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Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Antibiotics are one of the potential contaminants in milk. The application of these pharmacological treatments generates residues that can persist for a longer or shorter time, in treated animals and in processed products. The aim of this study was to determine the presence of antibiotic residues in raw and pasteurized bovine milk from dairy farms of Lerma Valley basin in Salta. From 10 dairy farms, milk samples were taken from both the cooling tank and from15 random cows, prior to milking and after the cleaning routine. Milk Samples were also taken from 17 sachets from different commercial brands. The standard qualitative test Delvotest® SP NT was used for the determination of antibiotics. Of 150 milk samples obtained, 30 were positive for the presence of antibiotics, which represents 20% of the total evaluated. A similar percentage (2/10) was detected in samples from the cooling tank. All commercial milk samples were negative for the presence of antibiotics. The results of this study indicate that there are dairy farms where the use of these products is carried out without considering the recommended withdrawal times and that the milk from treated animals is stored together with the milk obtained from the rest of the herd. Also, that the milk which is consumed by the population would not represent any risk regarding the ingestion of antibiotic residues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencias de la Actividad Física y el Deporte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Española de Física is the property of Real Sociedad Espanola de Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Argentinian Horticulture / Horticultura Argentina is the property of Revista Horticultura Argentina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A cross-sectional survey was performed in 54 family farm units (FU) and 5 dairy commercial farm (CF) from different regions of Jujuy and Salta provinces, with the aim of studying the association between the seroprevalence against Toxoplama gondii antibodies in goats flocks and risk factors related to the farm units and the goats management. Sera were processed by the indirect fluorescent antibody test IFAT (n = 629) and indirect ELISA (n = 619) techniques. The Chi-square, Odds Ratio (OR) and logistic regression were used for the statistical analysis of the variables. Of the 59 visited flocks, 67.8% of them had at least one seropositive goat, showing differences between FU (66.7%) and CF (80%). The general prevalence was 18.2% (95 % CI: 15.9-20.6%). The risk factors significantly associated to T. gondii prevalence greater than 20% of the sampled goats would be a percentage of cats greater than 1.1% in relation to the total number of mating goats (OR 5.26; 95% CI: 1.62-17.1) and the milking practice (OR 13.03; 95% CI: 2.19-80.3). The present results show that infestations by T. gondii in the goat flocks of Salta and Jujuy are important and deserves further studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sanidad Militar is the property of Ministerio de Defensa, Subdireccion General de Publicaciones y Patrimonio Cultural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Nacional del Nordeste and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A cross-sectional survey was performed in 35 family farming units (FFU) in the Municipality of Payogasta (Salta), with the aim of describing production practices in their goat flocks. Data on management, feeding, reproduction and health practices were recorded. FFU had on average 80.1 ±57.1 goats (not including kids). The predominant biotypes was Anglo Nubian (60.5%) with Criollo crosses. Animals are extensively managed, with nocturnal enclosure, and flock feeding was based on grazing the hills, lucerne, crops or their residues. The 100% of the FFU produced milk by hand-milking to make cheeses. Breeding was stationed (51.4%), while in the rest it was continuous. The 65.7% of the FFU routinely dewormed. Those FFU that had stationed mating system and dewormed showed to obtain a tendency of higher production values. These results show important productive limitations that, with simple practices it would be possible to increase production and the well-being of producing families. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, software companies are part of an important economic sector worldwide, because they are more lucrative and well-paid every day, generating significant transformations at a social and economic level, in the same way with the progress of the business and knowledge management; At present, software companies are part of an important economic sector worldwide, because they are more lucrative and well-paid every day, generating significant transformations at a social and economic level, in the same way with the progress of companies and knowledge management; in order to obtain quality software, it implies the use of agile methodologies, or international standardized models of ISO quality for the analysis, design, programming and testing of software that allow unifying the work philosophy, in order to achieve greater "reliability, maintainability and analysis ", while raising productivity, both for development work and for software quality control; In this research, a study of the latest scientific and bibliographic publications is carried out, such as: Standards, policies, methodologies or procedures for the analysis, design, development, programming and control tests of software established for its elaboration, as evidenced in this article; The policies established for its elaboration are related to the definition of standards, in order to develop competitive software at the regional and international level it is required to be connected to the ISO / IEC 12207,, ISO / IEC 15504 SPICE, ISO / IEC 14598 certification systems and ISO 25000, this to consider if a company is mature. As a result, Colombia could be one of the interpreters of the new digital economy, through coordinated actions, if the concept of software quality is consolidated to become an exporter of this service, in order to develop competitive software in the international arena it is required to be connected to the certification systems, this is because today it is considered a poorly mature industry that from some points of view looks like "a craft rather than an industry" [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of INSPILIP. Revista Ecuatoriana de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovacion en Salud Pública is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigacion en Salud Publica (INSPI) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this research, the creation of an interface that allows the connection between PLC equipment from different manufacturers and the philosophy of profit of software is proposed, on the one hand we have the industrial automation giant Allen Bradley, who has quite a presence in our region, and It has a suite of proprietary software that increases its cost proportionally with its functionality, and on the other hand Industrial Shields, a company that has emerged in the search for low-cost equipment, sheltered by the apogee and boom of technology based in open source, which offers equipment with industrial support features, programmable in Open Source platforms; The development of this methodology is divided into 2 stages, divided into two stages, it is translated into an essay, it is created in an API, SOA and web interface, with all this information is collected in the operation of the two devices, and currently . The interconnection compatible protocols, the bases for a second stage, the design of a connection protocol, which can be managed by Allen Bradley PLC from an-Arduino -based PLC; ¿What is the problem? How does it work? How does it work? The complete development of the project that could find the style of architecture that allows interoperability between equipment and software from different manufacturers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Médica MD is the property of Comite Editorial de la Revista Medica MD and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Percutaneous transpedicular fixation techniques are an emerging tool in the treatment of spinal trauma, however, their use is not fully accepted. Objective: Compare results in patients with traumatic vertebral fracture, treated with percutaneous transpedicular fixation surgery versus open transpedicular fixation. Material and methods: From January to December 2016, 15 patients with traumatic vertebral fracture were randomly divided into 2 groups, group A were six treated with percutaneous transpedicular fixation, group B were treated with open technique transpedicular fixation, three patients were eliminated. Transoperative bleeding, postoperative pain with the 24-hour and two-week postoperative visual scale, the six-week Oswestry lumbar pain disability index, and three, six, 12 and 24 months of postoperative control were evaluated. Results: The follow-up was 24 months. Statistically significant differences in transoperative bleeding (p 2.43E-05), EVA on the first day (p < 0.0003), EVA at two weeks (p = 0.01) were reported in the Oswestry lumbar pain disability questionnaire at six weeks (p = 0.0007), three months (p = 0.005), six months (p = 0.005), 12 months (p = 0.01) and 24 months (p = 0.004), no significant differences were observed with respect to operating time (p = 0.12). Discussion: In our work we find that transoperative bleeding, postoperative pain and functional disability are significantly minor in the percutaneous transpedicular fixation group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Acta Ortopédica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Ortopedia, AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agricultura Sociedad y Desarrollo is the property of Colegio de Postgraduados and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Lúdica Pedagógica is the property of Universidad Pedaggica Nacional and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Analisis Politico is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents an approach for passive upper limb rehabilitation based on four case studies by analyzing the pathologies and exercises that are applied. To carry out the experimentation in