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Neonatal congenital leukemia manifests within the first 30 days of life and is exceedingly rare in this age group, but more prevalent among patients with Down syndrome. Its etiology is primarily genetic but is also linked to alcohol consumption, marijuana, and smoking. Differential diagnosis should be made with transient myeloproliferative disorder, a benign condition that resolves spontaneously. We present a clinical case of a full-term newborn, 16 days old, initially displaying symptoms suggestive of necrotizing enterocolitis. However, upon admission to the neonatal unit, the patient exhibited a greatly distended abdomen with severe hepatosplenomegaly, severe leukocytosis, anemia, and thrombocytopenia, accompanied by 100% blasts and laboratory findings consistent with tumor lysis syndrome. Management was initiated with hyperhydration, allopurinol, and rasburicase, but there was no improvement. Therefore, cytarabine was added. Flow cytometry indicated a megaloblastic pattern, indicative of myeloid leukemia. The patient required hospitalization for a month and a half, during which expected complications might arise. However, it was considered that the newborn experienced transient myeloid disorder, given the satisfactory clinical evolution, with reduced symptoms and severe leukocytosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Background: Resistance and intolerance to imatinib in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia requires alternative therapies. Nilotinib provides a choice as a second-line treatment. The objective of this report was to show the results of a group of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia who received nilotinib as a second-line treatment. Methods: The medical records of 16 patients of both sexes, of any age, diagnosed with chronic myeloid leukemia, who received nilotinib as a second-line treatment, were reviewed. All of them had received imatinib prior as first-line treatment; the causes to switch to nilotinib were intolerance, resistance and clinical progression of leukemia. Results: The sample was of 16 patients, who achieved at least a hematologic response; 10 were males (62.5%). The age range was 24 to 75 years. Two patients received nilotinib due to intolerance to imatinib; seven due to resistance to imatinib and seven due to lack of response. There was response in the two patients who received nilotinib due to intolerance. One patient died five months after starting nilotinib due to progression of leukemia; four patients achieved major molecular response, two patients had reduced expression of BCR-ABL gene. Six patients continued with high expression of BCR-ABL gene; two of them carrying M244V mutation, and one with a complex karyotype with numerical and structural alterations. Conclusions: Nilotinib is an option for patients with intolerance or resistance to imatinib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia represents 15 % of all the leukemias in adults. With the introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors, overall survival at 10 years is 80-90 %. The objective was to describe the epidemiology, complete cytogenetic response and major molecular response with tyrosine kinase inhibitors in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Methods: It was performed a descriptive cross-sectional study of patients with chronic myeloid leukemia and Philadelphia chromosome-positive in treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors. Results: The sample included 54 patients with a mean age of 41 years; 78 % of patients were in chronic phase, and in 8 % of patients were identified complex karyotype at diagnosis. All patients received imatinib as first-line treatment. We identified mutations in 8 %. The patients with primary or secondary resistance (30%) received second-generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors as a second-line therapy. Of 35 patients treated with imatinib, 23 had complete cytogenetic response, 23 had major molecular response, and 16 had loss of response to treatment. Of nine patients treated with nilotinib, two presented complete cytogenetic response, two major molecular response, and five loss of response to treatment. Of seven patients treated with dasatinib, two had complete cytogenetic response, two major molecular response, and four loss of response to treatment. Conclusions: Of patients studied, 30 % was resistant to imatinib, 52 % achieved a complete cytogenetic response, and 42 % major molecular response. The use of second generation tyrosine kinase inhibitors led to obtain a complete cytogenetic and major molecular response in fewer time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chronic myeloid leukemia is a myeloproliferative disorder which results from the translocation t(9;22)(q34;q11). Imatinib mesylate is an inhibitor of kinase tyrosine that has proved to be useful in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia. Our aim was to evaluate the major molecular response to 12 months with triple therapy, analyze the evolution of these patients, and the hematological and non-hematological toxicity. Methods: It was performed a longitudinal study in patients with diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia who were treated with sequential triple therapy: Pegylated interferon alpha 2a (90 ug/week for four weeks) + imatinib (800 mg a day for 30 days) + cytarabine (20 mg/m2 from day 1 to 10). Molecular and hematologic responses at 12 months of treatment were analyzed. Results: Thirty eight patients with chronic myeloid leukemia were eligible; the mean age was 43.4 years and the medians of hemoglobin levels, leukocyte and platelet counts at diagnosis were 10 g/dL (5.1 to 16.0 g/dL), 208 000/µL³ (10 600 to 529 000/uL3) and 573 500/µL³ (130 000 to 4 272 000/µL³), respectively. According to the Sokal score, 68.4 % had low risk, 26.3 % intermediate and 5.3 % high risk. Conclusions: The hematologic response was similar to that reported in the IRIS study, but the molecular response was greater in more cases. The adverse hematological effects grades 3-4 and non-hematological were significative: 45 % and 87 %, which forces to continous monitoring. The combination of interferon alpha 2a, cytarabine and a high-dose of imatinib induced the major molecular response, of 68.4%, at 12 months. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Imatinib has changed the natural history of chronic myeloid leukemia. There are women with chronic myeloid leukemia in reproductive age with pregnancy desires. The aim of this case was to report the course and outcome of pregnancy in a patient with chronic myeloid leukemia diagnosis treated with imatinib. Clinical case: A 32 year old female with diagnosis of chronic myeloid leukemia with follow-up of 11 years. She received standard treatment, but she reported poor adherence; therefore, she received imatinib therapy two years after the diagnosis. The patient stopped the treatment herself because she was looking to be pregnant. She presented amenorrhea, which lasted for six weeks; pregnancy was confirmed. During a period of 10 months, she remained untreated and there were no symptoms of leukemia progression. The pregnancy was terminated by cesarean section at 35.5 weeks of gestation. The product was born healthy. In the postcesarean visit, the lab showed a cell blood count which reported: hemoglobin 8.7 g/dL, hematocrit 25 %, white blood cell 22,000/µL, platelets 170,000/ µL. Since October the patient resumed imatinib 600 mg/day. Conclusions: The prolonged period of treatment with imatinib had no effect on the pregnancy and the product. The molecular monitoring showed the need to reinstall the treatment once the pregnancy finished. The efficacy and safety of treatment allows patients to fulfill life projects that seemed distant in other time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on a review of a relationship between occupational exposure to formaldehyde and leukemia. It states that the review was done through the systematic analysis of the scientific productions in databases including Medline, LILACS and CISDOC (Health and Safety Information Centre of the International Labor Office in Geneva, Switzerland). It mentions that the review found an elevated risks for high levels of exposure for myeloid leukemia.

