Search

Copyright of Caldasia is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Biochar (BC) is presented as an amendment based on biomass pyrolysis residue that promotes an increase in the amount of beneficial bacterial and mycorrhizal communities and the quantity of elemental nutrients for plant fertility; in addition, by its characteristics, it provides recalcitrant carbon, generates physicochemical changes, such as an increase in pH, increase in water retention in soil and cation exchange capacity. Most studies about BC focus on evaluating the results in physicochemical variables into soils, however, few studies show and explain reasons because BC increases beneficial bacterial and mycorrhizal communities to plant growth, for this reason is necessary to selectively analysis to define the mechanisms between BC and microorganisms. This review examines publications of the last 12 years of research on BC in different databases (ScienceDirect, Scopus, Springerlink, SciELO, Google Scholar), focusing on the years (2020-2022), to elucidate the underlying mechanisms that let the interaction between BC-soil microbial communities and its benefits as an agricultural amendment. An accepted hypothesis is the high porosity into BC that serves as a “microhabitat” since it allows ideal conditions of space, temperature, humidity, air, and food growing levels of rhizobacteria and mycorrhizal fungus involved in the solubilization of nutrients such as N, P and K increasing the exo-enzymatic activity of dehydrogenase, β-glucosidase, urease between others improving soil fertility and plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Beneficial microorganisms tend to promote growth and development of Carica papaya at different levels. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of Rhizophagus irregularis and Trichoderma viride on C. papaya growth under greenhouse conditions for 28 days. C. papaya plantlets obtained through micropropagation were used after acclimation. Each plantlet received a treatment with 500 R. irregularis spores and/or 5x107 T. viride spores randomly. The plants were cultured under greenhouse conditions and watered with an 15-15-15 NPK solution for 28 days. The results demonstrate that the treatments with R. irregularis and the coinoculation with R. irregularis and T. viride promoted the vegetative growth of papaya plants by increasing shoot length, shoot diameter, number of leaves and leaf area. Treatment with T. viride did not induce significant changes. It is concluded that the use of beneficial microorganisms such as R. irregularis and T. viride increases the growth parameters of C. papaya in the first days of culture under greenhouse conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Bioestimulants contribute to increase yield reflected in fruits. In this sense, a study was carried out at the Institute of Tecomatlan, Puebla, Mexico, to evaluate the influence of the Quitomax® use and the inoculation with two strains of mycorrhizae in the behavior of some variables of fruit. Seedlings were produced in trays with a commercial substrate, under the same treatments that would later be applied in field conditions, which consisted of a control where seeds were soaked in water three hours, the same time and application form, when mycorrhizae were used, and Quitomax solution. The two mycorrhizal inoculants were applied by coating the seeds. Six treatments were established since both bioestimulants were also used in combination. A randomized block design was used in the field whit four replications. At transplantation time, each inoculum was applied at root system and Quitomax® was sprayed on the foliage at seven and 28 days. The quantity of fruits per plant was evaluated and in the sixth harvest, 30 fruits were taken at random per replication of each treatments, from which the equatorial and polar diameter were measured. Treatments caused variations in the distribution of fruits by size and in the equatorial diameter, but not in the fruit shape. The number of fruits increased with respect to the control, but not their mass to the same extent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fungicides are widely used in current culture systems to control or eliminate fungal plant pathogens. However, these chemicals can affect indigenous soil microorganisms, including those that promote plant growth, such as arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF). Considering the above exposed, the present study set out to determine the effect of different concentrations of the systemic fungicide Previcur energy 84 sl on the presymbiotic stage of Rhizophagus irregularis (INCAM 11), under in vitro culture conditions. Modified Strullu and Romand culture medium (SRM) was employed to evaluate percentage of germination, growth of germinating tube, as well as its percentages of increase and decrease, when studying four concentrations of the Previcur Fungicide (0,1; 1; 10 and 100 mg L-1). At 10 mg -1 a stimulating effect on germination and on the growth of the germ tube of the fungus. The present work constitutes the first evidence on the effect of a systemic fungicide in the presimbiotic stage of mycorrhizal fungus on in vitro conditions reported in Cuba. