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A 36-year-old woman suffering from various pathologies of varying complexity, with 19 active medications in her medication plan and the result of her Morisky-Green test is that of a non-adherent patient, to whom we offer the monitoring service with monitored dosage systems (MDS). From the initial interview, we obtained the following information about her health status: she feels constantly tired, sleepy, sad, and unmotivated. She lives with her parents and hardly leaves her home. 10 moderate clinically relevant interactions are detected, 8 of which can lead to clinical situations that match the patient’s description. After 6 months, the patient only needs 1 opioid analgesic, instead of 3, has reduced the use of other drugs, and her health status has significantly improved. At 20 months, she has gone from using 19 drugs regularly to taking only 10 drugs. In addition, her social relationships have improved, and she no longer spends her days locked at home. The patient is very grateful to the pharmacy. For us, it is a satisfaction to provide this service and help many patients improve adherence to their treatments and health status. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale questionnaire (ARMS) was designed to measure adherence to treatment. It was translated and adapted into Spanish, but its psychometric properties have not been evaluated. The aim was to evaluate these properties in a population with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Method: The study was carried out in community pharmacies in Granada (Spain) by interview. A principal component factor analysis (PCA) with Varimax rotation (construct validity), a concordance analysis (concurrent criterion validity and reliability by temporal stability) and Cronbach’s alpha and item-total correlation (reliability by homogeneity) were performed. Results: 107 patients entered the study. 54.2 % (58) were male and the mean age was 70.5 (SD: 9.7). The PCA extracted 4 factors that explained 57.49 % of the total variance. Cronbach’s alpha= 0.428, and in the test-retest κ= 0.627 (p > 0.001). Conclusions: The ARMS-e cannot be considered a useful tool to measure adherence to oral antidiabetic treatment in this sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Psiquiatria is the property of Asociacion Colombiana de Psiquiatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Adherence to oral antidiabetic treatment (OAHA) in patients with type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is far from reaching the desirable figures. A multitude of studies have been published on factors that influence non-adherence, although with different populations and methodologies. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was identify and collect those factors that may influence non-adherence to OAHAs treatment in patients with T2DM. Method: The databases used in the literature search were Medline (PubMed), Scopus, CINAHL and PsycINFO. We considered case-control studies, cohorts and randomised clinical trials conducted in people with T2DM and OAHA treatment, where determinants of adherence were evaluated. The review process was conducted independently by two investigators based on Prisma recommendations. Results: Of 11 publications selected, two were case-control studies and nine were cohort studies (seven retrospective). Non-adherence figures ranged from 20.3 to 48 %. Factors associated with non-adherence to OAHAs were found to be: patient co-payment, daily OAHA dose, type of OAHA prescribed, number of medications prescribed, less frequent appointments with healthcare staff, high HbA1C levels, depression, female sex, race/ethnicity (other than white), marital status (other than married) and age. Conclusions: From a clinical point of view, it is important to identify which risk factors are modifiable and thus, healthcare professionals will be able to design actions for patients to improve their adherence to OAHAs treatment as well as improve T2DM control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To identify the factors associated with adherence to drug therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without hypertension. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study conducted with patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without hypertension, divided into an adherent group (n = 145) and a non-adherent group (n = 49), determined by the 4-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-4). The associated factors were sex, cohabitation, schooling, occupation, age in 10-year groups and diabetes progression time grouped in less than 1 year, from 1 to 5 years, from 6 to 10 years and more than 10 years. The statistical analysis plan included the chi-square test. Results: The factors associated with adherence to drug therapy were identified as sex (p = 0.045), cohabitation (p = 0.045), age (p = 0.001) and disease progression time (p = 0.001). Schooling was not identified as a factor associated with adherence to drug therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (p = 0.289). The older the patient with diabetes, the lower the adherence to drug therapy; the cut-off point was 60 years of age, after which the percentage in the non-adherent group was higher than in the adherent group (p = 0.001). The longer the diabetes