as possible is proposed, based on the proposals of 'coconstruction of public policies'. In the second part, the most extensive, an analysis of the so-called 'Ekonopolo' is carried out, a Solidarity Economy experience coordinated jointly by entities of the ESS and the Bilbao City Council. The analysis is based on a qualitative methodology, specifically on in-depth interviews with key agents (from the ESS, from the public sector). The enhancing and limiting factors for a co-construction of policies are identified, concluding that the inertia of state control continues to be a major challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the role that the woman-tourism pairing has played in marketing and local development during the health contingency. Methodology: This is qualitative research of an exploratory-descriptive nature in which the population under study was selected by voluntary non-probabilistic sampling and the comprehensive analysis is based on the principles of the LEADER Rural Development Initiative. Results: Evidence is provided that, in the Local Action Groups associated with rural tourism, the disaggregation of economic activities allowed the areas that operated in a pandemic to meet the needs of those that did not open, thus generating a multifunctional benefit; In addition, the linkage and publicprivate collaboration through multisectoral alliances established in the initiatives of the development projects, contributed to the maintenance of ecotourism services and local commerce, 38% of women participated in decision-making and in the offer of tourist services, agricultural and agro-industrial products, handicrafts and typical dishes. Limitations: Given the sanitary measures established by the Mexican Secretary of Health, it was not possible to include all the women who participate in tourist activities in the Volcanoes Region. Conclusions: The implemented scalability strategies have strengthened the socioeconomic fabric in the region and promoted local development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper shows the methodological process to create a new Social Balance (BS) model. This was prepared for the Superintendence of the Popular and Solidarity Economy of Ecuador (SEPS). The SEPS is an entity for the supervision and control of the Ecuadorian popular and solidarity economy (EPS). This model was created wtih a fourfold functionality: control, supervision, transparency and good government. Although it is the Law itself that requires the preparation of this type of report and its presentation to the supervisory body (SEPS). Methodologically, for its elaboration, the inductive method is combined with the deductive and the analytical one, beginning the work with an extensive bibliographical revision on the logics of operation of the social economy as a subsystem of the mixed economy, on its principles, as well as on its foundations. All this enabled us to lay the theoretical foundations of the model and subsequently proceed with its development, finally obtaining a new basic Social Balance methodology. Together with the aforementioned methodological development, the article presents the model, its composition, as well as its validation through pilot tests. In addition, although it is not part of this article, for the information report, an information loading application was developed and a first request was made with the aim of raising a baseline of regulatory compliance in terms of social responsibility. by the supervised organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The social entrepreneur brings the mindset, techniques, effort and dedication of entrepreneurship to solving social problems. Although the term is now clear, it is still difficult to define its characteristic traits in the initial context of the Mexican social economy. The aim of this research study was to identify whether the relation between values toward labor and servant leadership would delineate the profile of social entrepreneurs. This is a quantitative study using a self-administered questionnaire to a sample of 338 volunteer subjects (trainees and business students) from a Mexican public university. Based on descriptive results, we could confirm that the social values of self-transcendence and openness to change prevail in the profile of social entrepreneurs. The findings showed that the values of self-transcendence and openness to change predict servant leadership (empowerment, altruism and humility). Self-transcendence was a better predictor of servant leadership than openness to change, or else, social and professional skills weigh more than autonomous and renewed thinking. The social value of this research lies in maintaining social values and servant leadership indissolubly in the social entrepreneur profile to support the challenge of balancing the social mission and self-financing in environments where resources are scarce and social needs press. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this paper is to investigate whether social innovation has taken root in the last two decades in the social economy sector of the Principality of Asturias (Spain) as a key enterprise development factor in the current post-crisis environment derived from successive financial, health and geopolitical crises. For this, it is conceptually defined, firstly, what is understood by social innovation and its basic dimensions, reflecting on the extent to which the social economy sector can be considered as socially innovative. After that, the methodology and the main results of a study carried out through a review of specialized literature and a qualitative analysis through in-depth interviews with a sample of 21 heads of social enterprise, institutions or corporate entities linked to the sector in Asturias are presented. These results show how, indeed, the principles of social innovation are beginning to be adopted by the sector, albeit in an incipient way as a consequence of different weaknesses associated with its degree of entrepreneurship, organizational structure and development strategy. The paper ends by suggesting a series of recommendations that could contribute to the promotion of the sector as a whole and of the enterprises that make it up. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses the governance of territorial development, arguing that the social economy and cooperativism represent an effective way of managing these processes. A literature review is first carried out to identify the main variables characterising territorial governance. The synergies emerging between cooperativism and territorial development are then analysed, along with the role played by the social economy in responding to complex processes of territorial governance. Finally, the case study of Bonares, a municipality in Andalusia (Spain) that encourages territorial development by participating in a second-degree cooperative, will be studied. The paper concludes that the variables identified in the literature review as influencing the success of territorial governance processes are apparent in the cooperativist approach to governance in the municipality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The economic repercussions of the crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic on the economic fabric have been very significant, and it is still to be expected that a large part of them will continue to have an impact for some time to come. Although the effects have so far been partially mitigated through counter-cyclical policies - especially direct aid lines and subsidies - the negative effects have spread throughout the productive fabric. The Social Economy has not been immune to this reality and has also been affected, although at the same time it has shown a significant capacity for resilience, in line with what has been observed in previous crises. The aim of this article is to analyse and assess the different actions that can be taken in relation to the Social Economy to promote a speedy economic recovery, both at a general level and in the particular case of the Autonomous Community of Galicia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La literatura sobre estructura productiva y crecimiento económico muestra la relevancia de la industria en la expansión del PIB en países desarrollados y en desarrollo. Estudios recientes indican que el sector de los servicios modernos (servicios profesionales) contribuye a la innovación, al aumento de la productividad y, en consecuencia, al crecimiento económico. Este artículo plantea una discusión teórica sobre la importancia del sector de los servicios modernos para América Latina a fin de actualizar la tesis central del enfoque estructuralista latinoamericano. Los datos indican que, aun en el contexto de una transformación productiva caracterizada por una menor participación de la manufactura y el auge del sector terciario, se perpetúa la división internacional del trabajo, sobre la base de la relación centro-periferia. Los resultados muestran que el pensamiento estructuralista resulta adecuado para explicar el persistente subdesarrollo de los países latinoamericanos desde una perspectiva centrada en la economía de servicios. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the work is to know the contributions that the social economy and corporate social responsibility can make in the search for solutions to the current health and economic crisis, in order to avoid its most traumatic effects. To this end, we analyze the variations that can occur in three scenarios: in social and responsible organizations, in the changes of values in accordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), and in the transformation towards new economic and business models. In this way, the existing favorable elements are reviewed, such as the role of companies against the effects of the pandemic, the important existing international consensus -the Ten Principles of the Global Compact and the 17 SDGs- and the increased collective awareness of the importance of the public and the risks of the planet. The main contribution of the work is to propose possible strategies against the crisis, both at the macro and micro levels, on the basis that this unprecedented situation collects and stimulates pre-existing elements that now take on new dimensions. Methodologically, these proposals are generated in a debate where academic literature, examples of business actions, the results of surveys and in a outstanding way, the technique of documentary compilation and analysis of the discourse of experts in the field. Among the findings and conclusions, we should highlight the greater sensitivity towards the public and sustainability, as an element of development, and more receptivity towards a new business paradigm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this writing is to analyze the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG) of the 2030 Agenda, to generate a proposal about its integration into the environmental education, as part of the regionalization of their goals, its aspiration is that the topics in the schools can be punctual to create a sustainable lifestyle. To get the connection of the 2030 Agenda and the environmental education, each SDG was described and mixed with environmental education. Although all the SDG area focused to the sustainability, some of them doesn’t have a role in the environmental education, but it can be adjusted for integrate this in the specific information for support the nature, the economy and the social benefits. As final product, we get the proposal of the interaction of the SDG with the environmental education, as we can know the actual status and problems thar can put in risk to achieve the goals of the Agenda. So, at the end you can see how important sustainable education of the children and young people, and give some options that make this have quantifiable and real goals, supported by an international organization, to attain local and global results, to shape reasonable world’s citizens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, crowdfunding has become a generally used practice to finance, among others, projects that produce a certain positive impact on society and/or the environment. These days, crowdfunding could not be understood without the expansive capacity of social networks. Thus, crowdfunding has been able to use existing strengths in social networks and in its information tools to make communication easier and exchange knowledge between project promoters and potential contributors. The objective of this article is to identify the keys to effective communication, demonstrating how platforms like crowdfunding are a source of funding for social economy projects For this, a theoretical approach is followed through the review of various bibliographic sources related to social entrepreneurship, crowdfunding, communi- cation and social networks. Next it is highlighted which of them could be the essential com- municative components, extracted from the literature, that have to be taken into account in a successful crowdfunding campaign. These essential communication components are analyzed in a campaign on the crowdfunding platform "Goteo", to seek funding for solidarity projects to combat the effects derived from the health situation caused by the pandemic (SARS-CoV-2), in order to corroborate if the previously identified characteristics are present. In conclusion, this article aims to explore the use of communication as a strategy to obtain funds through crowdfunding and analyze how social networks can help Social Economy organizations to finance their projects through citizen participation. As well as showing the necessary efforts of these organizations to have effective communication channels to facilitate financial fundraising campaigns by establishing a valid decision process on communication and use of social networks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The current European and Spanish laws on public procurement procedures have expanded the possibility of reserving the management of certain public services, of a cultural, social and health nature, to non-profit entities or with more democratic and distributive structures, going more beyond the reserve already existing in previous legislation directed to centers for the insertion of the disabled people and social insertion companies. Through the legal analysis of the state laws regulating various types of Social Economy entities, specifically work cooperatives, labor companies and non-profit associations, this study shows that the requirements demanded of tenderers who wish