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Background: The incidence of acute kidney injury in hospitalized elderly is a frequent event that makes them prone to complications and can even lead to death. Therefore, identifying risk factors for developing acute kidney injury becomes a priority in the process of care of the elderly. Objective: To identify the main risk factors for acute kidney injury in hospitalized elderly and, on the basis of those risk factors, calculate the probability of presentation. Methods: Case-control study nested in a cohort, which included patients of 60 years or older, admitted to the Internal Medicine service at an institution of social security in Querétaro, Mexico. Patients with acute kidney injury were identified as cases and patients without acute kidney injury were included in the control group. Acute kidney injury was diagnosed when there was an increased creatinine level = 0.3 mg/dL (= 26.4 mmol/L) in a period < 48 hours. Results: Hypovolemia and infection were identified as risk factors for acute kidney injury and they were included into the model of multiple logistic regression (y = 1,111 + 1,063 [infection] + 1.422 [hypovolemia]), (p = 0.002). The highest probability of having acute kidney injury was 80%. Conclusions: Two factors for acute kidney injury and a prediction model were identified. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The parasite community structure in fish species of Chile have scarcely been analysed through time and locations, making it difficult to understand the spatio-temporal variation patterns. In this study, we investigated whether the endoparasitic community of three intertidal fishes in central Chile exhibited spatial or temporal changes. We collected a total of 954 individuals of Helcogrammoides chilensis, Gobiesox marmoratus and Scartichthys viridis in the intertidal rocky zone in localities close to the bays of Valparaíso (~32°45'S, 33°30'S) and of Concepción (~36°28'S, 36°41'S), during in 2013 and 2014. We analized the endoparasite community for each host according to their numerical descriptors, species composition and nestedness, comparing these communities as a function of both space and time. The average richness, abundance and diversity of the parasite infracommunity did not exhibit significant difference between localities (Valparaíso vs Concepción) for any of the host species. Only the parasitological descriptors of H. chilensis and G. marmoratus showed significant difference between years for Valparaíso. Similarity of parasite composition of each host species was low between years and geographical localities. The endoparasite infracommunity of S. viridis exhibited a nestedness pattern over time and space, unlike G. marmoratus that showed a random pattern over time and space. We concluded that spatio-temporal scales seem to be important factors for endoparasite community organization, but they affect different host species differently. The repeatability seems to be associated with the host species biology and the aggregate characteristics of the parasitic communities. However, our results suggest that other factors, such as environmental and/or ecological features, could impact on the community structure of parasites. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Universidad del Valle de Guatemala is the property of Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Universidad del Valle de Guatemala is the property of Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Despite the fact interactions between parasites and hosts are constant and obligatory for parasites; the spatial variations of these relationships are poorly understood. In this study we aim to quantify and compare the host-parasite interactions in intertidal fish from two sampling zones: the central (33°S) and central-south (36°S) of Chile. A total of 2,081 fish were collected from 56 rocky pools. Biomass and abundance of fish between the two sampling zones, central (ZC) and central-south (ZCS), was compared. Common fish species between both zones were considered for parasitological analysis and comparisons between zones. The prevalence, abundance, richness and diversity of parasites were also compared between zones. The abundance and biomass of fish, as well as all the parasitological parameters were standardized by the rocky pool volume (m3). Beside the fact that fish abundance and biomass of fish and the community parameters were different between ZC and ZCS for some fish species, after standardization to pool volumes (m3), no difference was found in them. There was medium-low parasitic species similarity (<55%) between sampling zones, however, the parameters of host-parasite interaction, such as connectedness and link density, were not significantly different. This may be partly due to the similarity of species richness of fish maintaining their "parasite species load", regardless of parasite species. Parasite communities have been determined as unsaturated with species, meaning that the host has niches which may be used by parasite species available in a certain host locality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Structure and richness of parasite communities varies