Search

Copyright of DYNA - Ingeniería e Industria is the property of Publicaciones Dyna SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to analyze the psychometric properties of the German Test Anxiety Inventory adapted to Costa Rica (GTAI-CR), based on the Graded Response Model. For this purpose, the instrument administered to 184 people (101 men, 82 women and 1 person no identified with the previous categories). Each of the four subscales of the GTAI was evaluated independently. It was found that the subscales globally and their items independently showed an acceptable fit to the model. The characteristic curves of each category in each item were plausible for representative population groups. On the other hand, for each subscale, the range where the estimates of these latent scores presented acceptable accuracies was calculated. Finally, recommendations are presented for the GTAI-CR scales to improve the precision of the scores in which they provide low information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a prototype system for acquiring temperature signals in underwater welding. The system uses thermocouples installed on a metal plate and an algorithm designed in LabVIEW to measure and store temperature variations. The validation of the prototype shows results with a difference of less than 2% in dynamic samples and 1% in static samples compared to the reference system. The importance of obtaining temperature data for the analysis of the welded joint and the design of reliable repair procedures is highlighted. Additionally, important considerations for wet underwater welding with the SMAW process are mentioned, such as the chemical compatibility of materials and the use of special electrodes with waterproof coatings. The article describes the design of the prototype using National Instruments hardware and LabVIEW software, as well as the plan to determine uncertainty and implement the temperature data acquisition algorithm. Static and dynamic tests are performed using water as a sample, and it is concluded that the measurement system is reliable and accurate, with measurements close to those of the reference instrument. Its use is recommended in future experiments and underwater measurements with an error of less than 1°C and a reliability of 95%. The important findings show that the measurement system is highly repeatable and accurate, with acceptable accuracy and a difference of less than 2% compared to the reference system. In general, it is concluded that the temperature measurement system used is reliable, accurate, and highly repeatable, making it suitable for use in a variety of applications that require precise and consistent temperature measurements within a specific range. [Extracted from the article]

Mexico, among the OECD countries, is the country with the greatest difference in income between rich and poor. This situation has been accompanied by high levels of perception of corruption. The goal is to show that corruption and income inequality are correlated. The estimates are affected by the endogeneity problem caused by the two-way causality of corruption and income inequality, and by measurement errors of the variable used for corruption. Therefore, the method of simultaneous equations is used and it is estimated by error-component two stage least squares (EC2SLS), alternatively the Generalized Method of Moments (GMM) and sys-GMM are used, to analyze the sensitivity of the results. Robust evidence is found of a positive relationship between corruption and income inequality in Mexico in the period 2010-2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Methaodos: Social Science Journal / Methaodos: Revista de Ciencias Sociales is the property of Departamento de Ciencias de la Comunicacion y Sociologia, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of the new Ingenuity TF model PET / CT system installed at cedt-CIMEQ, based on the implementation of latest international standards. Measurements were made following NEMA NU2-2012 and manufacturer's indications. The tests carried out were: energy resolution; timing resolution; spatial resolution; sensitivity; scatter fraction, counts loss, and random measurements; relative count rate error and image quality. The estimated energy and timing resolutions were 55,3 keV and 529 ps respectively. The results showed an average spatial resolution of 5.17 mm and an average absolute sensitivity of 8,26 cps / kBq. The maximum NECR peak was 119,09 kcps at 20,65 kBq / mL, while the maximum of the true count rates was 361,43 kcps at the concentration of 31,78 kBq / mL. Scatter fraction at NECR peak was 35,2% and relative error of accuracy of corrections had a maximum value of 9%. In the images obtained in the image quality test, all spheres were observed and no artifacts were found. The PET / CT Ingenuity TF System installed at cedt-CIMEQ shows physical performance similar or higher to other last generation scanners for all the parameters determined with the NEMA NU2-2012. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Decision making in extreme situations is a superior executive process involving many factors, impulse control, risk assessment and cognitive flexibility to shift attention to different aspects of a stimulus. Most studies of decision making in extreme situations are based on observing how experts perform various tasks in a natural environment in real time. In combat situations, crews from armored units carry out decision-making under complex conditions and high levels of stress. The objective of this work is to evaluate the variables that make up these superior executive processes to obtain a clear description of the expert profile required for combat tank crew positions and thus, to design training programs that improve these capabilities. Method: a study was carried out with a group of crews (n=23) and a control group (n=26). Each of them performed three neurocognitive computer tasks that assessed impulsivity, flexibility and risk assessment (Go/noGo, Iowa test and Switch task). Results: significant differences are shown in the measurement of omission errors in these trials (t=5.795; p<0.020). In the rest of measures, no differences were found between the two groups. Conclusions: according to these results, the Leopard 2E crew show