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Copyright of ESPOCH Congresses: The Ecuadorian Journal of S.T.E.A.M. is the property of Knowledge E DMCC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Urologia is the property of Sociedad Chilena de Urologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The use of biological material as a weapon of war is as old as the war conflicts themselves, but after the signing, in 1972, of the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on their Destruction (CABT), its military use has practically disappeared. However, it has become part of the attacks of terrorist groups, which constitute a real threat to National Security. Biological weapons are included within the group of so-called "weapons of mass destruction" and include all types of agents, microbial or not, viral, natural or recombinant, and their derived toxins. Among the key factors in the development of this type of intentional biological threats, it is worth mentioning the increase in the appearance of emerging pathogens, the great development of genetic modification and editing technologies, such as CRISPR/Cas9, or the diversion and smuggling of sensitive precursors and materials. To this end, the following measures have been implemented: launch of the National Biosecurity Commission; control of dual-use material exports; strengthening of the Security and Protection Area of the Customs and Special Taxes Department of the Tax Agency; development of the Network of Biological Alert Laboratories (RE-LAB), coordinated by the Carlos III Health Institute; collaboration of the Spanish Technical Assistance and Emergency Response Teams (START). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Nutrición Clínica y Dietética Hospitalaria is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Dietetica y Ciencias de la Alimentacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ESIC Market. Economic & Business Journal is the property of ESIC Business & Marketing School and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de la Academia Mexicana de Odontología Pediátrica (2594-1798) is the property of Academia Mexicana de Odontologia Pediatrica, A. C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA is the property of Revista Colombiana de Ciencia Animal - RECIA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana is the property of Cirugia Plastica Ibero-Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Lyell's syndrome or Toxic Epidermal Necrolysis (TEN) is considered within the spectrum of severe cutaneous adverse reactions; it's a rare disease but with a high mortality rate. Most of the cases are related to idiosyncratic drug reactions. The aim of this paper is to reflect the clinical experience with this pathology at the Burn Unit of the Universitary General Hospital of Alicante, Spain, for the past 23 years. We conduct a retrospective study, collecting epidemiological data, likely causative agents, additional tests, comorbidities, treatment and clinical evolution, including 16 patients with an average age of 53,19 years; 68,75% were females and 31,25% were males. Antibiotics were most commonly implicated drugs (31.25%), followed by nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (25%). During admission, 43,75% received systemic corticosteroids, 37,5% only supportive treatment and 25% intravenous immunoglobulin; 56.25% suffered some type of sequel, being the most frequent ocular involvement (18,75%). The SCORTEN (Severity of illness score for toxic epidermal necrolisys) was calculated for all patients in the first 24 hours of admission, the sum of the predicted probabilities of dying from NET it's 32%, higher than the actual data (mortality 25%). The use of systemic corticosteroids remains controversial, appearing in our study a greater number of infections and increased mortality associated with this treatment. Early admission in Burn or Intensive Care Unit, the prompt withdrawal of suspected drug, supportive treatment and fluid and electrolyte replacement, are considered crucial and first-line treatment in these patients. Different drug treatments have been described for the management of this condition without achieving a convincing role, so we considerer that new multicenter randomized prospective studies are required in the future. We propose in this paper a protocol for managing these patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Sport & Health Research is the property of Journal of Sport & Health Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Pediatría is the property of Revista Chilena de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The coastal protection project of the Club “Félix Elmuza” has as viable alternative the construction and assembling of one breakwater structure, which allows among other positive effects, to reduce the erosion phenomena presented in the coastline line and to improve the beach sector existing in this club. The negative impacts of this project can be reduced with the execution of preventing, mitigation and corrective actions