progression time, the lower the probability of adherence; in the non-adherent group the percentage of patients with more than 10 years of disease progression was 67.3 % and in the adherent group the percentage was 33.8 % (p = 0.001). Conclusions: The factors associated with adherence to drug therapy among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus without hypertension were identified [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: adherence to oral antidiabetics (OADs) in patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (DM2) can affect disease control and therefore needs to be evaluated. For this, fast, simple, valid and reliable tools are needed. Thus, the objective of this review was to identify those validated questionnaires that are used to measure adherence to OADs in clinical practice. Method: a bibliographic search was carried out in the Medline, Scopus and LILACS databases. The selection of articles was performed by 2 authors independently based on Prisma recommendations. The selection criteria were: Articles with validated questionnaires in patients with DM2, in Spanish or English and published until 31 November 2022. Reliability tests (internal consistency, item-total correlation, intraclass correlation coefficient) and validity of the questionnaires (construct validity, criteria and content). Results: 23 articles were part of the review.10 questionnaires to measure adherence to the ODAs were obtained, which were validated in 14 countries. The 8-item Self-Reported Medication Adherence Measure (MMAS-8) and the Adherence to Refills and Medications Scale (ARMS) were the most used. All presented at least one measure of validity and reliability, the validity of known groups being the least used. Conclusions: There are questionnaires that present better validity or reliability data than others, but it should be the healthcare professional who determines which one best suits their patients or their study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Unintended pregnancies in adolescents have serious consequences both for the adolescents themselves and their babies and for the use of health system resources. One of the reasons is the low use of oral contraceptive pills (OCPs) among this population, mainly due to lack of information or non-adherence to the medication. The aim of this study was to describe the information adolescents receive about OCPs and their use, as well as their perception of the role of the community pharmacist in this field. Method: A cross-sectional observational study was carried out by means of a survey applied to women aged 12-19 years living in Spain, regardless of whether or not they had used OCPs, during April 2021. Different social networks were used to disseminate the survey. Different Spanish associations dedicated to family planning and adolescent sexual health counselling were also contacted. Results: 81.7% (n=76) of respondents had not taken OCPs, although 35.5% (n=33) had had sex. The 6% (n=1) who were taking or had taken OCPs reported adherence. 88% (n=82) thought that the pharmacist is knowledgeable about medicines; however, only 19.4% (n=18) would consult them for OCP questions. Conclusions: To solve the problems of lack of information about OCPs and adherence in adolescent women, the community pharmacist is an accessible professional who can contribute to this by taking an active role and using different forms of educational materials. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetive: To analyze the improvement of adherence in non-adherent patients with uncontrolled HT, polymedicated and older than 55 years after the use, or not, of Multicompartment compliance aids (MCA). Design: Longitudinal research (6 month). Levels of adherence to treatment were analyzed using an adapted version of Morisky-Green test, counting of returned medication (MCA group) and blood pressure (BP) values. Site: Multicenter study in 35 community pharmacies in Spain. Participants: 195 participants (88 MCA group and 107 control group) older than 55 years, polymedicated, non-adherent to medication, with uncontrolled hypertension and using electronic prescription. Interventions: MCA group received their medication in MCA while control group received their medication as usual. Main measurements: Systolic BP/Diastolic BP was recurrently measured with a digital tensiometer in both groups. Results: MCA group obtained a significant decrease in BP values compared to the control group (Systolic BP decreased by 18.3 mmHg in the MCA group vs. 9.9 mmHg in the control group and Diastolic BP by 9.9 mmHg vs. 8.9 mmHg). Both groups increased their adherence to over 90%. Conclusions: The use of MCA controled BP levels in almost 50% of the participants. For this fact, MCA is postulated as a good tool (cost-effective, well tolerated by users, easy to use ...) to improve the adherence of patients and control their hypertension, although more studies are necessary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gaceta Médica de Caracas is the property of Academia Nacional de Medicina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The mapping of behaviors towards the use of medicines informs the conditions under which a pharmacological treatment is implemented. However, the location of medication adherence as a clinical problem evokes well-demarcated place