more errors of omission, which seems to be related to a greater inhibitory control of their attack responses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigación e Innovación en Ingenierías is the property of Universidad Simon Bolivar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this paper, the results obtained bythe registration process of brain ¡mage volumes obtained by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) using two different computational frameworks are presented. The objective is to compare the performance of each framework, focusing this comparison in the error measurement obtained by brain volumes registration. The comparison involves the intra patient and intra modality (MRI-MRI and fMRI-fMRI) registration. Statistical Parametric Mapping (SPM) and Insight Segmentation and Registration Toolkit (ITK) are chosen as registration frameworks. The proposed methodology considers the data sets generation, test planning, designing test cases, tests execution and evaluating. Finally, these results are analysed. The correspondence between the volumes registered and the target volume using the ITK framework is greater than that obtained with the SPM framework. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this work was to develop and evaluate a color measurement prototype in fresh vegetables as an economic alternative to equipment and commercial techniques. The DHT11 temperature and TCS230-3200 color sensors were used connected to a data acquisition card (Arduino Nano). The information transfer to a computer was established with the PXL-DAQ and Microsoft Excel® 2013 software, and the measurements were recorded in RGB color model for its conversion to CIE L*a*b* system. Comparison tests of measurements were carried out on PANTONE color chart with the prototype and a Konica Minolta CR-400 colorimeter, determining the average error between measurements. An average error of 15,57% and 27,45% was found in the measurements registered by the color prototype and the colorimeter, respectively, which showed that the use of prototype is an appropriate alternative technique for measuring color in fresh vegetables. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

High blood pressure (BP) is a highly prevalent modifiable cause of cardiovascular disease, stroke, and death. Accurate BP measurement is critical, given that a 5-mmHg measurement error may lead to incorrect hypertension status classification in 84 million individuals worldwide. This position statement summarizes procedures for optimizing observer performance in clinic BP measurement, with special attention given to low-tomiddle- income settings, where resource limitations, heavy workloads, time constraints, and lack of electrical power make measurement more challenging. Many measurement errors can be minimized by appropriate patient preparation and standardized techniques. Validated semi-automated/automated upper arm cuff devices should be used instead of auscultation to simplify measurement and prevent observer error. Task sharing, creating a dedicated measurement workstation, and using semi-automated or solar-charged devices may help. Ensuring observer training, and periodic re-training, is critical. Low-cost, easily accessible certification programs should be considered to facilitate best BP measurement practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina is the property of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents an analysis of applying the optimization of mean-variance mapping technique in the problem of estimating the parameters of the soil model of two horizontal layers. This problem consists of determining the parameters of the soil model from experimental measurements of apparent resistivity obtained with Wenner method, minimizing the mean square error between values of the experimental and theoretical resistivity curves, which are calculated with mathematical expressions and soil parameters acquired through the optimization of mean-variance mapping technique. Several tests were carried out with resistivity measurements that correspond to different soil types, the results were contrasted with those reported in the technical literature and metaheuristics implemented. In conclusion, according to the results, the performance of the optimization of mean-variance mapping technique was found to be superior than other analyzed optimization techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo discurre sobre el fenómeno de falsedades en investigaciones publicadas. El autor comenta sobre la prevalencia de sesgos y prejuicios en los resultados de estudios, y describe la importancia de la comprobación de estas investigaciones y sus hallazgos por organizaciones independientes.

The increasing demand of reliable results give to measurement uncertainty a key importance and impose to analytical laboratories a correct estimation of this. An estimation of measurement uncertainty of the sulphate determination in water, using GUM approach and the analysis of some associated topics, is presented. The principal sources identified were, absorbance influenced by matrix effect and the mathematical regression model used. It was determined the uncertainty variation trend with concentration and emphasized the necessity of informing the uncertainty according to concentration level of result. It was demonstrated the importance of verify the uncertainty estimates and the inconvenience to use specially prepared solutions to obtain it. It became evident the contribution of sampling component into global uncertainty of result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a demographic study of the region of Guadalajara, Spain, during the early modern period of 1530 to 1860. The authors aim to discover the changes in population in that region over the course of 330 years, as well as to evaluate the reliability and accuracy of the various censuses taken during that time period. Baptism records and population statistics are used as sources to assess the censuses of 1591, 1752, 1787 and 1860. The study's results conclude that Guadalajara underwent a period of declining population beginning at the end of the 16th century that extended throughout the following centuries. Accuracy of the 1591 and the 1860 censuses is called into question.

