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OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the effect of intratympanic treatment with brain-derived neurotrophic factor embedded in collagen sponge and simultaneous oral administration of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) with amikacin on oxidative stress through glutathione peroxidase expression, audiological and histological changes in the cochlea of guinea pigs with ototoxicity caused by amikacin. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Fifty-five guinea pigs were included, in 50 ototoxicity occurred due to amikacin, they were divided into 5 groups of 10 animals each and were treated as follows: group I: without treatment, group II: post-hearing NAC, group III: simultaneous NAC-amikacin, group IV: saline solution and group V: brainderived neurotrophic factor. The animals were evaluated for 4 weeks with otoacoustic emissions by distortion products. Cochlear integrity was evaluated histologically and glutathione peroxidase production was evaluated immunohistochemically. Study was done from January 1st, 2022 to January 31, 2023. RESULTS: None of the animal reverted hearing loss. Histologically, groups I, II, III and IV showed severe loss of hair cells and mild in group V. In group I glutathione peroxidase production was severe; moderate in II, III and IV, and mild in V. CONCLUSIONS: Simultaneous and post-hearing loss treatment for NAC and intratympanic application of brain-derived neurotrophic factor do not prevent glutathione peroxidase production in guinea pigs with ototoxicity caused by amikacin, but they decrease it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud, Ciencia y Tecnología is the property of Fundacion Salud, Ciencia y Tecnologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Quality parameters for upper gastrointestinal endoscopy have introduced intraprocedural indicators, including adequate mucosal visualization free of saliva, mucus, or bubbles, which may increase the possibility of earlystage injury detection. The use of mucolytics and anti-foaming agents has shown great efficiency variability depending on the type of solution, concentrations, exposure times and visibility scale applied. Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of different premedication solutions for cleaning the digestive mucosa; to validate, by means of an interobserver concordance test, a new scale for the adequate visualization of the mucosa (TVMS) for the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum; and to report adverse events or complications associated with the solutions used and the procedures performed. Material and methods: Prospective, comparative cohort study. 412 adult patients, ASA I and ASA II, were included for diagnostic endoscopy under conscious sedation. They were distributed in 6 similar cohorts and divided into two groups: non-premedication, 2 in C1 (fasting 6 to 8 hours) and C2 (water 100 mL) cohorts; premedication, 4 C3 to C6 cohorts (C3: water 100 mL + simethicone 1000 mg; C4: water 100 ml + simethicone 200 mg + N-acetylcysteine 600 mg; C5: water 100 ml + simethicone 200 mg + N-acetylcysteine 1000 mg; C6: water 100 ml + simethicone 200 mg + Hedera helix 70 mg). The solution was swallowed 15 to 30 minutes passing through the cricopharyngeus muscle. The Kappa test was performed to measure interobserver concordance of the TVMS scale. Results: Of 412 patients, 58 % were female; 23 % (136) were included in the C1 and C2 cohorts; and 67 % (276) were in the C3 to C6 cohorts. The average exposure time to each solution was 24.4 minutes. The wash volume for proper visualization was significantly different between the two groups. In premedicated patients, 75.6 mL of solution were used, while in patients without premedication, 124 mL were used (p = 0.000), with an excellent quality of TVMS of 88.7% versus 41.4%, respectively. The C4 cohort (water 100 mL + simethicone 200 mg + N-acetylcysteine 600 mg) was the most effective with a significant difference (p = 0.001) compared with the C1 (fasting) and C2 (placebo with water 100 mL) cohorts. It also had better efficiency compared to the C3, C5 and C6 cohorts in that order. There were no adverse events or complications associated with endoscopy, sedation, or premedication products. Conclusions: The most effective solution as a premedication to achieve excellent visibility of the digestive mucosa was that used in the C4 cohort (SIM 200 + NAC 600 + H2OR 100 mL). The proposed TVMS scale is a very complete and easy tool to apply by more than one observer. Premedication ingested, with anti-foam, mucolytic and water up to 100 mL, between 15 and 30 minutes before endoscopy, is safe under the conditions described in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-acetylcysteine is known in a number of medical specialties and its ability to decrease the impact of reperfusion injury in acute myocardial infarction has boosted its use in cardiology over the past decades. N-acetylcysteine has a farreaching range of effects since it functions as a protective agent against oxygen radicals through sulfhydryl groups in important regions of the cell membrane that interfere and affect endothelial functioning and complex adhesion processes as side effects; as well as other phenomena of the extravascular compartment. These processes are closely related to the cardiovascular system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objectives: To evaluate the preoperative and postoperative anatomical changes of right hepatic lobe liver parenchyma in 30 patients with severe or morbid obesity that underwent Y-Roux bypass gastric surgery. Methods: This is case series analytical, prospective, cross-sectional, clinical study. We included 30 patients with morbid obesity with body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 Kg/m² that undergo laparoscopic Roux-Y bariatric surgery gastric bypass (RYGBP) performed in the Instituto Docente de Urología (Estado Carabobo, Venezuela), during the period October 2012 to July 2013. Abdominal ultrasound was done during preoperative period and repeated postoperatively after 3 months surgery. Results: Average age of patients was 37.13 years old. Out of the thirty studied patients twenty of them were men. The average BMI in the preoperative period was 47.2 Kg/m² and in the postoperative period 38.2 Kg/m2 (p = 0.8921). The preoperative mean size of the right