as to the procedures for its explanation and resolution. In this sense, this work aims to problematize the founding elements of the study of medication adherence, considering that such practice is hegemonically assimilated only by scientific and biological parameters, without the inclusion of an approach directed to the patients' historical and cultural specificities. In this way, the primacy of delimitation and explanation of reality is transferred to the analyst. However, the field work showed a diversity of attitudes and management of medicines, capable of indicating that the geography of care is not oriented only from a linear path, but is supported by wandering and itinerant spaces, installing in a paradoxical field that mixes reproduction and creation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oral anticoagulants have been a great ally for physicians in thromboembolic events because they represent a great challenge in their management, causing a high number of deaths in developed countries. Several drugs have been created, such as vitamin K antagonists, that require strict monitoring, over time, molecules known as the direct oral anticoagulants have been developed, these have allowed their administration to be safer and not have to carry out such strict controls. This paper reviews bibliography on the characteristics and therapeutic adherence of direct oral anticoagulants and how they impact thrombotic events. Literature review was carried out, searching for original articles and systematic reviews in PubMed and ScienceDirect. We selected 80 articles, included 52 that fulfilled the stated objective, from these the description of the present text was developed in which aspects related to the epidemiology, pharmacology and adherence of direct oral anticoagulants are developed. Direct oral anticoagulants are drugs that are increasingly prescribed by specialists because they provide greater patient safety but require adequate adherence by these patients to achieve the expected therapeutic effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

OBJECTIVE: To assess the barriers to self-care and adherence to medication during confinement for COVID-19 in patients with type 2 diabetes. MATERIALS AND METHODS: An observational, cross-sectional and longitudinal study was done in patients with type 2 diabetes, the diabetes self-care activities summary tool was used to compare self-care behaviors and the 8-item Morisky-Green questionnaire to assess adherence to medication from April 20 to May 29, 2020. A questionnaire designed by the research team was used to assess difficulties in coping with type 2 diabetes. A multiple linear regression model was used to predict the association between the presence of difficulties and self-care. RESULTS: The frequency of self-care activities decreased for diet (p < 0.008), physical activity/exercise (p < 0.054) and glucose monitoring (p < 0.001). Lack of economic resources was an inverse predictor for adherence to diet (p < 0.001) and glucose monitoring (p < 0.001), and the confinement barrier was an inverse predictor for adherence to diet (p < 0.001) and activity physical/exercise (p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS: Economic and confinement barriers were predictors for the execution of self-care behaviors independently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Argentina de Cardiología is the property of Sociedad Argentina de Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería Nefrológica is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Enfermeria Nefrologica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Universidad Médica Pinareña is the property of Editorial Ciencias Medicas and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In Colombia there are few surveillance programs for pharmacotherapeutic adherence. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence and predictors of non-adherence in a pharmacotherapeutic follow-up program of a cohort of subjects with cardiovascular disease, and the factors associated with improvements in adherence and avoidability were identified. Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional observational study over a period of 9 months in subjects with cardiovascular disease from a high-complexity institution, and pharmacotherapeutic adherence was evaluated using the DADER methodologies, the New York Scale and the Stopp / Start criteria. Results: 265 subjects were studied, 72.4% with ischemic disease, 8% valvular disease, 0.7% heart failure and 18.9% unspecified heart disease. A total of 484 Medication Use- Related Problems (PRUM) and 184 Medication-Associated Negative Result (NRM) were reported. Drug interaction type PRUMs represented 56% and 10% were characterized as avoidable; PRUMs of erroneous administration of the drug represented 20.7% and 100% were characterized as avoidable. Non-quantitative insecurity NRMs represented 30.6% and 5% were characterized as avoidable. Conclusions: Factors susceptible to intervention to promote the safe use of medications, as well as those associated with avoidability, adherence to therapy and PRUM were identified, which allowed the implementation of strategies to minimize these errors during their treatment [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Worldwide high blood pressure (HBP) is a public health