the proposed cases, the data from the trajectories of the patient's arm articulations were registered, performing the rehabilitation exercises with a therapist. The ERMIS exoskeleton's seven degrees of freedom was designed to emulate the anatomical movements in the arm during rehabilitation from the requirements of the case studies. To validate the exoskeleton performance in the study cases, the ERMIS's dynamic model was simulated and the data were compared with the sampled data of the exercises. At the end, the results obtained from exoskeleton exercises emulating rudder therapy, where shoulder, elbow and wrist movements were showed with an accuracy of 95%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan is the property of Revista Biologico Agropecuaria Tuxpan and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Sanidad Militar is the property of Ministerio de Defensa, Subdireccion General de Publicaciones y Patrimonio Cultural and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Nomadas (01217550) is the property of Universidad Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agriscientia is the property of Revista AgriScientia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ginecología y Obstetricia de México is the property of Federacion Mexicana de Ginecologia y Obstetricia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

With the purpose of diagnosing the presence of possible causes of reproductive losses, 4 groups of breeding females were surveyed and formed after the mated period ended in 5 beef cow-calf ranches (BCR) of Salta province. The groups in each BCR were: PC, pregnant cows (n=15), PH, pregnant heifers (n=15), NPC, no pregnant cows (n=10) and NPH, no pregnant heifers (n=10). At pregnancy diagnosis, body condition (BC) was recorded and females were sampled for diagnosis of brucellosis, bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVD), bovine herpesvirus 1, infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR), neosporosis and leptospirosis. Blood Se values and serum Cu, Zn, Mg Ca and thyroxine (T4) were determined. In the 5 BCRs, a greater (p<0.05) BC was found in the PC than in the NPC. No venereal diseases were diagnosed in the bulls. The prevalence and/or serum titers for the infectious diseases investigated were generally low, with no differences between groups, except in 2 BCRs where the seroprevalence of antibodies to Neospora caninum was higher (p<0.01) in NPC than in PC. Se, Ca, Mg and T4 values were normal and did not show differences between groups, but in one BCR there were animals with marginal Se values. With the exception of one BCR, groups had marginal Cu deficiencies. Three BCR presented marginal levels of Zn. These results indicate the probable importance of diet, micromineral deficiencies and neosporosis and encourage further studies to improve the reproductive rates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of a 52 year old male patient who has been admitted to hospital for neurosurgery and had a history of frontal tumor. Topics discussed include lesion in antibiotic treatment, echographic study for detecting lesion, meningeal thickening of calvarial lesion and computed tomography (CT) scan.

Copyright of Acta Ortopédica Mexicana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Ortopedia, AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Background: Epicondylitis is a highly frequent condition in the Mexican population. Recent studies have reported good results with platelet rich plasma. However, corticosteroids are the most common treatment used in Mexico. Objective: To conduct a comparative study to determine which treatment provides better results (platelet rich plasma versus corticosteroids). Material and methods: Patients were randomized into two groups. Group A was treated with a single administration of platelet rich plasma and group B with a single dose of 40 mg of methylpredniso-lone. Patients were assessed using a visual analog scale (VAS) and the Quick DASH scale, applied before the procedure, and at one, three and six months. Results: The results were compared with an analysis using the Student t test. One month after treatment the patients had improvement with no significant difference between both groups. At three months results were better with platelet rich plasma; however, at six months improvement with the latter declined slightly. Conclusions: The results show that platelet rich plasma provided better results from the perspective of pain control and effect duration. However, the number of applications and the possibility of improving the outcomes if combined with rehabilitation have not yet been determined. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses medical diagnostic problems concerning Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome and multiple hypervascular nodular images. It makes specific reference to a 54-year-old male patient whose spine and brain were evaluated with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). MRI confirmed the existence of multiple nodular images in hypervascular cerebellum and medulla. It further describes another example of congenital disease concerning Von Hippel-Lindau syndrome.