Two strategies to understand and document causality are: 1) clinical reasoning (CR) and 2) clinical trial (CT). CR identifies: basal state, maneuver and outcome. These components show us the complex of causality, its identification and control allows us to avoid systematic errors, such as: at baseline-improper assembly and susceptibility bias, during the application of the maneuver-performance bias, and at measurement of outcome-detection and transfer bias. In the CT tactics attempt to separate the effect of the main maneuver from the effect of other components that participate in causality previously described in CR. CT takes advantage of its characteristics: the opportunity to manipulate the maneuver and the temporality into the causal relationship. Some features to highlight are: the allocation of the maneuver, blinding of the maneuver, the feasibility of early interruption of the maneuver, the analysis according to maneuver adherence, the groups to compare, the timing of comparative maneuver, and the informed consent. Each occasion the clinician applies all this knowledge and skills, in a conscious way and structured, he improves his efficiency and align medical practice with clinical research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To study the morphological conformation of horses, external measurement techniques known as "zoometric techniques" have been used, which are laborious processes that make it difficult to obtain immediate results. Currently, there are other techniques such as photogrammetry, which has been used successfully in other countries, but its use in this country is unknown and therefore not used in veterinary medicine. In this study, we used a photogrammetric program for the morphometric study of horses through a modified methodology. The results obtained with this technique were compared with zoometric measurements and so the degree of variation between them was determined. To carry out the study, five horses of both sexes, located in the farm Las Palmas, La Florida district, Municipality of Villamaría, Caldas, were used. A series of labels with reference to anatomical regions of interest were placed in the forelimb and hind limb of each individual, and then each animal was placed in a previously prepared ground where three lateral plane photographs were taken which were then processed with Photomodeler Scanner 6.2 software. The results obtained with the software did not show significant differences in relation to the in vivo measurements obtained through zoometric techniques, resulting in an average margin of error of 0.24%, thus demonstrating the degree of accuracy when obtaining longitudinal measures from the horses' lateral plane. Based on studies applying photogrammetric techniques, this is recommended as an efficient, accurate and reliable software tool for the morphometric study of horses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this research was to evaluate the knowledge and consumption of herbs in Medellin. This research was carried out at the Educational Institution INEM "José Félix de Restrepo" Located in the city of Medellin, Colombia. The analysis was made using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) with type canonical orthogonal contrast where the sample size was 396 students, based on a confidence level of 95% and a maximum permissible error of 4.9%. The students were randomly chosen according to the weighting factors: sex and educational level. It was found highly significant differences (p<0.01) in the knowledge of herbs according to the level of schooling, as in the use that is given to them. It was also found a difference in the frequency of consumption according to stratum. The main conclusion is that the students have knowledge about aromatics plants, but their consumption is not frequently. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In clinical research it is impossible and inefficient to study all patients with a specific pathology, so it is necessary to study a sample of them, The estimation of the sample size before starting a study guarantees the stability of the results and allows us to foresee the feasibility of the study depending on the availability of patients and cost. The basic structure of sample size estimation is based on the premise that seeks to demonstrate, among other cases, that the observed difference between two or more maneuvers in the subsequent state is real. Initially, it requires knowing the value of the expected difference (δ) and it's data variation (standard deviation). These data are usually obtained from previous studies. Then, other components must be considered: α (alpha), percentage of error in the assertion that the difference between means is real, usually 5 %; and β, error rate accepted the claim that the no-difference between the means is real, usually ranging from 15 to 20 %. Finally, these values are substituted into the formula or in an electronic program for estimating sample size. While summary and dispersion measures vary with the type of variable according to the outcome, the basic structure is the same. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Foro Internacional is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencias de la Salud is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ingeniería Mecánica is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper shows a study made about the bending process in a company, to define which factors have an effect on the dimensions (bending length and bending angle) of the metal pieces obtained. The study develops according to Design of Experiments methodology. For this study, four factors were considered (operator, bending machine, sheet material, sheet thickness) at two levels each factor. Levels were chosen at random from a variety of possible levels; two replicates were taken for each treatment combination. Experimental runs were made at random to ensure absence of systematic error in data obtaining. There were made 32 experimental runs representing 32 bending length data and 32 bending angle data with all possible combinations of factor levels. The data analysis shows that dimensions of bended pieces change. Relating the bending length, there are variability in levels of the factors Bending Machine and Thickness, and in the interaction Bending Machine*Operator. Considering bending angle, there are variability in levels of the factors Operator and Thickness and the interaction Operator*Thickness. In brief, bending process presents considerable variations that can be worrying when requiring great accuracy for a later assembly process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Methodological