problem. In Colombia, HBP has a prevalence of 25% and a high mortality rate; however, the psychosocial factors that affect pharmacological adherence have not been sufficiently studied. Despite international evidence on psychosocial factors in adherence to adherence to hypertension, in Colombia there is a paucity of research on the role of chronic stress in the relationship between socioeconomic status (PSE) and pharmacological adherence. Objetive: To examine the role of chronic stress in the relationship between socioeconomic status and pharmacological adherence in hypertensive patients aged 45 to 70 years old in three Colombian cities. Materials and methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of hypertensive patients during 2015 to 2016. Data for this study came from the first wave of longitudinal study aims to examine social factors associated to the control of hypertension in Bogotá, Medellín and Quibdó. Patients with hypertension were selected randomly from a sample of those that attended a hypertension control program. For the statistical analysis of the data we used factorial analysis and multivariate regressions. Results: We found a positive association of PSE with the measure of pharmacological adherence and negative with chronic stress. In addition, evidence was found that stress has a negative association with the measure of adherence. Conclusions: The results suggest that stress is not a likely mediator between PSE and the pharmacological adherence of hypertensive patients in Colombia. Additional studies are required to confirm these relationships with a larger sample. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of CES Medicina is the property of Universidad CES and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Adicciones is the property of Sociedad Cientifica Espanola de Estudios sobre el Alcohol and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Enfermería en Cardiologia is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Enfermeria en Cardiologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Dose Dispensing Service (SPD) prepared in pharmacies are an option to improve therapeutic adherence. Objective: to describe the characteristics and implantation of SPD from the perspective of professionals of a health center, community pharmacists and patients attached to that center. Methods: Descriptive cross-sectional study in the area of influence of Daroca health center (Madrid). 64 health center professionals, 37 community pharmacists and 29 SPD users participated. Questionnaires were used for each of the categories with questions about knowledge and opinions of SPDs, management, preparation and satisfaction with the service. Results: 61.4% of health center professionals know SPD and 94% believe they are useful. 13 pharmacies offer SPD: 55.6% consider that they should contact the doctor, 41.7% charge for the service and 92.3% do so manually. 5 pharmacies prepare SPD for 18 patients in our local zone. Most used inclusion criteria: age, polymedication and suspicion of poor compliance. Patient profile using SPD: octogenarian woman polymedicated with primary studies living alone. 66.7% of the patients took the medications directly from the box. Pharmacists recommended SPD to 88.9% of patients. 100% of SPD users are very satisfied with the service. Conclusion: Although all the groups studied believe that SPDs are useful for improving adherence, SPDs have a low implementation in our area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The e-receipt finished its implantation in the Valencian Community (CV) in September 2013, observing that the patient did not withdraw part of the medicines prescribed, so a study is designed to find out the various incidents that could be the cause. Objectives: To analyze and quantify the incidences detected in the dispensation of the e-recipes prescribed to patients in community pharmacy (FC) de la CV. Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, prospective multicenter population-based study of the incidences detected in the dispensations of the e-recipes. The target population: patients over 18 years of age, or caregivers. Results: 22,983 requests for medicines or health products (HP) were recorded for 6,621 patients. Of the medicines or HP available for dispensing, 12.0% were rejected. • Discrepancies between what the doctor prescribed and what the patient understood accounted for 19.0% of refusals. • The different reasons related to non-compliance were 32.3% of medicines or health products (HP). • In those medicines where the patient had to pay a contribution, the rejection was slightly higher (12.2%) than in the case of those who did not. Conclusions: The dispensing of prescribed medicines/HP through the e-prescription makes it possible to identify drug related problem DRPs that affect the lack of adherence and discrepancies with what is prescribed in the electronic prescription. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Médica Peruana is the property of Colegio Medico del Peru and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Context: The benefits of psychotropics on the treatment of patients with Schizophrenia, Psychosis NOS, Bipolar and Schizoaffective Disorder are recognized. Adherence to psychotropic regimens is far from satisfactory. Objective: To investigate the effects of group music therapy on the adherence to psychotropic regimens in patients with the above mentioned disorders. Design, setting, and patients: Prospective, randomized controlled trial conducted at four academic medical centers among 85 adults (age ranged between 15 and 65 years) with Schizophrenia (n=38), Psychosis NOS (n=19), Bipolar (n=18) and Schizoaffective Disorder (n=10) diagnosed according to DSM IV criteria. Intervention: Patients were randomly assigned to two groups. None of them had had a previous treatment using group music therapy (GMT). Group 1 (n=42) received 60-min GMT, once a week. Patients participated in the study for 8 weeks. Group 2 (n=43) was accepted as the control group. By consensus, family members (or primary caregivers), psychiatric nurses and psychiatrists, complete the therapeutic adherence assessment, Spanish version (evaluación de la adherencia terapéutica) initially, after the therapy, and at the end of the 6th month, including number of psychotropic medications use, type, frequency and an overall degree of adherence. Main Outcome: % of patients with >80% of adherence using the medication adherence assessment. Results: In group 1, there were statistically significant differences in the degree of medication adherence after the GMT program (73.8% vs. 16.2%, P<0.001). Also, 6 months later in group 1, there was still an improvement in the Medication adherence (69.0% vs. 16.3%, P<0.001). Conclusions: GMT improves overall adherence to psychotropic regimens in patients with Schizophrenia, Psychosis NOS, Bipolar and Schizoaffective Disorder. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To describe what factors may influence medication adherence and what interventions have been developed to improve it. Methods: A search of the most relevant research articles published on the subject was performed in the National Library of Medicine database, Washington, DC (MEDLINE: PubMed). Results: Medication adherence is a complex behavior that has been linked to many aspects, such as socio-economic status, the healthcare team and the healthcare system, condition-related factors, therapy-related factors, and patient-related factors. Many interventions have been developed to improve therapeutic adherence, however, none of them have proved to date to be effective in all patients and permanently. Interventions to enhance adherence can be differentiated in technical interventions, behavioral interventions or educational interventions. Conclusions: Medication adherence is a dynamic behavior influenced by a great variety of factors. Consequently, improvement strategies should be individualized for each patient. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Gerokomos is the property of Indemm Farma SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To describe the most important methods of assessing medication adherence and to determine what methods can be used in the Community Pharmacy daily clinical practice. Methods: A non-systematic search of the most relevant research articles published on the subject was performed in the National Library of Medicine database, Washington, DC (MEDLINE: PubMed). Results: The methods available for measuring adherence can be classified into direct and indirect methods. Direct measures include measurement of the drug or its metabolite concentration in a biological sample and directly observed therapy. Indirect methods include asking the patient (or using a selfreport adherence scale), performing pill counts, using of electronic devices and checking rates of refilling prescriptions. The collection of patient's self-reports questionnaires is a very useful, simple and inexpensive method in clinical settings. Among all the existing questionnaires, the choice of one against another will be based on patient's illness and according to what has to be measured (patient's medication-taking behavior, barriers or beliefs associated with adherence) Conclusions: There are multiple and different methods for assessing therapeutic adherence. None of them is considered the gold standard. For this reason, it is recommended to use several methods. The most feasible options in Community Pharmacy daily clinical practice are the utilization of self-report medication adherence scales and analysis of refilling prescriptions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To obtain feedback on the behavior of glaucoma patients with their treatment and identify factors that may be related to the adherence to treatment in a reference ophthalmological center in Bogotá - Colombia. Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted, including 105 patients who attended the glaucoma consultation at the Fundación Oftalmológica Nacional, between April 2010 and June 2011. Results: The distribution with respect to gender was similar, 53.3% were men. The average age was 64.8 years (range 25-88 years). The level of education was similar in the different groups: primary 34.3%, high school 35%, professional 29.9% 67.7% of the patients documented adherence to treatment; of these, 91.4% have a stable provider of the drops, in 53.3% drops were provided by their health insurance, in 37.1% drops were purchased by the patient, in 5.7% were supplied as a medical sample by the ophthalmologist and 3.8% responded that they not have a stable provider for the drops. Gender was not associated with