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Objective. To identify the factors associated with anemia, iron deficiency (ID) and vitamin B12 (B12D) in women aged 12 to 49 years participating in the Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición Continua 2022 (Ensanut Continua 2022). Materials and methods. The 2022-NHNS is a nationally representative probabilistic survey. Venous blood was collected from women for analysis of hemoglobin, ferritin, and vitamin B12 to estimate deficiencies according to World Health Organization. Descriptive analyses and logistic regression models (SVY/STATA module) were performed. Results. The prevalence of anemia, ID and B12D were 15.7, 41.9 and 17.2%, respectively, and anemia was associated with carboy/bottled water (OR=2.27; 95%CI: 0.99,5.17) and DH with non-pipe water (OR= 2.86; 95%CI: 1.31, 6.22) and urban stratum (OR=1.56; 95%CI: 0.98, 2.45). Conclusions. Anemia, ID and B12D in women were highly prevalent, therefore, it is necessary to conduct interventions focused into the issue of drinking water and right to access in women with greater socio-economic disadvantage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]