Introduction: Conservative surgery and reconstruction with an unconventional prosthesis are indicated for tumors of the humerus without neurovascular compromise, as they help preserve shoulder, elbow and hand function. The humerus is the third most frequent site of benign, aggressive, malignant and metastatic tumors that cause functional limitation or limb loss. Material: Patients with a bone tumor of the humerus without neurovascular involvement that met the inclusion criteria. Unconventional, uncemented, RIMAG prosthesis with diaphyseal fit and locking bolts. Methods: 39 patients with intraarticular type I tumors according to the Malawer and Enneking classification were treated with tumor resection and reconstruction with an unconventional prosthesis and soft sarcomas (2), chondroblastoma (2) and aneurysmatic bone cyst (1). Twelve patients died due to systemic disease and the remaining patients survived. Surgical margins were broad, with humeral resection between 100 and 230 mm. Functional results were assessed according to the Mus-coloskeletal Tumor Society score as 13 excellent, 16 good, 5 failures and 5 poor. Discussion: The resection level does not restrict the placement of this prosthesis, which permits future revisions. An appropriate result depends on the resection size and the preserved shoulder musculature and it is not limited by the size of resection, thus improving patients' disability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Paso Otero 4 is located in the middle basin of the Quequ?n Grande River (Necochea District, Argentina), within the Paso Otero archaeological locality. Human occupations were dated at ca. 8900-4600 years BP. The aim of this paper is to present the main trends of the lithic technology at the site, basically in relation with raw material acquisition, knapping techniques, tool production and the stages of the chaine operatoire represented in the two archaeological levels that compose the site. On the basis of this information the functionality of the site is discussed. Finally, the results presented in this paper are compared with the available lithic information from nearby sites of different chronology: Paso Otero 5 (Pleistocene-Holocene transition), Paso Otero 3 (Middle Holocene) and Zanj?n Seco 2 (Late Holocene). Changes in the technological strategies during the Late Pleistocene-Holocene periods in the middle basin of the Quequ?n Grande River are proposed. The latter includes, among others, a reduction in the catchment areas of lithic resources and a provisioning places strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cirugía Plástica Ibero-Latinoamericana is the property of Cirugia Plastica Ibero-Latinoamericana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: To assess the functional efficacy of the RIMAG unconventional hip prosthesis in cancer and non-cancer patients. Material and methods: Functional analysis of 38 patients with RIMAG arthroplasty, using the Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Scoring System and including the following: functionality versus histologic diagnosis (5 malignancies, 3 metastases, 14 giant cell tumors (GCT), 8 with other benign tumors, and 8 had no tumor), age (40.4 ± 19.1 years), sex (24 females, 14 males), postoperative follow-up (34.7 ± 31.3 months). Analysis of intraoperative, immediate and late complications, time to weight bearing, gait and work or social reintegration were also assessed. Results. Global mean of ideal functionality was 65.6 ± 23.2%. Age was negatively correlated with the functionality rate (r = -0.507, p = 0.001); significant difference with the histologic diagnosis: malignant tumors 54.8, metastasis 58.6, giant cell tumor 25.6, other benign tumors 34.2, non-tumor causes 56.6 (p = 0.001). When functionality means were adjusted for age with a covariance analysis, better percentages were found for benign tumors (79.2 ± 6.8%) and giant cell tumors (76.4 ± 6.3%), less functionality for non-tumor causes (45.7 ± 7.6%), and intermediate percentages for malig- nant tumors and metastasis (p = 0.03). Intraoperative complications occurred in 4 cases (28.6%), immediate in 3 (7.8%), late in 15 (39.4%); 62.5% of patients started immediate weight bearing, 92.1% resumed their usual activities after surgery. Conclusions: The reconstruction of the proximal femur with RIMAG is a safe and reliable treatment option, with complication rates below the ones reported in the literature. Satisfactory results were obtained, with high functional rates for benign tumors, and low rates in older patients, malignant tumors and metastasis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giant cell tumor (GCT) is an aggressive benign neoplasia that accounts for 5% of primary bone tumors and 20% of all benign bone tumors. It appears almost exclusively after skeletal maturation, between 20 and 40 years of age, and is predominant among females. We report the case of a 39 year-old male patient who in 1988 sustained a left hip fracture in a pathological area. On July 20, 1988 he underwent excisional biopsy and curettage; on January 13, 1989 broad resection and arthrodesis of the left hip were performed with a cobra plate. The histopathologic diagnosis was GCT. On October 2, 1990 the cobra plate was removed due to fatigue. The patient was referred to our service with a fl oating hip joint and left knee anchylosis. On February 11, 1991 he underwent unconventional hip arthroplasty with a long stem up to the femoral supracondylar area. On February 2, 1995 the implant was removed due to fatigue. On February 16, 1995 an unconventional prosthesis with a long stem was reimplanted for knee arthrodesis. Final shortening