adherence to treatment (p=0,53). No statistically significant association was found between adherence to treatment and educational level (p=0,56), whether or not the information provided by the treating physician is understood (p=0,314) or the number of bottles required for the treatment (p=0,75). Patients who had a stable provider of the drops had greater adherence to treatment (p <0.001). The stable provider of the drops is a protective factor for adherence to glaucoma treatment (OR 0.26 CI 0.186-0.365). Conclusion: We can conclude that the main cause of non-adherence to topical treatment of glaucoma or intraocular hypertension in our country is not having access to medication. It will be interesting to analyze the impact of the new medication delivery system introduced by our health authority on the adherence to chronic treatments in ophthalmology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. The objectives of this study are to validate the construct of the stages of grief scale (FD-66) as an instrument for measuring the stages of grief and to evaluate its usefulness in discriminating among patients with chronic non-communicable diseases in terms of adherence to the pharmacological treatment prescribed. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from April to October 2015 to determine the association between the stages of grief and treatment adherence. Data were collected using a prolective design. Three instruments were applied: a sociodemographic document, the FD-66 scale, and the Morisky-Green questionnaire. Patients with a history of CNCDs were recruited from the Gustavo A. Madero Family Medicine Clinic in Mexico City. The data were analyzed using the appropriate statistical tests. Results. A total of 165 patients were included. It was observed that high scores on the subscales of denial (odds ratio [OR]: 1.124; confidence interval of 95% [CI95%]: 1.066-1.186; P < 0,001); anger (OR: 1.157; CI95%: 1.080-1.240; P < 0.001), and depression (OR: 1.071; CI95%: 1.029-1.116; P = 0.001) are associated with poor treatment adherence; however, a high score on the acceptance subscale (OR: 0.913; CI95%: 0.880-0.948; P < 0.001) is associated with good treatment adherence. The greatest sensitivity among the subscales was observed in the denial and anger stages (area under the [ABC] curve: 0.597 in both). Conclusions. The FD-66 is an instrument with good construct validity as a tool for measuring the stages of grief and makes it possible to identify patients with CNCD that will adhere to treatment. We therefore recommend its use in outpatient medical consultations. Furthermore, our findings indicate that grief is a risk factor that increases poor treatment adherence. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the prevalence of therapeutic noncompliance in diabetes and arterial hypertension in Galician community pharmacies (FC), identifying the factors associated with patients' non-adherence and perception of their treatment. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive, randomized study conducted in August and September 2016 among adult patients receiving treatment with hypoglycemic and/or antihypertensive drugs for at least two months with the same treatment regimen. Noncompliance was assessed with the administration of three questionnaires: Batalla, Haynes-Sacket y Morisky-Green, in one page of data collection that included the three questionnaires, as well as the demographic data of each patient. Results: 31 community pharmacies participated in 27 pharmacies and collected 1,588 (sample size: 1,537) valid questionnaires: 778 (49.0%) females and 810 (51.0%) males, aged 67.6±11.1 years on average. The number of non-compliant patients at least in one of the three tests was 1,245 (78.4%). The average noncompliance was 42.6%. Treatment perception was negative for 35.6% of patients. 51.0% of patients ignore the complications of their illness, 33.1% forget to take their medication, and 29.5% do not believe their prescribed medications are suitable. Conclusions: Noncompliance with the therapeutic guidelines for diabetic and hypertension medication in Galicia is high and affects nearly half the patient population. Poor knowledge of the disease, lower level of education, multiple medication, pensioner age (elderly) and negative perception of medications seem to correlate with a higher prevalence of treatment noncompliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To establish a set of recommendations for the management of patients diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) who cannot be treated with methotrexate (MTX) due to contraindications, drug toxicity or lack of adherence, and to establish therapeutic strategies more effective and safer in these RA patients. A qualitative analysis of the scientific evidence available to June 2015. The 2-round Delphi technique of consensus was used to collect and establish expert opinion based on the participants' clinical experience when only low quality evidence was available. A total of eighteen recommendations were developed for the management of this patient profile. Fourteen of these recommendations were related to drug safety aspects. Recommendations on contraindication and toxicity of MTX have been updated. The experts recommend the use of biological monotherapy, a preferred treatment option, in patients whose profiles