Objective: to compare the frequency of acute leukemia in two periods of study in a reference Hospital at Mexico City. Methods: it was an observational study. There were registered 250 cases with the morphology diagnostic criterion of acute leukemia. Results: 63 cases versus 92 of acute lymphoid leukemia (ALL) and 16 versus 79 acute myeloid leukemia (AML) of 1990-1992 versus 2008-2009 respectively was observed; corresponding to 62 % in total of ALL in both periods and 38 % of AML. The ALL was the most frequent variant (62 % versus 38 %). The median age was 26 years, male 52 %. It showed a significant increase in the number of admissions in the period of 2008-2009 and acute promyelocytic leukemia also showed an increase (p = 0.001). Conclusions: acute leukemia is the main cause of admission, mortality and morbidity. Our study differs slightly from the literature; the leukemia that diagnostic with major frequency was the acute lymphoid leukemia increasing his number in the period of 2008-2009. The significant rise due to an increase use of new diagnostic tools such as the flow cytometry and molecular biology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Granulocytic sarcoma is an uncommon and localized extra-medullary tumor composed of immature granulocytic cells. It may present in patiens with acute myeloid leukaemia, myelodysplastic syndrome or chronic myelogenous leukaemia. It may occur in any anatomical site. We report on the case of a 41 year old female diagnosed with chronic myelogenous leukaemia who presented with right arm swelling that did not resolve after antibiotic and surgical fasciotomy. The histological examination showed granulocytic sarcoma. In this report the citogenetics, clinical presentation, diagnosis and outcome of granulocytic sarcoma was reviewed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) is a distinct subtype of acute myeloid leukemia, but with better prognosis. Cytogenetically is characterized by a balanced reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 15 and 17, which results in the fusion between promyelocytic leukemia (PML) gene and retinoic acid receptor α (RARα). This is the molecular objective of all-transretinoic acid (ATRA), the most important medication for treatment of acute promyelocytic leukemia. Objective: To evaluate the results of treatment in APL in patients attending in Hospital Universitario de Monterrey Materials and methods: We have retrospectively evaluated eighteen patients with de novo acute promyelocytic leukemia registered in database in Hematology Department of Hospital Universitario de Monterrey Results: Eighteen patients with acute promyelocytic leukemia were treated between January 2003 and August 2009 with anthracycline and ATRA, 12 men and 6 women. Median age is 27 years (12 - 50 years). Complete remission was obtained in 77%, 11% of patients died during induction. Five years overall survival in our center is 70% and 5%of patients was relapsed. ATRA syndrome was developed in 2 patients (11%) without death by this cause. Conclusions: Acute promyelocytic leukemia is good prognosis leukemia, with cure in most of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is a brief presentation and discussion of a clinical case of a 27 year old female with anemic, hemorrhagic and purpuric syndrome with general symptoms involving severe systemic condition, on which through comprehensive laboratory tests LM3 and intravascular disseminated coagulation was diagnosed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dasatinib (BMS-354825) is an inhibitor of tirosin kinases (BCR-ABL), SRC kinases and other oncogenic kinases. Is able to inhibit 18 of 19 BCR/ABL mutations of kinases resistant to its predecessor, imatinib. It prevents the overproduction of the cancerous cells in the marrow of the patients with chronic granulocytic leukemia or linfoblastic acute leukemia with Philadelphia+ chromosome who had shown resistance or intolerance to previous treatments with imatinib or nilotinib. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discute las experiencias del autor cuando fue niño. Durante su niñez, el autor vivía al lado de un Crisógeno A. Elizondo, un viejo vecino quien fue médico. Elizondo siempre leía libros de medicina al autor y cuando el autor se fue para estudiar medicina, regresó a su pueblo para atender a la suegra de Crisógeno. Al examinar la suegra de Elizondo, el autor descubrió hallazgos de leucemia granulocitica crónica.

El artículo habla de las experiencias del autor y su lucha contra mieloma múltiple. Su médico encargó a Estados Unidos el medicamento dexametasona para tratar la inflamación en el hemisferio derecho de su cara, pero salió una infección y los médicos no podían detenerla con el tratamiento. Cuando por fin se quitó la infección, el autor empezó su tratamiento de quimioterapia. Poco a poco, el autor logró control de su enfermedad.