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ecosistemas y Recursos Agropecuarios is the property of Universidad Juarez Autonoma de Tabasco and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The production of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) still does not meet the needs of population consumption, given the limitations and low distribution of the technological package that includes several products of international origin that guarantee the management and health of the crop, among which the nutritional requirements are of great importance. The combined effect of different bioactive products on the growth and yield of common bean seeds cultivar 'Buenaventura', was evaluated. The experiment was conducted at the Jucaibama Experimental Station, belonging to the Instituto de Investigaciones Agropecuarias "Jorge Dimitrov", Bayamo municipality, Granma province, during the months of December to March 2015-2016, on a poorly differentiated Fluvisol soil. Four treatments were evaluated (Mycorrhizae, and the combinations QuitoMax + Mycorrhizae and Bayfolan Forte + Mycorrhizae). A randomized block experimental design with three replications was used. The following indicators were evaluated: plant height (cm), stem diameter (cm), root length (cm), number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, seed mass (g), 100-seed mass (g) and yield (t ha-1). The data obtained were processed by a double ranked analysis of variance. Multiple comparison of means was performed through Duncan's test for p=0.05. The statistical package Statistica, version 8.0 for Windows was used. The results showed that the combination of Mycorrhiza + QuitoMax increased growth, yield in common bean plants cultivar 'Buenaventura'. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: To determine the most efficient arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant on the growth and development of Zea mays L. on a vertic gleysol soil of Darien, Republic of Panama. Materials and Methods: The experiment was conducted under conditions of 5-kg pots, repeated twice. Inoculants based on the strains Funneliformis mosseae (syn. Glomus mosseae), strain INCAM 2; Glomus cubense, strain INCAM 4 and Rhizophagus irregularis (syn. Rhizoglomus irregulare), strain INCAM 11, were evaluated in a complete randomized design with five replicas. Results: When the principal component analysis was performed, the first two components explained 85,8 and 99,1 % of the total variance in the first and second replicas of the experiment, respectively. In addition, the highest values of the evaluated variables were always found with the inoculation of strain INCAM2. Conclusions: The results show that Z. mays responds positively to mycorrhizal inoculation, with positive increases in the evaluated variables. The performance of the three inoculants under study showed different degrees of effectiveness. The most effective inoculant under the studied edaphoclimatic conditions was the one containing strain INCAM2, of the species Funneliformis mosseae (syn. Glomus mosseae). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, sugarcane ash is produced in enormous quantities as a residue of the sugar industry. On the other hand, the lack of sufficient research limits its use as a fertilizer. In order to determine the effect of sugarcane residue ash, alone and together with mycorrhiza, on the plant compared to NPK chemical fertilizers, a field study and a pot experiment were carried out with two different Cuban soils: Brown fluffy carbonated and Ferrallitic red agrogenic ( Mollic eutrudept and Rhodic eutrustox) and corn as an indicator plant. Soil phosphorus and potassium concentrations were suboptimal/insufficient. The ash content was 1.03 % P2O5 and 2.54 % K2O. The mycorrhizal strains ( Rhizoglomus irregulare and Glomus cubense) were applied with the commercial product EcoMic®. The results showed that sugarcane ash can be an adequate substitute for chemical fertilizers, due to its promoting effect on plant growth in both soils. Also, it was remarkable that only 5 t ha-1 of ash, if accompanied by mycorrhizal substrate, produced almost similar effect as 10 t ha-1 of ash in Rhodic eutrustox soil. On