proposed and there shouldn’t be residual impacts with the application of the action plan, once concluded the construction operations. Beside that, it will be guaranteed with a systematic impacts assessment as a part of the proposed monitoring plan, in particular with the most relevant ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare in the court was something fundamental. The different health professionals had as their objective to watch over the health of everybody who belonged to it. Something that everyone of them carried out depending on their abilities and their knowledge. The work that we propose is based on the information found in the section of Casas y Sitios Reales of the Archivo General de Simancas. There, we could find information about the services provided to Enrique IV and Isabel of Valois during their respective reigns, among other monarchs. Once we had the information analyzed we could confirm the objectivity of a methodical work when it came to provide the care needed, as well as the application of treatments by the health workers, more specifically, nurses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By the medical importance that has, the most important ectoparasites is the human pediculosis variety capitis, that could be defined as the infestation of the head by lice. Given the high prevalence of pediculosis, coverall in the paediatric population, is vital knowing the characteristic epidemiologists of this pathology. On the other hand, they are more and more the reports as much at national level as international, of resistance to the treatment on the part of the parasites, reason why to know which are the treatments more used by the population, if these has or medical indication and which were not their results, is excellent. A descriptive study was realised of cross section in the Emerald Health Consulting Institution, commune of Colina, applying a predesigned survey that briefed the following data: number of inhabitants of the home (specifying young and adult), overcrowding degree, probable source of contagion, used treatment, who indicated the treatment and effectiveness of this one. The data were tabularon and analyzed expressing the results in percentage. A total of 320 surveys briefed 951 cases of pediculosis. The overcrowding degree was in average of 2.4 people by dormitory. The average of age of the infested ones was of 13.03 years (rank between 0 and 53 years), being observed that a 78.65% corresponded to minors of 16 years. As far as the probable source of contagion, a 93.7% considered that the origin of the familiar infestation was the educational establishment of one of the children of the house. From the total of the cases a 96.6% received pharmacological treatment, of which a 35.9% only had indication by some professional of the health. It emphasized within the pharmacological treatment, the use of Lindane (30.1%) and pediculicide shampoo (69.90%). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, antiepileptic drugs are a therapeutic alternative to lithium when treating bipolar disorder. Among these, carbamazepine, valproate and lamotrigine have been authorized both for the treatment of manic phases and for the prevention of depressive episodes. In this paper, we will review the mechanisms of action of these drugs as euthymic agents, though they have not been completely elucidated yet. At a synaptic level, anti-convulsivant agents might act blocking the sodium voltage-depending channel with the subsequent stabilization of the neuronal membrane and the inhibition of the release of excitatory neurotransmitters, modulating the glutamatergic mechanisms of neurotransmission. This is due to the action exerted on NMDA, kainate or AMPA receptors or potentiating gabergic mechanisms (increase in action of DAG enzyme, inhibition of GABA-transaminase, selective GABA recaptation or potentiation of the GABA receptor's agonist actions). With regard to the complicated molecular mechanisms associated with the signal transduction in postsynaptic neurones and their effect on antiepileptics, there are only significant data on carbamazepine and valproate. The most studied signal transduction systems of secondary messengers are those referring to adenylate ciyclase and to phosphoinositol ways, which include A and C proteincinases, respectively. Regarding euthymics, the most discussed hypothesis is mioinositol depletion. It holds back a whole sequence of transduction events, where phospolipase C, secondary messengers such as diacylglycerol and inositol triphosphate, proteincinase C, the protein MARCKS and the immediate early response genes c-jun, c-fos or Egr-1 are involved. Lastly, we will discuss the euthymic effects on the glycogen synthase kinase 3 way and other intracellular transduction ways related to the neuroplasticity phenomena which are gradually acquiring a higher significance in bipolar disorder physiopathology. Among the neurotrophic factors associated with the mechanism of action of mood regulators, we should mention BDNF, ERK or CREB, as well as the protein bcl-2 which