to compete in reserved contracts in the application of 48th Additional Provision of Spanish Law 9/2017, of November 8, on Public Sector Contracts, are complied with by these and, consequently, their participation in this type of process should be facilitated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Science museums fulfill various essential functions for society: preserving and curating scientific heritage, informing the nonspecialized public of transcendent advances for the modern world, and facilitating discussion processes between different social sectors. A common conception of a museum makes us think of a space that exhibits objects to the public, but a broader vision gives us the opportunity to take their work far beyond the limits of a venue. We find the most important role of the museum in the very origin of the concept: the place of the muses, where people are inspired and interested to seek a closer relationship with the themes at hand. In this sense, science museums can build contagious inspiration missions, outreach programs in which they help new audiences build meaningful scientific experiences. Since 2001, the Science Museum of the Autonomous University of Zacatecas and the Quark Group have worked together to promote this type of effort in Zacatecas, Mexico. Until 2006, there had been numerous visits to communities in the interior of the state, however, they had a very limited impact due to their sporadic nature. at is why we sought strategies to promote a greater permanence of the activities. With this in mind, we created Fantástica: a Mobile Scientific Hall that took recreational-experimental activities to municipalities of Zacatecas between May 2007 and June 2009. In each locality, volunteers were trained to act as mediators in the Hall and to form science popularization groups aer it departed. e direct results of Fantástica were encouraging, but the permanence of the groups in their community le a lot to be desired. Se failure of this part of the project served as an incentive for a new initiative: scientific kits that in the last 10 years have activated more than 50 outreach centers in the state of Zacatecas and in Mexico, as well as the creation of valuable collaboration networks. e present work shares the experience, challenges and achievements of taking the inspiration of a museum far beyond its rooms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper seeks to reflect on poverty and economic inclusion in a specific sector; the LGBTI+ community. The analysis is based on the United Nations Development Programme and the World Bank’s LGBTI Inclusion Index. By means of a theoretical reflection, as well as a field study in the Guadalajara Metropolitan Area, the aim is to identify the impact that inclusion can have on the lack of opportunities and poverty of this group in productive age. As a conclusion it is confirmed that the lack of inclusion is a factor that can detonate poverty in a population of this group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: this research aims to study the Papagayo River Basin (PRC) in relation to environmental sustainability, local economy, and social citizenship. Methodology: it starts with a participatory diagnosis through three integrating axes: 1. Systematic observation; 2. Stakeholder mapping; 3. Use of a variant of social mapping, which consists of holding meetings with members of all the actors participating in the research (communities, government, and academic institutions) where a process of exchanges of opinions called "egalitarian dialogues" prevails. Results 1. Through the strategic alliance among the actors, the social appropriation of knowledge was strengthened; 2. The variant of social mapping, as a participatory methodology, enabled the exchange of knowledge between the communities and academia. Conclusions: 1) The communities that make up the PRC are committed to their territory to participate in integral development projects; 2) Promoting the social economy based on principles, values, and good practices is important; 3) Safeguarding the environmental conditions of the Papagayo River and all its tributaries is also a priority; 4) With the strengthening of conditions (2) and (3), access to rights is made possible and, with it, the construction of social citizenship. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: From 2003, Argentina developed a set of policies centered on the Social and Solidarity Economy. In particular, the social policy Argentina Works had a broad development throughout the country. Objective: The purpose of the paper is to describe and analyze the territorial application of the programs included in the social policy Argentina Works in the province of Mendoza during the years 2010-2015, based on the socioeconomic principles of the Social and Solidarity Economy and the social integration of the work. Method: The methodology used has been qualitative, with an exploratory-descriptive design. The instruments used were the documentary analysis of technical reports published by the national government and interviews with referents of the Ministry of Social Development of the Nation in Mendoza and organizations reached by the Argentina works policy, in different territories of the province. Results: The territorial application of the Argentina works en Mendoza policy was concentrated in the metropolitan region. The socio-economic principles of Social and Solidarity Economy in particular that prioritize the implemented programs are social production and circulation. Regarding the social integration of work, they present diversity in the integration stages and the dimensions to which they contribute. Conclusions: The Argentina Works policy was a relevant bet to tackle the problem of unemployment, it was halfway there, since the predominant conception of Social and Solidarity Economy was welfare and focused. In Mendoza, it reproduced the territorial concentration in the metropolitan region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Analyze the market and feasibility to trade the agrobiodiversity associated with milpa through Short Agri-Food Supply Chains in municipalities of Coacoatzintla, Coatepec, Emiliano Zapata and Tequila, Veracruz state. Methodology: The feasibility of marketing the diversity of the milpa in the local market was explored by structured surveys on use and management of milpa, food supply and demand, consumption habits and participant observation. Results: It describes the Strategies that can promote short agrifood chains as local, fair, direct, and sustainable trade alternatives. Limitations: Possible interactions with anothers relevant markets were leaved aside, such as those of Xalapa, Zongolica or Orizaba; and the participation of supermarkets and distribution chains is omitted. Conclusions: In the four municipalities there are trade alternatives for the agrodiversity produced in the milpas of central Veracruz. With its implementation, the participation of actors in the food distribution circuits would be reduced from seven levels of participants in the current agri-food system, to only three levels of actors in the proposal for the study areas. The success of short agri-food circuits is based on the productive capacities, distribution, and preference of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the Social and Solidarity Economy has found in social markets a strategy for its growth and strengthening. Social markets, understood as spaces where agents, experiences, resources and learning can be brought together around relations of production, distribution, financing and consumption based on social and environmental justice, reciprocity and mutual aid, are also experiences that allow the control of the productive processes that are articulated around them to be democratised and brought closer to the citizens. This article is based on the hypothesis that the climate for inter-cooperation that these spaces facilitate, in turn, allows progress to be made in the recovery of sectoral sovereignty in the hands of the citizenry. To this end, we have taken as a reference some remarkable experiences of the Basque Social Market in which, through intercooperation between various entities, it has been possible to make progress in terms of food, energy and financial sovereignty. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea that we live in a world that has made the economic crisis, by a social and political extensión and its main characteristic is dealt with an essayistic manner. It is intended to recognize their practices and narratives, those ways of concretely constructing imaginaries and symbols that naturalize the sense that the post-Fordist society is the only one possible, despite its risk management or its enormous capacity to generate precariousness and discrimination. In this context, the role played by the third sector is raised, a concept that amalgamates ideas, companies and people that operate in the social economy halfway through public policies and the companies, corporations and financial systems that characterize the global world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article addresses the management of public policies in Social Economy by analyzing the trajectories of the state agents from the Ministry of Social Development of the Province de Santa Fe (Argentina) during the 2011-2015 and 2015-2019 administrations. Firstly, we present the elements of the research design then we introduce the process of state institutionalization of public policies in Social Economy at the national level and the conceptual fframeworks used for the construction of the object of study. Subsequently, we analyze the objective and subjective dimensions of the trajectories, as regards the socio-demographic traits, extra-ministerial sequences, and ministerial sequences of the state agents. Among the most important results, we can mention the importance of University as an institution which provides legitimacy, skills and networks, with other civil society organizations; the different forms that the entrances to state work take based on specific contexts and demands of human resources and the influence of the trajectories on the specific management within the Ministry of Social Development, recovering relevant sequences and concepts. Finally, it is necessary to highlight that this type of research contributes to analyze public policies from a different angle, articulating the networks and skills of state agents with the social contexts within which their tasks take place. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article seeks to determine future scenarios as an alternative for peace-building in Caquetá, one of the regions most affected by the armed conflict in Colombia and facing enormous challenges in the post-conflict period. To this end, it presents a descriptive study with a mixed approach based on the phases of the prospective cross-impact matrix technique, involving a sample of regional development actors from the knowledge, power, productive, and community sectors. The results reveal that future events in the dimensions of institutional capacities, illicit crops issues, victims of the conflict, and the influence of higher education, constitute the most dynamic scenarios for peace-building in the region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bryophytes form a conspicuous group of the planet's flora, their ecological contribution in terms of species richness and coverage in many habitats is essential for the balance of ecosystem. In Colombia there is an approximate record of 715 species of Marchantiophyta (liverworts), which present their greatest richness in the Andean region. The study was carried out in the Chingaza National Natural Park - Suasie sector given its ecological and water importance for the surrounding municipalities. The main objective of this study was to determine the diversity of the liverwort community in the Suasie sector of the Chingaza NNP. For this, three surveys were made in transects of 2x50 m in an altitude gradient, in each transect the liverworts present from four phorophytes (trees and shrubs), chosen at random were sampled. The collected samples were identified for analysis of composition and diversity of the community. As a result, it was possible to demonstrate the variation in the composition and abundance of liverworts along the gradient, based not only on the estimated indices, but also on the association with the vegetation cover of each sampling site. With a total of 47 registered species, the high diversity of the sector under study is supported. In this way, the richness found in this gradient contributes to current and future conservation strategies for the park. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper aims to assess public preferences and WTP for policies addressing social inclusion. As a result of surveying 1250 residents in the Canary Islands (Spain) it has been found that society is highly sensitive to price, since people always choose to pay the cheapest option in support of social inclusion. In addition, the interviewees show a greater preference for basic income as a form of policy with a WTP of about 60 euros, while the WTP for other programmes related to awareness are less than 39 euros/year. The study allows to formulate a package of recommendations to increase the effectiveness of current policies aiming to promote a more inclusive and resilient society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Environment is current and has become a capital topic for any field of study or research. Accounting as a science that gathers economic and social changes cannot remain apart from the current environmental problem that our world is suffering and that is why we should not see Accounting as part of the problem but as part of the solution. The purpose of this article is to carry out a descriptive analysis of how traditional accounting includes the environmental aspects of an organization and how environmental accounting can be a useful tool for the social economy, facilitating the provision of information and the achievement of those objectives of Sustainable Development (SDG) focused on environmental aspects. For this, the economic and business functions that the environment can have are analyzed and how the different accounting regulations of the Social Economy have included these aspects. Among the main results it can be verified that the accounting regulations do not establish differences between conventional companies and social economy companies and that the contribution of accounting information by companies is far from being