hepatic lobe was 17.7 cm and after 3 months postoperative period decreased to 14.8 cm (p = 0.6886. Is important to highlight that 90% of patients presented with ultrasound liver steatosis criteria during the preoperative period, in contrast to similar findings observed in 63% after surgery. Discussion: Obesity is associated to liver steatosis and there were reductions in the size of the right hepatic lobe and liver steatosis images in patients after 3 months of surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lead poisoning in children is a public health problem because patients show low body weight and height, are hyperkinetic or have attention deficit disorder. Objective: To evaluate the efficacy of N-acetylcysteine (NAC) 200 mg/day and 400 mg/day for the treatment of lead poisoning in preschool children attended at the Toxicology Center of the City Hospital Dr. Enrique Tejera (CHET), Valencia, Venezuela, during the first half of year 2014. Patients and Methods: This is a case series, non-experimental, retrospective analytical study, based on patient's clinical records collected information. The sample consisted of 170 preschool children (n= 100, treated with NAC 200 mg/day and n= 70, treated with 400 mg/day, during three months) that attended at the clinical consult. For data collection, a case record form was used to analyze the variables. Results: 77.19% of children were 4-6 years old; 68.42% of them were male, 39.18% of the cases were reported in Valencia City, 53.76 % suffered environmental toxicity, 49 suffered oral intake intoxication and 49.71% presented kidney tubule disease. Patients treated with 400 mg/day NAC showed a statistically significant descent in blood lead concentration in contrast to 200 mg/day treatment (p <0.05). Improvement was reached in 112.87 ± 6.52 days with 200 mg/day treatment versus 84,70 ± 3.63 days with 400mg/day dose, showing a statistically significant difference (p<0.05). Conclusions: Lead toxicity in preschool children, treated with 400 mg/day dose of NAC had a more satisfactory improvement than those treated with 200 mg/day dose, showing lower blood lead levels in a shorter time after 3 months treatment. Clinical improvement of patients demonstrates the efficacy of NAC in lead toxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To evaluate the usefulness of antioxidant therapies on prevention of cisplatinum-induced sensorineural hearing loss (SHL) in oncologic patients. Patients and method Repetitive pure tone audiometries were done in patients suffering nasopharyngeal carcinoma submitted to chemotherapy with cisplatinum. The records were made before and after chemotherapy, after finishing radiotherapy and one year later. The mean air conduction threshold for tones between 250 and 8,000 Hz was measured, as well as the mean one just for 8,000 Hz and the deafness average. A N-acetylcysteine (NAC) solution of 200 mg/cc was administered via intratympanic (IT), 1.5 cc weekly, from week -3 to +6 of chemotherapy in 12 ears. A superoxide dismutase (SOD) solution of 8 mg/cc was injected in similar conditions in 13 ears. Other 26 ears were treated with oral NAC at 600 mg/day all over the chemotherapy period. There was a control group of 47 ears without antioxidant treatment. Results One year after beginning chemotherapy, the four groups showed sensorineural hearing loss, but there was a lower impairment in those submitted to IT NAC and SOD. The thresholds at 8,000 Hz of ears treated with IT NAC were less altered than the rest in this year, but the deafness average was much lesser among ears with IT SOD, in a significative statistically way. Oral administration of NAC did not provoke hearing protection. Conclusions Intratympanic treatment with NAC and especially with SOD before and during chemotherapy offers a useful tool in prevention of cisplatinum-induced sensorineural hearing loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El paraquat es un plaguicida agricola bipiridilo, cuyos efectos toxicos mas severos son dano hepato-renal y fibrosis pulmonar irreversible. Se reportan dos casos de intoxicacion en ninos, por ingestion accidental de paraquat; ellos desarrollaron sialorrea, vomitos azul verdoso, lesion digestiva caustica, dificultad respiratoria, dano hepato-renal, alteraciones radiologicas y presencia de paraquat en orina y sangre. Ambos pacientes recibieron el tratamiento disponible entre 24-48 horas despues de la ingestion y tuvieron una evolucion satisfactoria. El tratamiento consistio basicamente en dialisis gastrointestinal, diuresis forzada acida, N-acetilcisteina y dexametasona. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is a drug with antidotal properties useful in poisoning by hepatotoxic compounds such as paraquat, acetaminophen and inorganic phosphorus. Although the frequency and severity of this type of poisoning are significant, NAC is not readily available in Venezuela. Certain pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic characteristics of NAC and S-carboxymetylcisteine (SCMC), available in venezuelan pharmaceutical market are discussed, in addition, a review of the clinical and experimental experiences with SCMC in poisoning for hepatotoxic compounds is presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

N-acetylcysteine was employed as a chelant agent therapy in children (3-6 years old) with lead poisoning attended at a private medical center (January-August 2004). This is a descriptive and retrospective study. Patients included were 50 children with lead poisoning showing a blood lead concentration >10µg/dL. Clinical histories were reviewed and the following parameters obtained: age, sex, address, reason to attend consult, weight, height and seric lead level at first examination. After diagnosis, 3 months treatment with 200 mg/day N-acetylcysteine was established. During the second visit to clinic, the same data were registered again. The most frequent age was 3 years old (28%); male sex (64%), and north Valencia (38%) the site of origin. Children and their parents consulted for low school performance (44%) and hyperactivity (16%). Initially they showed lower limits of weight and height; however within normal values. After 3 months treatment, there was a significative statistically decrease of serum lead (10,09 µg/dL) after chelative therapy with N-acetylcysteine, compared to basal values (14,14µg/dL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]