the contrary, when mycorrhiza was applied with 10 t ha-1 of ash in the Mollic eutrudept soil, the mycorrhiza far from increasing the effectiveness of the applied ash, showed a clear tendency to decrease its effect, probably due to a high nutrient supply with respect to the mycorrhiza requirements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"Tomato" Solanum lycopersicum L. (Solanaceae) is a vegetable with a high demand for human consumption. However, it is susceptible to salinity, which causes reduction in growth and development in this crop. One of the agronomical practices that alleviates salt stress is inoculation with mycorrhizal fungi. The objective of this research was to determine the effect of NaCl and Rhizophagus irregularis on the growth of tomato under greenhouse conditions. For that purpose, tomato plantlets were treated with three inoculum concentrations (0; 1.5; 3g) and then submitted to three NaCl concentrations (0, 100 y 200mM) for 30 days. Then the growth variables were evaluated. Results show that treatments induced significant differences in tomato growth. Increasing levels of salinity induced reduction of all variables measured with the exception of root length. Meanwhile, inoculum concentrations induced growth on stem length, stem diameter, number of leaves, number of internodes, stem fresh weight and root fresh weight. Inoculation with mycorrhiza induced a reduction in the growth arrest caused by salinity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of Scleroderma verrucosum (Vaill) Pers and Rhizopogon luteolus Fr. & Nordh. was evaluated on the morphological and biological quality of Pinus radiata D. Don plants in a nursery in Vilcashuaman, Ayacucho, Peru. Treatments: (1) Mycorrhization with Scleroderma verrucosum, (2) Mycorrhization with Rhizopogon luteolus, (3) Mixture of both fungi, and (4) Control, in a completely randomized design with 10 repetitions per treatment. The fungi came from local Pinus radiata and Eucalyptus globulus forests. The inoculation was carried out in the peal at 30 days of sowing and the evaluation at 7.5 months after the peal. The mycorrhizal pines outperformed the control with significant differences in all the variables evaluated. In the stem neck diameter and dry matter of the aerial part, the inoculated treatments did not present significant differences; however, in the height, dry matter of the root, and total dry matter, the Mixture treatment stood out. In the biological quality, a greater number of mycorrhizae was observed in the inoculated, with significant differences compared to the control without mycorrhizae. A higher percentage of monopodial mycorrhizae (91%) was evidenced in relation to dichotomous (8.5%) and coralloid (0.6%) types. Significant positive relationships were determined between the morphological variables, but these on P. radiata presented non-significant associations with the number of mycorrhizae. The individual and in mixture use of wild ectomycorrhizal fungi increased the morphological and biological quality of P. radiata; therefore, the application of these fungi is recommended for the production of seedlings in nurseries in Vilcashuaman and other high-Andean areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) contribute to resisting the stress conditions of arid ecosystems. Numerous ecological restoration works propose its inoculation, and some of them without conclusive evidence of its need. In this context, the hypotheses of the exploratory study were: a) There are potentially infective propagules in fertility islands (mounds) and areas without vegetation (inter mounds); b) The mycorrhization of specimens planted in the field does not require necessarily inoculation in the nursery, and they are not main determinants of growth. Infective propagules were evaluated in mounds (n = 25) and inter-mounds (n = 25), and their presence was evidenced in both sites, although significantly higher in mounds (p = 0.045). We analyzed the mycorrhizal colonization and height of randomly chosen individuals of A. lampa (n = 15) out of 350 specimens, with 2 years of plantation in an experimental plot. All the specimens presented mycorrhization, although there were differences in height. We conclude that: a) spontaneous mycorrhization of A. lampa occurs in different environmental conditions of a degraded soil; b) the conditions of the substrates would be decisive in the plant growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, Pinus greggii Engelm. in nursery must reach morphological and physiological standards set by the Mexican Standard for the Certification of the Operation of Forest Nurseries (NMX-AA-170-SCFI-2016), where nutrition and the presence of mycorrhizae are