totally transparent, homogeneous and complete. The implementation of a conceptual framework of environmental accounting within Social Economy companies can be an opportunity for them and for the fulfillment of the SDGs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The third sector of social action (hereinafter TSAS) is, from a theoretical perspective, an elusive and fluid concept, especially in the European sphere. Debates and consensus definitions have been numerous to build a measurable, shared, comprehensive and comparable concept. These efforts have yielded remarkable results in the development and analysis of the TSAS. Now, the dynamism of social reality in the last 10 years has produced innovative and alternative responses from civil society that have impacted on the shared worldview of the conceptual frameworks, functions and actions of the TSAS. The TSAS has been configured as a hybrid relational space that develops in dynamic tension between citizen mobilization, social entrepreneurship, the social economy and community support networks. This tension, which produces multiple meanings and perspectives for analysis, is only understandable from the analysis of the plural responses promoted by civil society. The purpose of this article is to analyze this process in the 10-year period between the Great Recession (2009-2012) and the Great Stop (2020) produced by Covid-19. We must understand this hybrid relationship from the intensification of the care pressure that both crises have meant for all social organizations. This tension has spun from the dynamism of social movements in the Great Recession and the rise of neighbourhood-community networks during the pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article addresses the tension between the increase of the Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) as an instrument for businesses to gain legitimacy on their territories, and historically grounded cooperative practices as developed by the Social and Solidarity-based Economy (SSE), struggling as well for legitimacy. Our claim is that the potential tensions between these two ways of institutionalization do not lead systematically to confrontation or avoidance, but rather to three kinds of interactions. Some sectors of SSE see CSR as a further threat of isomorphism and an alignment with the capitalistic model. Others SSE organizations adapt themselves and hybridize their norms and practices. A third option consists in developing alternative practices leading to a «CSR from below». This considerable diversity in the appropriation of CSR by SSE evidences the ability of SSE to grasp this new form of reporting in order to adapt it to its own pattern. This diversity is partly hidden by the dominant discourse on CSR. Paradoxically enough, CSR contributes thus to reveal the relevance of SSE while contributing to its poor visibility. The article is theoretically grounded on the economics of proximity, institutional logics, sociology of the political work and public problems. Findings are empirically grounded on the existing academic and institutional literature on CSR and SSE in France, as well as on the fieldwork conducted by the authors in two French regions (Provence Alpes Côte d'Azur, Nouvelle Aquitaine and French Basque Country). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Social Economy (SE) is called to play an important role in the local development of the territories where it is implemented. In this sense, there are numerous links between the two, which makes it interesting to promote the SE from the different local/territorial public administrations. In this research article, we delve into this existing reality, which already has a variety of experiences. To this end, the first section of the paper reflects on the relationship between local development and the SSE. We will also delve into the various public policies of local entities for the promotion of the Social Economy, among which we will highlight the so-called "second generation" public policies, since they offer the possibility of fertilizing SSE experiences, while providing a satisfactory response to the challenges posed by territorial development. In the second section of the article, based on the models proposed in the Theoretical Framework, an analysis of 16 locally-driven SE experiences in the Autonomous Community of the Basque Country is presented, exploring their facilitating and limiting factors, with the aim of finding the keys for replicating them in other territories and thus drawing conclusions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both in practice and in academia, the contradiction between the social function performed by the Mexican savings and loan cooperative sector as a participant in the country's social economy and the almost non-existent practice of presenting nonfinancial information to its stakeholders is recognized. In this context, the objective of this study was to design a system of indicators for the preparation of the Social Balance Sheet in this sector of the Mexican social economy. The research carried out corresponded to a non-experimental mixed approach, where the Prisma methodology was applied with the content analysis technique, together with expert methods, the questionnaire technique and descriptive statistics. The main result achieved was the design of 91 indicators contextualized to the sector under study, which endorsed the need for a sectoral approach in its design to enable comparability and the implementation of common strategies for savings and loan cooperatives in Mexico, simultaneously with a classification of the proposed indicators into mandatory, complementary and optional in order to contribute to the achievement of the necessary flexibility of the proposal made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the experience of El Paseo de la Economía Social y Solidaria of the National University of La Plata in the context of the COVID 19 pandemic and "Mandatory Preventive Social Isolation" highlighting in particular the situation of Family Farmers who participate in it. El Paseo de la Economía Social y Solidaria is a marketing experience in which organizations of horticultural producers of Family Farming participate, along with artisans, honey producers, food producers, etc. It has taken place since 2011, ascribes to the values of the Social and Solidarity Economy of the University Extension policy of the UNLP. As a result of the pandemic and the "Mandatory Preventive Social Isolation", "El Paseo" went from having fairs located in different UNLP premises to an expanded spatial configuration with more than a hundred delivery points (addresses) located in the center of the city and the neighborhoods. This transformation implies a significant change since although the number of consumers increases and the spatial dimension of the market is extended, the cultural aspects and social and community interaction that the nature of the fair implies are momentarily suspended. These changes in the spatial, economic and cultural dimensions reconfigure the territory, generating a new insertion of El Paseo in the city. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article we analyze the technological and social transfer processes based on the experience of generating an associative brand, which was carried out in an articulated manner between the University, a local municipality, the Institute of Industrial Technology, the Entrepreneurs Club. and with a group of entrepreneurs. Especially, we focus on investigating the dynamics that have allowed its operation; the agreements with other sectors and actors, the relationships established by the university with the requesting entity, the operation of the team; among others. We question ourselves about the complexities of the interaction in the implementation of actions through a wide network of agents and institutions involved that includes different visions and conceptions. To do this, we start from a situated analysis that understands transference as a complex process that is not always built in a fluid and harmonious way, which allows us to conclude with the limitations and potentialities of the experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives Objectives Methodology The development of processes framed within the so-called Social and Solidarity Economy (SSE) has attracted considerable academic and political interest in Latin America, particularly in Argentina. Originating in the final years of the last century in a context of social and economic crisis, this phenomenon can be understood in empirical terms as a set of heterogeneous socio-economic experiences that have performed differently from the typical capitalist enterprise and with relative autonomy from state institutions as productive units that include associative, self-managed and democratic elements, as well as binds based on solidarity to other organisations in the field and their community in general (Pastore, 2010). The general objective of this paper is to describe the development of the SSE in the Province of Mendoza (Argentina) over the last two decades, seeking to detect the existence (or not) of a "configuration of social relations" (De la Garza Toledo, 2011) linked to this field. It is assumed that the development of a conglomerate of SSE organizations in a specific spatio-temporal context depends on the different subjects involved in it, which are connected to each other through a set of disputes and agreements, giving unity and identity to this socio-economic group. The analytical challenge of this work lies in recognising the accumulation of diverse experiences related to the SSE in Mendoza and identifying spaces of coordination between them that give them a certain unity as a whole. In other words, the aim is to transcend microscopic analyses that focus exclusively on the internal modes of work of a particular cooperative (Chaves, 1999) in order to concentrate on the processes and subjects of the SSE which, in a specific geographical environment, have made possible the emergence and constitution of new social subjects, different from those formed by capital (Rincón Gamba, 2011). This research is part of a line of work that focuses its attention on broad and heterogeneous empirical trajectories, most of which exceed the established institutional framework. The reason for this position lies in the empirical condition of the sector in Argentina and, particularly, in Mendoza; formal registers in this geographical space present, in many cases, outdated data and are not sufficient to capture informal cooperative practices, which have emerged and gained relevance over the past two decades (Gudiño, 2015; Roitman, 2011). Methodology The research approach is qualitative because its interest is directed at the ways in which the social world -the SSE in Mendoza-is interpreted, understood, experienced and produced (Vasilachis, 2006). Therefore, the data obtained through an inductive approach have been sensitive to the social context in which they have been produced. In specific terms, the research work consisted, in the first place, of compiling and reading information from secondary sources: academic articles, journalistic writings, institutional diagnoses and legal norms. In addition, there was another invaluable secondary source of information: a set of emails from the organisations that make up this network, which contained minutes of meetings and newsletters from these organisations. This was complemented with anthropological work materialised through a prolonged presence at various events associated with the subject in Mendoza between 2010 and 2015, in order to carry out adequate direct observation, not only to bring into play the ability to "see", but also to "interact" with the "other" (Ameigeiras, 2006:113), all of which took the form of ethnographic work condensed into field notes. With this material, over the course of 2015, four in-depth interviews were carried out, defined by means of purposeful sampling (Quinn Paton, 2002), given that people were selected from whom relevant and valuable information was expected to be obtained (Stake, 1998) due to their trajectory linked to the SSE. Most of these tasks and the access to detailed information on the actions carried out in the framework of the SSE were achieved thanks to the immersion and participation of the researcher in the very processes that were analysed. It was an interactive work between the one who writes and the subjects, descriptive and analytical. Finally, the systematisation of all the material obtained was carried out between 2016 and 2018. Results After the analysis of the entire SSE trajectory in the Province of Mendoza from its origins in the late 1990s until 2015, the work has found a line of historical and political continuity with roots in the unemployed movements and barter networks on the one hand, and the Mesa de Economía Social Mendoza (MESM, Round Table of Social Economy) and the Foro de Economía Social Mendoza (FESM, Forum of Social Economy), on the other. In other words, the main result of this research is the identification and description of a "configuration of the SSE" in Mendoza. This configuration began to take form from an initial stage of resistance and demands towards the state in a context of social emergency that encouraged many individuals to choose economic alternatives outside the catalogue of possibilities that were being considered at the time. For their part, both the MESM and the FESM were the political spaces that were specifically defined as instigators and promoters of the configuration of the SSE in Mendoza. In both cases, they were multi-sectoral networks. Another central aspect, as a basic unifying factor for this configuration, was the realization, in 2012, of the 5th Regional Forum on Social Economy, which ocurred together with the 2nd National Forum "Towards Another Economy". These events changed the form of work consid erably between the cooperatives, with the presence of various academics recognised in the field, as well as officials from the National Ministry of Social Development and other national and provincial agencies. A legal action was also carried out in the provincial legislature with the aim of the promotion of the sector. This meeting condensed the qualities of a revulsive "event" (Santos, 1996; Silveira, 2013) given that it transformed the fabric of the SSE, giving a certain unity and identity to the configuration of this political space. Finally, the configuration of the SSE took shape with the approval of Law N° 8.435, which condensed many of the concerns, needs and objectives