reveal a contraindication, intolerance or circumstances that prevent us against the use of MTX. There is some high-quality scientific evidence that supports contraindication and establishes certain conditions of MTX use in RA patients with specific clinical profiles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine whether the Morisky 8-item medication adherence (MMAS-8) is a useful instrument in elderly hypertensive patients attending a primary care center, we conducted a field study with a quantitative approach of evaluation of diagnostic tests in elderly hypertensive patients from the Cardiovascular Health Program Health in Cabrero, Chile. The results of the scale were compared with the blood pressure and the pill-count method. The diagnostic evaluation of the scale using the reference methods of blood pressure and pill count resulted: Sensitivity: 86%, 85%; specificity: 56%, 58%; positive predictive value: 60%, 65%; negative predictive value: 84%. 81%. In conclusion, the scale allows to detect in a simple way and at a low cost, to people who are not adherent to their regimen of drug treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Depression is a psychiatric illness that manifests itself through a low mood and somatic symptoms such weakness, sleep disorders, among others. It occurs mainly at early ages, however it has been described at any age; this disease generates high impact in the familiar, social and work environment of the person. Antidepressant therapy includes drug therapy and psychotherapy, both being essential for the remission of this pathology. Therefore, therapeutic adherence, defined as the compliance with doses and times indicated of the prescribed medication and the acceptance of changes in lifestyle, is considered a clinical challenge that despite of being low studied, significantly improves control of depressive symptoms and avoids consequences such as disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Hypertension is the most common chronic disease in the world, it usually requires pharmacological treatment and the average long-term medication adherence reaches only 50%. Objective: To evaluate factors related with non-adherence to pharmacological treatment in hypertensive patients at the Policlínico XX Aniversario's health area in Santa Clara, and to design an educational program on the subject. Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in a population of 510 hypertensive patients, from which a random sample of 102 hypertensive patients with pharmacological treatment was selected. An individual interview was conducted to evaluate adherence to treatment (Morisky-Green-Levine test) and other interest data was examined. Ten primary care-related physicians were selected and given a questionnaire to evaluate their knowledge about high blood pressure and its treatment. Results: The number of hypertensive patients without adherence to pharmacological treatment represented a 58.8%. Incorrect follow-up, inadequate prescribing, and professionals with deficient knowledge about high blood pressure and its treatment contributed to lack of adherence to hypotensive treatment. Finally, a deficiency-based educational program was designed, which consisted of two foldings and educational lectures for patients, and a postgraduate course for physicians. Conclusions: Non-adherence to pharmacological treatment was associated to poor disease control. Percentage of inadequate prescriptions in the study patients was high and when adequate they were related to better adherence. Primary care physicians' information needs were: Selection of antihypertensive drugs according to the presence of other diseases and therapeutic guidelines. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to determine obstacles associated with the adherence to the strictly supervised treatment of tuberculosis (TB) in two municipalities of Colombia. Methods: case studies (128) and controls (182). Univariate, bivariate, and logistic regression analyzes were performed. Results: the factors associated with nonadherence to TB treatment were: no cohabitation with relatives (OR = 4.54, 95% CI 1.45-14.22), non-attendance to religious meetings (OR = 28.17, 95% CI 4.37-181.75), no antecedents regarding dealing with an illness lasting over two weeks (OR = 3.37, 95% CI 1.59-7.13), did not recognize that TB treatment lasts for up to six months (OR = 3.51, 95% CI 1.87-6.59), drug use (OR = 3.41 , 95% CI 0.95-12.23), occasional lack of treatment supplies by the health services (OR = 5.53, 95% CI 1.20-5.52). Conclusions: The design and development of strategies to ensure adherence to TB treatment must take into account, in addition to the individual behavioral factors of patients, the social and administrative factors that affect their success. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Facultad de Medicina de la Universidad Nacional de Colombia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction. Nonadherence is an important and highly prevalent issue in bipolar disorder, which may have serious consequences. Surprisingly, few studies have been carried out in patients with clinical stability to explore risk factors for nonadherence. Method. Adherence was assessed in 76 bipolar disorder patients with clinical stability using objective and subjective methods, both with a cross-sectional approach and a 3-year retrospective period. Possible associations between nonadherence and sociodemographic, clinical, treatment-related, psychopathological, psychological-subjective and result variables were also assessed. Results. 