emphasized. The objective this study was to evaluate the growth of Pinus greggii in the nursery stage, based on mycorrhizal inoculation with two commercial products and a controlled release fertilizer in two doses. The hypothesis was that at least a combination of type of inoculant and fertilization dose would favor the growth of the plants in a greater proportion. The experimental design consisted of complete randomized blocks with nine treatments. Data were analyzed with ANOVA and the means of treatments were compared with the Tukey test. At 11 months after sowing, morphological variables, quality indices, percentage of survival and mycorrhization were analyzed. In addition, the developed ectomycorrhizae were characterized. Survival ranged from 64 to 99%, with the highest percentages in treatments inoculated only with native or exotic fungi. Plants showed significant differences in morphological variables; the combined treatments, regardless of the dose or type of inoculant, showed better results. The percentage of mycorrhizal colonization ranged from 37 to 63%, and the treatments with better response were those inoculated with spores of exotic fungi and fertilized (both doses). The diversity of fungal spores contained in the commercial inoculants did not coincide with the fungal species that established symbiosis with P. greggii. Thus, the addition of controlled release fertilizer and inoculation with commercial products resulted in quality plant production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Terra Latinoamericana is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de la Ciencia del Suelo A.C. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The strawberry Fragaria × ananassa Duch has a worldwide importance owing to its commercial production volume and characteristic taste. However, environmental factors and production technologies --most noteworthy, mineral fertilization programs-- significantly affect its organoleptic and nutritional quality. The objective of this research was to find an organic/inorganic fertilization formula that increases the organoleptic quality potential of Mexican strawberry cv. Zamorana. The hypothesis was that the organic or inorganic fertilization systems used in the plant do not affect the characteristics of the fruit quality. The fertilization treatments were: Chemical, Chemical-Organic 1°, Organic 1°, Chemical-Organic 2°, Organic 2°, and Chemical-Mycorrhiza 3°; each treatment was applied in three plants in a completely randomized design with a 3±6 factorial arrangement. Fruits in 3/4 red state were harvested from the three plants and in this fruits, the following characteristics were determined: N, P, K, and Ca content, fruit biomass, total soluble solids (SST), Titratable Acidity (AT) and vitamin C content; additionally, the SST/AT index was calculated. The results were analyzed with ANOVA and Tukey's multiple comparison test (p±0.05), using SAS 9.4. Fruits with organic fertilization had higher N and P content; in addition, the SST and the SST/AT ratio were higher than in inorganic fertilization. Inorganic fertilization combined with mycorrhizae increased the K and Ca concentration and also affected the firmness of the fruits. The chemical and organic combination contributed to increase the size of the fruit; meanwhile, the AT and vitamin C content were not significantly different between treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To evaluate the effect of green manure from mycorrhized Canavalia ensiformis (L.) on the biomass yield and quality of the successor crop Cenchrus purpureus (Schumach.) Morrone Cuba CT-169. Materials and Methods: A study was conducted on a soil of low natural fertility of the Base Soil Scientific Technological Unit, Barajagua, Cienfuegos, Cuba. A randomized block design was used, with three replicas and four treatments: inoculation of jack bean with the arbuscular mycorhizal fungi species Funneliformis mosseae, Glomus cubense and Rhizoglomus irregulare and a treatment without inoculation (control). After 69 days, jack bean was incorporated to the soil and 70 days later C. purpureus cv Cuba CT-169 was planted. Morphological indicators, biomass yield and crude protein content of C. purpureus were evaluated, in addition to mycorrhizal colonization of the roots and their visual density. Results: There were no statistical differences in height, length of the fourth leaf, leaf area and stem diameter. Regarding the width of the fourth leaf, the best response was obtained with the green manure of C. ensiformis, mycorrhized with the strain R. irrregulare, without differing from the other inoculated variants, although it differed from the control (p = 0,05). The biomass production showed significant differences in the variants inoculated with G. cubense and F. mosseae with regards to the control. R. irregulare did not differ from the two above-mentioned strains or from the control. In the crude protein content no statistical differences were found among the inoculated treatments, but they differed from the control. Conclusions: The results suggest a favorable combination of green manure from mycorrhized C. ensiformis and C. purpureus cv Cuba CT-169. The inoculation of jack bean with the mycorrhizal strains increased the biomass and crude protein yield of C. purpureus cv Cuba CT-169. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present investigation assessed the effect of two biofertilizers Fosfotic and Safer micorrizas, alone or in combination, as complement to reductions in phosphorus chemical fertilizer, in the potato production in Andisols from Carchi. A fild experiment with randomized block design (four replicates and 10 treatments) was carried out at the San Francisco Experimental Center of the Carchi State Polytechnic University between November 2017 and May 2018. The treatments used were selected from a previous experiment conducted in this same entity the previous year. The number and weight of tubers per plant, total and caliber production and total yield were evaluated, root dry weight and foliage phosphorus content were determined at 120 days; In addition, nutrient recovery efficiency was calculated. An economic analysis of the evaluated treatments was also performed. The combination of better productive results, greater efficiency in phosphorus absorption and good economic results was that of the treatment where the phosphorus fertilizer was reduced by 75%, combined with both biofertilizers, followed by the treatment where the chemical fertilizer was reduced to 25% and combined with safer mycorrhizae. The double reciprocal regression evidenced the infiuence of phosphorus on the production and quality of tubers. These treatments had a cost benefit ratio above 0.90, higher than the treatment with chemical fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The goal of this research was to assess alternatives of biofertilization with Fosfotic, Safermycorrhiza, and their combination in the potato variety Superchola under semi-controlled conditions. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the substrate used was a typical Andisol of the region. A Completely Randomized Design was used with three replications. These alternatives and their combinations with the NPK dose that is used in the region and with different reductions of it, were evaluated, forming a total of 23 treatments. The best integral results were obtained with the treatments in which mineral fertilization is combined with some of the biofertilization alternatives (Fosfotic and Safer-mycorrhizas), with which it is suggested that these studies be continued under field conditions in the Andisols of Carchi -Ecuador. It is demonstrated that both the inoculations with Fosfotic and Safer-mycorrhizas, as well as their joint inoculation, can constitute viable alternatives in the cultivation of potatoes in these soils. However, the reduction of the mineral fertilizers without combine that with biofetilizers implies a reduction of the production, so it is not recommendable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted at the Research Station Indio Hatuey in order to determine the effect of the spatial arrangement of the plantation and the intercropping of AMF-inoculated jack bean (CeAMF), without irrigation and without mineral fertilization, on the agroproductive response of mulberry. The treatments consisted in single row (0,50 x 1,00 m), with 20 000 plants ha-1 with and without CeAMF; and double row (0,50 x 0,50 x 1,00 m), with 26 666 plants ha-1, with and without CeAMF. The edible dry mass yield and the concentration of N, P and K were evaluated for two years. The concentration of N in the edible biomass did not vary, and its values (2,09 and 2,4%) were below the optimum range for the mulberry crop. Significant effects were found in the concentration of P, of the CeAMF treatment as well as of the highest planting density and the double row, and the values were 0,16 and 0,19%. The highest planting density and the double row influenced the increase of the concentration of K, unlike CeAMF. The highest values (2,22 and 2,37%) were ranked, just like in P, within the optimum range reported for the species. The edible biomass yield did not differ among treatments and varied from 8,38 to 10,51 t ha-1. It is concluded that the spatial arrangement with higher planting density, double row and CeAMF guaranteed a better agroproductive response of mulberry in terms of P and K concentration in the edible biomass; although, from the point of view of forage yield, no treatment proved to be feasible under the conditions of insufficient nutrient availability in the soil and without irrigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