was 10 cm. On November 17, 2010 he had radiographic signs of acetabular loosening and fatigue of the arthrodesis stem. On March 17, 2011 the unconventional prosthesis was removed, en-bloc resection of the distal femur was performed, and acetabular and femoral components were put in place. He is currently painless, walks with crutches and has 5.5 cm of shortening. The proximal femur is an infrequent site for GCT. Controlling the neoplasia and limb preservation are the major challenges that orthopedic surgeons and patients face. There are only a few published papers on revision of unconventional arthroplasty. There are no cases published on unconventional hip arthroplasty with ipsilateral knee arthrodesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecología is the property of Revista Chilena de Obstetricia y Ginecologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. Determine the effect of non-genetic factors and breed group, on the useful life (UL) of dual-purpose cows. Materials and methods. Records from 2098 cows were used in the analysis which included all the females who entered to the reproductive program and were culled or died. The data came from two dual-purpose commercial herds located in the basin of the Lake of Maracaibo in Trujillo State. The UL was quantified in number of calving upon culling. The parameters included in the model were: herd (H: AG, VV), year of the first calving (Y1C: 1995-2006), season of the first calving (S1C: January-March, April-May, June-August, September-December), breed group (BG: Zebu, 50%Zebu50European; ZE, Milking Crossbred; MC) and the interaction HxBG y Y1CxBG. Results. The UL average was 2.63 (0.07) calvings. All the factors had highly significant effects (p<0.01) on UL, however, H did not affect UL. It is interesting to highlight that HxBG and Y1CxBG interactions were highly significant (p<0.01) indicating that breed groups behave differently in every herd and during the course of the years. Conclusions. Non-genetic factors and breed group have a high influence on UL. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: to identify the reasons for the early abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding in the city of Medellin in 2011. Methodology: a descriptive study with a 95% confidence interval and a sample of 303 mothers with children under 24 months. These participants were enrolled in one of the social programs of the municipality of Medellin and had abandoned exclusive breastfeeding before the children were six months old. A structured survey was used to collect information regarding the mothers, their children, and the reasons for abandoning early breastfeeding. Frequencies and percentages were described and an assessment was performed to see if motives and age were associated with the abandonment of exclusive breastfeeding. Results: early abandonment occurred mainly before the child was four months old. The main reasons were related to milk production problems, baby rejection, the mother's activities or occupations, and her health status. Additionally, the participants reported the use of infant formulas as substitutes or supplements to breast milk. Conclusions: the reasons for early abandonment of breastfeeding have changed; this is why mothers must have the knowledge needed to increase breast milk production, the assistance of qualified personnel, and the working conditions allowing them to attend to these needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study which aims to determine the perinatal and socio-cultural characteristics of small gestational age (SGA) infants during their first six months of life. It states that the study evaluates diet and anthropometry during six months in a sample of 1596 newborns in Aragon, Spain. Results show that infants born SGA stayed smaller during the first six months of life. It is inferred that infants born SGA have converged nmany characteristics that lead to health risks.

Copyright of Journal of Osteoporosis & Mineral Metabolism / Revista de Osteoporosis y Metabolismo Mineral (Spanish edition) is the property of Ibanez y Plaza and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: Chondrosarcoma is a malignant tumor of chondroid matrix-producing cells; based on its frequency, it is the second most common malignant bone tumor (10-20%) and responds poorly to chemo- and radiotherapy. It is infrequent in the pelvis. It has a rapid growth potential. The indicated treatment is broad resection with tumor-free margins. Pelvic reconstruction after resection is controversial. The current management of musculoskeletal neoplasias has a two-fold purpose. First of all, controlling the neoplasia by means of surgeries with cancer-free margins and, second, performing procedures for the reconstruction of the involved segment achieving limb preservation with maximum functionality. Objective: Intrapelvic reconstruction with the proximal third of the ipsilateral femur in a patient with a chondrosarcoma in Enneking-Dunham's zone II. And placement of an unconventional femur prosthesis. Clinical case: We present herein the case of a 58 year-old male, with a lytic lesion of the right acetabulum. The patient completed the diagnostic protocol, and the biopsy result was dedifferentiated chondrosarcoma. Conclusion: The purpose of the surgical technique is to use the proximal third of the femur as a novel reconstruction alternative with massive autograft for tumor lesions located in Enneking-Dunham zone II. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Archivos de Medicina Veterinaria is the property of Universidad Austral de Chile, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)