substantially among species and body sizes of hosts, which can be determined by analyzing the nestedness. The nestedness pattern is originated when depauperate communities are subsets of those found in communities with greater species richness, and has normally used to study parasite communities. Therefore, in this study we determined whether the structure of parasite communities of the intertidal fish, of central Chile, relates to host lengths and parasitological descriptors, by the use of nested subset analyses. We collected 2 435 individuals of five fish species from the intertidal rocky zone of central Chile (32°02'-33°57' S - 70°30'-70°30' W): Helcogrammoides chilensis, Scartichthys viridis, Auchenionchus microcirrhis, Gobiesox marmoratus, and Sicyases sanguineus; each specimen was analyzed for parasites and its total body length (LT) was measured. The total species richness, average richness, abundance, diversity, and dominance of parasites infracommunity (all parasites in a host specimen) were calculated. Each fish species was classified into three LT ranges, to calculate the indices of nestedness and average of these parasitological descriptors in each LT range. We used the models given in the NTCP (Nestedness Temperature Calculator Program) and NODF (Nestedness metric based on Overlap and Decreasing Fill), considering the presence or absence of parasite species; we also used WNODF (Weighted-NODF) model for parasite abundances. The average of parasitological descriptors and LT of each host species, as well as the indices of nestedness were also calculated and related one another, considering the infracommunity and component community levels. The parasite infracommunity of most fish species exhibited a nestedness pattern structure, with the exception of G. marmoratus and H. chilensis, in some of the LT ranges. No relationship between the nestedness indices and fish LT was found. Nevertheless, direct correlations were observed among nestedness indices, average of richness, abundance and diversity of parasite infracommunity, and an inverse correlation with the parasite total richness (per LT range). Moreover, the nestedness pattern was present in all host species. We concluded that the parasite communities of intertidal fish are structured and predictable, and determined only minimally by the host LTs and the aggregated characteristics of the parasites, particularly at the infracommunity level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Universidad del Valle de Guatemala is the property of Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This research reviewed elements that promote intersectoral dynamics in child protection networks carried out by the OPD Rights Protection Office programs, an instance co-financed by the National Service for Minors SENAME and the municipalities of Chile. A qualitative research was carried out, using semistructured interviews with OPD coordinators from the Ñuble region, Chile. Presenting as results elements that facilitate inter-sectoral management, analyzing the levels of coordination, cooperation, communication and comprehensiveness that the work dynamics of these community networks show. The main conclusion is the existence of formal and informal coordination mechanisms, elements that favor cooperation, informal communication mechanisms, the presence of collaborative work between institutions and the absence of experiences of comprehensiveness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crustaceans play an important role in parasite life cycles, serving as second intermediate hosts. However, there are scarce parasitological studies in crustaceans from the rocky intertidal habitats, in Chile and around de world. In this study we aimed to record the parasites in decapod crustaceans, compare their parasitic loads between localities and relate them with the abundance of the definitive hosts (fishes and birds). Between July and September 2013, 409 crustacean specimens, corresponding to 16 species, were collected from the rocky intertidal zone of two localities of central Chile (33°S), Las Cruces and Montemar. Of out the sample, 65.5% was parasitized; counting 2,410 metacercariae and 18 nematodes. One group of these metacercariae belonged to the family Opecoelidae; while others corresponded to the family Microphallidae. Nematodes belonged to the family Cystidicolidae. The highest prevalence and abundance of opecoelids were in P. violaceus (96.9%, 13.59 ± 17.50 parasites/crustacean), microphallids were mostly recorded in the crab Petrolisthes tuberculosus (42.3%, 11.08 ± 4.8 parasites/crustacean), while cystidicolids were less prevalent and abundant than digenean at both localities. Parasite loads was affected by body size, locality and species of crustacean hosts. No association was found between parasite loads in these intermediate hosts and the abundance of definitive hosts. The low relationships between parasite loads and host abundances may be due to several reasons, such as a wide trophic spectrum and great capacity of movement, which would not contribute to the parasite transmission and the direct relationship with the definitive host abundances. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]