From being the banana, a mycotrophic crop and previous results on the potential of green manure inoculated as a way to mycorrhizal economic crops, this work was developed in order to assess whether a precedent Canavalia ensiformis cultivation, inoculated with efficient strains of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) inoculation, it is necessary the banana inoculation, 'FHIA-18' (AAAB) cultivar in the transplant field. Four treatments were evaluated: a control without application of fertilizers and other organic-mineral fertilizers (100% FOM), both without canavalia and two other treatments that are used above canavalia inoculated AMF and half also received organic-mineral fertilizer applications: (50% FOM), one of which, the banana was reinoculated in the transplant field and the other one not. The experimental design used, was randomized blocks, with four replications. The experiment ended after three productive cycles (mother plant, stems 1 and 2). Canavalia inoculated treatments and 50% of FOM, guaranteed high yields and satisfactory nutritional content similar to that received 100% of FOM and significantly higher than those obtained with the control treatment. This together with the values of colonization percentages and spores at both high and inoculated treatments were no significant differences between them, indicated not only the effectiveness of mycorrhizal inoculation but rather green manure inoculation was successful to inoculate bananas and re-inoculation of the same was not needed on the transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted at the Livestock Production Enterprise El Tablón (Cumanayagua, Cienfuegos province, Cuba), in order to evaluate the effect exerted by the application of different doses of agricultural MicoFert on the dry matter (DM) production and the leaf phosphorus content in Leucaena leucocephala cv. Peru. The design was randomized blocks, with six treatments and three replications. The treatments were constituted by four doses of MicoFert (250, 500, 750 and 1 000 g m-1), a variant at a rate of 25 kg of N ha-1, and the control. The experiment lasted two years; four cuttings per year were made, with a frequency of 90 days, at a height of 25 cm over the soil. The application of agricultural MicoFert increased the DM yield between 13 and 40 %, proportionally to the applied doses, with regards to the control. The highest DM yield (18,44 t ha-1) was obtained with the application of nitrogen, and significantly differed from the other treatments. The effect exerted by the inoculation with the biofertilizer on the leaf phosphorus content was evident, showing significant differences among the variants with MicoFert and the control. The colonization of rootlets by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) was proportional to the increase of the biofertilizer doses, with values of 34, 38, 44 and 49 %, respectively. The fertilization with nitrogen and the control showed 28 and 26 % of mycorrhizal colonization, which indicated the presence of native AMF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study of the family Cistaceae has been carried out, going into detail about relationships between Southeastern Spain Cistaceae species and hypogeous fungi. Both Terfezia and Tirmania are the most important and consumed gender in the Mediterranean, while Picoa and Melanogaster are also collected, although secondarily. A synthesis of bibliographic data has been made. Moreover authors also provide field data, some of them unpublished, which will increase significantly available information related to symbiosis between Cistaceae and mycorrhizal fungi. It is also noteworthy that of the 21 species belonging to Helianthemum, an amount of 12 are able to establish symbiotic relationships with Terfezia to produce ascocarps in the field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