adequacy of survey when measuring racism and xenophobia has been discussed in previous studies. The aim of this paper is to improve measurement through survey methods. First, a theoretical approach is made to the concepts of racism and xenophobia, considering the different forms and aspects of their measurement according to existing theoretical and empirical research. Secondly, the main errors that may crop up when recording such phenomena are dealt with. Then, we move down to the level of the indicators used. The effectiveness of the traditional indicators used in CIS surveys, which are compared with «new» indicators applied earlier in the European Social Survey (2002-2003), is assessed using the articulation of multivariate analytical techniques (cluster and discriminant) in both analysis and validation samples. These «new» indicators end up by showing greater effectiveness when measuring attitudes against immigration, due mainly to the question format adopted in the questionnaire. Nevertheless, measurement errors are still detected and some proposals for dimensions, indicators and question formats are given in order to help advancing in the complex detection of latent racism and xenophobia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyzes over-education in Colombia, using the data of individuals and companies, compiled by the National Apprenticeship Service (SENA) in 2006. It finds that there is a 14% likelihood of being over-educated and that this depends on the mobility between different areas of performance, experience, sex, company size, and educational degree. Overeducated workers earn 2% less than properly-educated workers, according to the international standard. Results also show that in the case of professionals, the likelihood of remaining in the same subject area increases with their experience, and that the higher the level of over-education, the lower likelihood of staying in that area, and workers who hold a graduate degree are less likely to stay in their subject area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigations express the relation between geometry aspects and statistical parameters of dimensional control in the manufacturing process. It defines the errors in the dimensional control with smooth limit gage as error type I and error type II and the effectiveness of the dimensional control with calibre through the procedures developed for the calculation of error and effectiveness. An analysis of the norm NC 16-04 to calculate the geometric parameter with the smooth limit gage on the base of effectiveness and it is offered some recommendations to diminish the instability of errors and to increase the effectiveness. This process are very used the mechanic and sugar industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose a model for the determination of the London penetration depth for ceramic superconducting samples, which is based on the two-fluid model. For the experimental measurements we used the equivalent circuit of a resonant cavity. The model describes the dependence of the penetration with temperature by means the factor correction A, due the impurities of sample and experimental errors. We consider the field penetration at T=0, and introduce the γ parameter, which is consequence of the dependence of penetration depth with magnetic field with temperature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transitive geostatistic, theory almost lost in time, is a way to deduce a formula to evaluate the geometric error associated to the evaluation of an orebody with unknown limits. The error does not depend directly on the random functions spatial variability, but depends on the orebody perimeter and area. To calculate this error the orebody, defined in the domain D, is discretized as square grid with selectivity units d. It is function of the parameter N, which represents the number of selectivity units in the orebody. It is also function of parameters N1 and N2, which are associated to the number of vertices in the orebody contour along gird main axis directions. In some deposits with continuous and big orebodies it converges quickly to zero. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of satellite images to study the physical, biological and chemical processes from the ocean has been an important tool in the oceanographic research and monitoring in different regions from the planet. Although, this tool is widely used in these studies, it's requires a validation process to guarantee the reliability of the data. This work shows the results of validating data of chlorophyll-a concentration obtained from satellite sensor MODIS (Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer), with in situ data obtained from oceanographic expeditions in the Colombian Pacific Ocean and its insulars areas in the last three years colleted by Centro Control Contaminación del Pacifico (CCCP). Validation was made calculating the root mean square log error, the average absolute error, the bias and the correlation coefficient. The comparison indicated a root mean square (RMS) log error of 25.18%, with a correlation coefficient of 0.7 using 17 data points where in situ and MODIS data were coincident and collocated. The Colombian pacific ocean showed very good agreement with MODIS, however shows a negative bias, indicating an underestimation of Chlorophyll-a. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presenting a computer program written in VB 6.0, to calculate the difference between internal consistency coefficients (Cronbach's alpha) obtained in independent small samples and with instruments have a small number of parts or items. The comparison of reliability coefficients allow to identify possible differences in amount of measurement error in instruments; this methodology use the hypothesis testing approach for test the null hypothesis of equally reliability coefficients. This situation is tending to be common in clinical practice between psychologists or allied career, and even in the construction phases of instruments of measurement, for example in pilot samples. The proposed technique is from the work of Feldt and Kim (2006), and offers a viable and interesting methodological proposal that expands the analysis of the reliability of instruments of psychological and educational measurement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El artículo ofrece un análisis de las estadísticas e índices globales presentados en el artículo anterior. Se enfoca específicamente en la percepción y perspectiva internacional de Uruguay mientras se explica la frecuencia de los errores sistémicos que se ven como resultado de estudios de esta variedad.