presents neuroprotective and antiapoptotic properties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The most outstanding novel of the Spanish literature, Don Quixote, represents the source to which the different specialists who intend to deepen their knowledge of the late Renaissance society usually address. This masterpiece of Miguel de Cervantes has been frequently approached from the psychopathological perspective to obtain a psychiatric diagnosis of its main character, Alonso Quijano. Also, other clinical approaches from the traumatological and general therapeutical view (oils, ointments, balms and other pharmacy preparations) have been frequent. We have tackled Don Quixote from the psychopharmacological perspective, a barely explored field. In this work, we intend to study the therapeutical cures used during the Cervantine time for the treatment of insane and mentally disturbed people (sedatives like opium, laxatives like hellebore, tonics, irritants and surgical techniques like bloodlettings and "fuentes") and we analyze the limited and unspecific therapies, mainly of herbal origin (balms, purgatives and emetics), which Cervantes reveals to us in his novel. Among them, rhubarb root (Rumex alpinus), seeds of spurge (Euphorbia lathyris), St. John's Wort (Hypericum perforatum), main ingredient of Aparicio's oil, and rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis), primary component of the famous balsam of Fierabras, should be highlighted. We have also examined the possible scientific influences which might have inspired Cervantes in this field, mainly the works of Juan Huarte de San Juan The examination of men's wits and the one of Andres Laguna Dioscorides' materia medica. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Given that depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in our society, the current situation in pharmacotherapy of depression in Spain has been studied from the point of view of psychiatrists and general practitioners (GP). Method. A total of 339 interviews were carried out with two groups of physician (238 primary care physicians and 101 psychiatrists) from different Spanish cities. Distribution, application and questionnaires collection were made throughout 2002. Results. The diagnostic instruments most commonly used by more than 90% of both medical groups to detect a depressive disorder in a consultation are the evaluation of symptoms and the interview with the patient. However the main diagnostic problem was «masking» of depression with other symptoms/disorders. Most GP (95%) and psychiatrists (99%) establish a pharmacological treatment in all their depressive patients. Both groups coincide in most community use of serotonine selective reputake inhibitors (SSRI) as drugs of first choice (93% from both samples). The pharmacological agents most used by the psychiatrist are the SSRI (98.3%), followed by venlafaxine (84.4%), anxiolytics (68.4%), mirtazapine (58.9%) and reboxetine (55.8%). In the case of GP, the most commonly used pharmacological groups are SSRI (98.3%) and anxiolytics (73.4%). In primary care, the SSRI are considered the most effective antidepressant group. However, the tricyclic antidepressives (TCA) would be the most effective for the psychiatrists. Conclusions. For psychiatrists and GP, the quality of care of depression in Spain is rated positively. However, there is a group of deficiencies and some aspects that need to be clearly improved, such as the time of consultations, coordination between GP and psychiatrists, waiting lists and available resources for mental health units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. To characterize BoLA-DRB3.2*gen polymorphism in Colombian Creole breeds. Materials and methods. Using 360 DNA samples from eight Creole bovine breeds (Blanco Orejinegro, Casanareño, Costeño con Cuernos, Chino Santandereano, Caqueteño, Hartón del Valle, Romosinuano and San Martinero), two synthetic Colombian breeds (Lucerna and Velasquez) and two introduced breeds (Brahmán and Holstein), polymorphism of BoLA-DRB3.2* was evaluated using molecular techniques (PCR-RFLP). Alíele average number (AAN), expected (He) and observed (Ho) alíele frequencies, heterozygosity, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HW), genetic structure and FST and FIS values were estimated. Results. AAN was 14.6 ± 3.8, Caqueteño breed displayed the highest AAN value (25) and Chino Santandereano the lowest (10). 41 alíelse of BoLA-DRB3.2* were detected. The most frequent were *28, *37, *24, *23, *20, *27, *8, *16 and *39 (0.17, 0.11, 0.10, 0.09, 0.09, 0.07, 0.07 and 0.06 respectively). High genetic diversity was found (He=0.878) with the highest value for Caqueteño (0.96) and lowest for San Martinero (0.81). All breeds were in HW, and highly significant values of genetic differentiation (FST=0.044) and inbreeding coefficient (FIS=0.249) were found. Conclusions. The Colombian Creole breeds have a high BoLA-DRB3.2*gen polymorphism represented by the high AAN and genetic diversity values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]