36.8% of patients were nonadherent. These patients showed greater concerns about medicines, worse functionality, a greater number of episodes and depressive episodes, higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, present and/or past substance use or abuse and a history of depressive episodes with psychotic symptoms. A multivariate analysis revealed that concern about medicines, present and/or past substance use or abuse and psychiatric comorbidities were independently associated with nonadherence. Conclusions. Nonadherence is a frequent phenomenon in bipolar disorder, even in patients with clinical stability. Clinicians should assess patients' beliefs and attitudes towards medicines and help them reevaluate those issues with a more realistic perspective. Clinicians should also take actions to prevent substance use or abuse. Identification of nonadherence risk profile in bipolar disorder patients in clinical stability, adds complementary information to the identified risk profile in acute phases of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article describes the development of an electronic prototype to organize medications --- the Electronic System for Personal and Controlled Use of Medications (Sistema Eletrônico de Uso Personalizado e Controlado de Medicamentos, SUPERMED). The prototype includes a drawer containing 1 month's supply of medicines, sound and visual medication timers, and a memory card for recording the times when the box was opened/closed (scheduled and unscheduled). This information is later transferred to a computer. Evolutionary prototyping was used to develop SUPERMED with the Arduino platform and C programming. To read alarm and box opening/closing data, software was developed in Java. Once the alarms are programmed (ideally by a health care professional), no additional adjustments are required by the patient. The prototype was tested during 31 days by the developers, with satisfactory functioning. The system seems adequate to organize medications and facilitate adherence to treatment. New studies will be carried out to validate and improve the prototype. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: For best results of drug the patient should have some basic knowledge about their medication. The pharmacist is ideal for checking patient knowledge gaps and completing their information. Material and method: In 1926 pharmacies throughout Spain, between January and June 2012, all patients requiring bisphosphonates, anti-asthmatics, benzodiazepines, statins or NSAIDs were interviewed to investigate whether they know the symptoms, dosage, method of use and treatment duration, and to correct or complete the information as necessary. If they have already used the drug they were asked about their perception of effectiveness and safety of it. Results: Data on 199,957 dispensations were obtained. The patient does not know symptoms in 5% of cases, dosage in 6%, manner of use in 10% and treatment duration in 40%. Whenever a patient does not know about a certain aspect of the treatment, their perception of ineffectiveness is greater: indication 1.4% when known, 3.4% when does not know, dosage 1.3% - 5.5%, method of use 1.3% - 4.6%, treatment duration 1% - 2.1%. The same applies to safety. If something is unknown the patient perceives their drug as less safe. Symptoms 6.5% - 8.6%, dosage 6.3% - 13.4%, manner of use 6.2% - 13.4%, treatment duration 5.7% - 7.9%. Conclusions: At the moment of dispensing, the patient lacks information about their treatment, and these deficiencies adversely affect the perception of the patient about the effectiveness and safety of their drugs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Matronas Profesion is the property of Ediciones Mayo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: to describe the belief of caregiver of children who suffer from asthma about care practices, and the asthma medical treatment. Materials and methods: a mixed method study was carried out by way of patients with asthma diagnosis between 0 and 14 years old who had attended Santa Monica Hospital, in Dosquebradas, during January 2013 and August of 2014. The dates revealed 2621 registers in which a stratified random sample was taken for the questioner application. With the participation of 91 people. In the qualitative component, it was done 9 interviews, and it was used a non probability sampling. Results: It is perceived caregivers' lack of awareness about the illness and the treatment, altering its adherence. Increasing the number of exacerbation and reducing asthma pediatric patients the life quality. The cough occurs in 84,6% of cases, 70% use home medicine, 29% of children are absent from school between 3 and 5 days per week, 46% of caregivers limits children physical activity, 35,1% said that inhalers produce addiction, 74,7% stop using them when the child looks good. Conclusion: the caregivers belief based on the lack of knowledge can affect asthma control; caregivers prefer home treatment over medical treatment, increasing relapse and altering the outcome of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]