that have been present in the FESM and MESM. Conclusions The SSE in Mendoza, as a configuration, presents porous limits. This is probably due, among other things, to the absence of major definitions of its work and its economic project, which stems from the high degree of social, political and economic heterogeneity and diversity that characterise the configuration. If this diversity gives it a plurality of voices, it also feeds organisational fragmentation. In other words, the intersectoriality and flexibility of this field, which have been highlighted by the subjects themselves as instigating qualities of organisation, have, over time, become obstacles that prevent some progress for the SSE in the province, as in the case of the effective implementation of Law No. 8.435, a difficulty that cooperativism has also encountered elsewhere in Latin America (Da Ros, 2007). Original Value and Limitations The plurality of the configuration of SSE in Mendoza makes it possible to consider a large number of informal experiences that are part of it, which, among other things, is expressed in the limitation that takes the form in a high degree of instability of the whole process. For this reason, the objective of understanding a process such as this requires an in-depth approach to "what really exists" (Mora and Hinkelammert, 2005), an issue resolved by means of an interpretative analysis using a qualitative methodology. However, it is necessary to dimension the size of the SSE configuration in Mendoza, which will allow us to better understand the impact of its activity (Carrasco and Buendía-Martínez, 2013) and, from there, to dynamise decision-making of the configuration in general, as well as the adjustment of public policies for the sector, among other ways. This paper constitutes a starting point in this pending task, while at the same time providing some analytical tools for research in other geographical spaces with similar characteristics, the main contribution of this research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives The current economic and social model needs to be reoriented toward more sustainable models, where Social Economy firms can be more efficient and sustainable. It is fundamental to delve into the management of Social Economy entities and explain their behaviour and contribution to sustainability. Therefore, the aim of this study is to present a theoretical model that shows the functioning mechanisms of Social Economy entities and associates the principles that govern this type of companies with certain organisational values. Such values, in turn, are specified in certain human resource management practices that have proved successful in the search for economic, social and environmental sustainability. As a starting proposition, we consider that Social Economy entities are a sustainable model, where their principles and values influence such sustainability. The setting of a social entity begins with the establishment of some principles that are regulated by the applicable legislation. These principles pursue a clear general economic and social interest and aim to combine social progress and business efficiency. However, it is their values which grant entities their distinctive personality, values with a clear orientation toward business ethics and social responsibility. Our proposition is based on the fact that the business model of Social Economy is founded on organisational principles and values that are in line with the concept of economic, social and environmental sustainability. These values guide Social Economy firms toward the attainment of the 2030 Agenda Goals, especially regarding full and quality employment for everyone, with the aim of generating sustained, inclusive and sustainable growth (Steiner, 2018). The methodological design The methodology used is based on the use of qualitative techniques, and it was designed in two phases. The first phase consisted in narrowing down the target population of the study, resorting to the "Relevant Social Economy Firms 2016-2017" report, published at the beginning of 2018 by the Spanish Business Confederacy of Social Economy (CEPES, 2018), which is the highest representative entity of Social Economy in Spain. Such report gathers data about the turnover, employment, territory and activity of 848 Social Economy entities, classified by their legal form from highest to lowest turnover, thus providing a representative sample of the different entities that compose the Spanish Social Economy. The entities gathered in such report pose an important narrowing down of the sector and, thus, a great opportunity to determine which organisational values are the most significant for these firms. In the second phase, an analysis was performed on the corporate values of Social Economy firms from the sample provided by CEPES. The organisational values of each of the organisations were checked through their corporate website, obtaining data about the organisational values of 262 Social Economy entities. To this end, we used the NVivo 11 software for Windows, which was designed to organise, analyse and find perspectives of non-structured or qualitative data, such as interviews, answers to open questions, articles, content in social networks and, in our case, content in corporate websites. Among the different tools of NVivo 11, we used the word frequency check, through which the software allows enumerating the words that appear more frequently in resources, nodes, annotations and selected sets. To handle the obtained data, we previously defined the reference nodes, considering nodes as correlations of references about a topic, place, person or any other particular area of interest. The references were compiled by reading the resources, such as interviews and specific groups of interest, and subsequently classifying the information by categories in the relevant nodes; in our case, each organisational value was considered as a node and, therefore, defined for it to be recognised by the application in the dataset either by the word or by the definition. Results The obtained results showed the three organisational values that appear most frequently in the different Social Economy entities analysed: perceived support, respect and responsibility. Perceived support is based on the theory of social exchange (Mael & Ashforth, 1992), according to which the workers tend to change effort and dedication for their organisation through tangible incentives, such as competitive salaries, social benefits or emotional incentives (e.g., appreciation or recognition). Therefore, perceived organisational support has a direct influence on the business relationship between the company and the employee, generating an important bond (Rocha, 2015). Respect is present within organisations and improves their effective communication, as well as the management of diversity, which is understood as the heterogeneity in the distribution of the personal characteristics of the members of an organisation without disregarding their cultural differences. Thus, workers are valued by their capacities, competencies, skills and knowledge, excluding from this valuation aspects such as gender, age and ethnicity, among others (Järlström et al., 2018). Responsibility governs the creation of a business model that prioritises the concept of sustainability, adding value and placing economic, social and environmental aspects at the same level. Organisations that regard this organisational value as important assume that their economic profit is not above the working conditions of their employees (Wagner, 2013). The obtained results are coherent with the existing literature. Authors such as Connelly et al. (2011) explored the potential of the values promoted by Social Economy in the search for a more sustainable environment, through business initiatives aimed at creating a synthesis of economic, social and environmental goals that lead us to achieve a structural change in the way in which goods and services are produced, accessed and consumed in our society. Therefore, as the main contribution of this study, we propose that the organisational values of Perceived Support, Respect and Responsibility are directly associated with Social Economy entities and their economic, social and environmental sustainability. Original Value and Contribution The present study contributes to the existing literature from a double perspective. Firstly, it proposes a theoretical model that aims to show the management mechanisms that can lead Social Economy entities to attain better results in corporate sustainability: lower business destruction rate and lower employment destruction rate during the crisis, greater inclusion and social cohesion, better results in environmental sustainability, etc. Such model proposed that the principles on which Social Economy is founded are transformed into corporate values that imbue their strategy and way of acting. Among these values, most of the analysed entities show Perceived Support, Respect and Responsibility. Each of these values are, in turn, instrumentalised in the business management practice in a very diverse manner, although our model is only focused on how they are converted to a certain way of managing people in Social Economy entities. It is the Human Resource Management practices, imbued with the organisational values, the ones that allow for better results in sustainability. Secondly, our study analysed a sample of Social Economy entities, through which we determined the three most representative values in Social Economy. It is important to highlight the relevance of the human resource in the development of each of these three values in this type of entities, which place their workers at the core of their management, granting them greater participation, both in the management and in decision making. This guarantees stable and quality employment, ensuring the necessary stability that enhances the commitment between employee and employer. Likewise, the entities analysed in our study are important employment enclaves for population sectors with serious difficulties to access a quality job. The management of the heterogeneity of an organisation's workforce is fundamental in Social Economy entities, where aspects such as equality and reconciliation of the work and personal life become a priority in their human resource management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social innovation is an issue that in recent decades has acquired growing interest both from the academic world and from social actors who pay attention to meeting social needs and demands. However, social innovation raises problems in the construction of its theoretical corpus (in relation to foundations of a conceptual and methodological nature) that translates into difficulties of a praxeological nature. Contributing to this foundation is a necessity of the first order to advance in the construction of a coherent agenda in the field of social innovation. It is especially urgent to address deficits identified in three foci: a) the scope of the consolidation of a canonical definition; b) methodological aspects aimed at facilitating processes; and c) the identification of determinants and conditioning factors of the emergence of social innovation processes. This work aims to advance in this sense, using as a reference the context of complex organizations, especially in the Third Sector. This choice is due to the fact that the bibliography confirms that they are especially privileged actors in facilitating this type of process. The methodological option chosen is the application of a Grounded Theory approach that has been triangulated through the application of a DELPHI panel. Among the main achievements in the work carried out is, as has been said, the elaboration of a theoretical model to explain the processes of intentional so cial innovation, as well as the identification of its main related capacities, from which can carry out the design of a tool for measuring social innovation in complex Third Sector organizations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Las técnicas de valoración de empresas se centran en aspectos económico-financieros, que no resultan suficientes para las entidades no lucrativas, cuyas prioridades se asocian a la consecución de un interés general. Hasta ahora, diversas técnicas de contabilidad social como el Valor Social Integrado (VSI) han servido para reflejar estas inquietudes en las entidades no lucrativas. En este artículo, utilizando un museo como caso ilustrativo, se va a demostrar cómo es posible la valoración de las entidades no lucrativas utilizando la contabilidad social, y aprovechando al tiempo (de forma adaptada) las bases de las técnicas de valoración de empresas. Los principales resultados demuestran, en primer lugar, que el Valor Social Integrado es una variable monetizable, y por tanto útil y sencilla para realizar valoraciones de entidades. Aunque esta variable puede ser utilizada para todo tipo de organizaciones, para las no lucrativas es esencial ya que permite la comparación de su dimensión social, más acorde con su propósito como entidades. La principal contribución consiste en demostrar que es posible calcular el Valor Social Esperado (VSE, mediante la proyección y actualización de VSI) para valorar entidades de todo tipo. Esto tiene también implicaciones en las teorías relacionadas con la valoración de empresas, que podrán tener en cuenta variables más allá de las meramente económicas o transaccionales, y adaptarse a las situaciones actuales donde lo social es una variable más a valorar por parte de los decisores, tanto estratégicos, institucionales, como inversionistas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this article is to present some significant dimensions in the gestation of cooperative and collective enterprises of the social and solidarity economy in processes of demanicomialization and / or psychiatric reforms. In particular the contributions and challenges of these proposals in the transformation of the social imaginary of madness that places those who have had or have a history in relation to madness, as people who are unable to work and to govern their own lives and to whom no, like those that have to generate guardianship and sheltered work practices. It is intended to contribute to the production of meaning in self-managed processes that seek to create a break on two levels: with the logic of capital and with the madhouse logic. Based on the Uruguayan experience, we propose the composition of work, reception and life undertakings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]