On a Grayish Brown soil, a study was conducted to determine the presence of arbuscular mycorrhizae associated to the roots of the species: Leucaena leucocephala cv. Perú, Centrosema pubescens IH-129, Centrosema pubescens CIAT-482, Centrosema macrocarpum CIAT-5434, Canavalia ensiformis and Desmodium sp., innatural areas of the dairy laboratory farmNo. 3 of the Livestock Production Enterprise El Tablón (Cumanayagua, Cienfuegos province, Cuba). An efficiency test was also made on the native arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), under semi-controlled conditions (glass house), and with a randomized block design for each species, two treatments and three replications. Under these conditions, the forage legumes were naturally colonized by mycorrhizae, but with low colonization: between 21 and 34 % in the first sampling, and between 14 and 20 % in the second one. When the native AMF were inoculated in an indicator crop (forage sorghum) there were no significant differences regarding the leaf content of phosphorus and the colonization; while the DM yield was slightly benefited in Desmodium sp. in the two variants; therefore, it cannot be ascribed to the effects of AMF. Such results showed the need to test commercial AMF strains in legume species under these conditions and soil type. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of the inoculation with arbuscular mycorhizal fungi (AMF) -strain Glomus cúbense-through Canavalia ensiformis, chemical fertilization and their combination, on the root functioning, mycorrhizal symbiosis and the nitrogen extraction capacity in mulberry (Morus alba L.), was evaluated. The fertilizer doses were: 1) control without fertilization (F0); 2) 100-50-50 kg of N, P and K ha-1 per season (F1); and 3) 200-100-100 kg of N, P and K ha-1 per season (F2). The alternatives to inoculate AMF consisted in: control without AMF, direct application to the soil, and inoculation through intercropped C. ensiformis. The root biomass of mulberry when inoculating AMF through C. ensiformis was higher (490,28 mg 50 g-1 of soil). The mycorhizal symbiosis 150 days after the treatments were applied was higher with AMF inoculated through intercropped C. ensiformis and complemented with F1 (375,33 spores in 50 g of soil and 1,46 % of visual density). The nitrogen extraction through the edible biomass, in the treatment of AMF inoculated via C. ensiformis with F1, varied between 245,68 and 336,75 kg ha-1 in the rainy season and between 74,59 and 97,81 kg ha-1 in the dry season. It is concluded that the highest distribution of roots in the soil, the best indicators of mycorhizal symbiosis and the highest nitrogen extractions of mulberry were positively associated to the inoculation with AMF through C. ensiformis, complemented with chemical fertilization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbuscular mycorrhizal status of Bucida palustris (júcaro de ciénaga) and Lysiloma latisiliquum (soplillo), distinctive species of swamp forest and semideciduous forest with fluctuating wet in the Biosphere Reserve Zapata Swamp, respectively, was evaluated and characterized. Also, spore density of rizospheric arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi were quantified and predominant specie in each case was determined. Both vegetable species were arbuscular mycorrhizic with high average of colonization (> 90 %) and visual density (>25%). The rizospheric spore density Lysiloma latisiliquum associated was almost 2.5 times higher than Bucida palustris and predominant species were Funneliformis halonatus and Racocetra alborosea, respectively. Paris-type morphology was identified in Lysiloma latisiliquum and Arum-type in Bucida palustris. As well as hifal coils and arbuscules that characterized morphological types above described, spores and vesicles were identified in both species. This work constitute the first report of arbuscular mycorrhizal associated with vegetable species in Cuban wetlands. Studies about it functioning and diversity, so as the relation with Cuban plants, particularly endemics and threatened, will permit a better understanding about this symbiosis and will provide the use native mycorrhizae in conservation strategies and sustainable management of plants and ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Quercus humboldtii is a native plant species of great importance in Colombia for use in reforestation and restoration of degraded Andean highlands. The species is highly threatened and it is necessary to establish programs of propagation and planting. However, little is known about their nutritional and light requirements. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of single and combined relative illumination (IR) and fertilization on the growth of seedlings of Q. humboldtii at nursery. For this purpose three contrasting IR regimes (high, medium, and low IR) and nine fertilization treatments were established: complete (TC), a missing nutrient (-N,-P,-K,-Ca,-Mg, -S,-B) and a control without fertilization (T0). The best development of seedlings was showed in the medium IR condition. All treatments with a lacking nutrient showed decreases in seedling development regarding TC, except in the -B treatment. Nitrogen was the most limiting nutrient yielding biomass similar to that of T0. The impact of nutrient limitation on seedling performance was in the following order:-N>-Ca,-K,-P>Mg,-S>-B. No significant interaction IR x Fertilization was detected on seedling development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Existe poca información acerca de la influencia del tamaño de las partículas y de las propiedades físicas y químicas de los sustratos usados para la producción de inoculante micorrízico. El objetivo de este estudió fue evaluar el número de esporas, colonización de la raíz, peso seco de la parte aérea y de la raíz, y volumen radical producidos por plantas de lechuga inoculadas con Gigaspora gigantea en 12 sustratos elaborados con diferente tamaño de partículas. Los sustratos se prepararon con dos tipos de bonote de coco (Cocos nucifera): granular (Bg) y fibroso (Bf ) en mezcla con piedra pómez (P) y tezontle (T), con tres granulometrías (<0.6 mm, 0.6-1 mm, 1-2 mm) en proporción 3:1 v/v, excepto Gc:P:T (1-2 mm) en proporción 6:1:1 v/v. Como testigo se usó la mezcla con turba:agrolita:vermiculita (Tur:A:V) a granel en proporción 2:1:1 v/v. Lactuca sativa var. King Herry se usó como planta hospedera. El experimento se evaluó 75 d después de la siembra con un ANDEVA y comparación de medias (Tukey ⩽0.05). El estudio micromorfológico y análisis de imágenes determinó la interacción sustrato-raíz-esporas. La mayor colonización micorrízica (p⩽0.05) ocurrió en Tur:A:V a granel, Bg:P:T 1-2 mm y con la granulometría de 0.6-1 mm. El mayor número de esporas (20 esporas g-1 sustrato seco) se obtuvo en Tur:A:V a granel (p⩽0.05). Los sustratos con tamaño de partícula <0.6 mm y 0.6-1 mm favorecieron positivamente las variables de respuesta de la planta hospedera (p⩽0.05). El estudio micromorfológico mostró que las esporas se relacionan con los componentes Bg:P:T y se alojan en la superficie rugosa de las vesículas fracturadas de tezontle. El sustrato Bg:T:P (1-2 mm) se recomienda como sustituto de Turb:A:V a granel para la producción de Gi. gigantea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tomato cultivation is the great economical importance on the world. In the present work the use of the mycorrhizal fungi and the nitrogenated fertilization in the growth, nutrition and yield of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum, Lin.) variety Vyta were carried out. The experiment in field with a randomly blocks design with 8 treatments and 4 replicate at Cautillo's locality in Jiguaní municipality belonging Granma province were executed. In this experiment was combined Glomus fasciculatum with the 60 % and 75 % of nitrogen indicated for this cultivation aside from the use phosphorus and potassium a fixed bottom. The results evidenced the effectiveness of G. fasciculatum over yields. The system optimization with the reduction of 40 % of the nitrogen and a yield increase over of the doses taken as reference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study of the fertilization about the incidence of the leaf hope (Empoasca kraemeri Ross and Moore) of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) in Villa Clara had as aspects of interest different fertilization variants and her influence on yield components. For their quantification take sample on parcels with different treatments. The variety Bat-482 was used in two types of soils to determine the answer before the fertilization with Rhizobium, Micorrizas, Compost and Urea. Later on the number of sheaths and grains were averaged by plant to determine the grade of affectation for E. kraemeri about the different varieties. The fertilization with Micorrizas and Compost caused a smaller incidence in comparison with the Urea in both soils. The maximum yields were reached in the varieties of black test note with an average of 9.32 sheaths for plant with a grade of affectation of 3. Velasco Largo and Bat-482 with 3.47 and 2.62 sheaths for plant respectively showed bigger susceptibility with a grade of affectation of 9. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The 13 years established association Leucaena leucocephala- Cynodon plectostachyus effect on the Rhizobium on leucaena nodulation effective ness and its association whit mycorrhizal was evaluated. The grassland was established in the Montelindo farm located at 75°45' west and 5°04' North (Palestina, Caldas) at 1,050 m and 24C°. The evaluation of Rhizobium was determined according to amount, color and diameter of nitrogen fixing nodules; for mycorrhizalthe staining of the roots was performed for identification of spores through a comparison with the IMVAM (International Culture Collection of VA Mycorrhizal Fungi) database. The grassland to be evaluated was divided into 4 plots of 1ha each (4 strips per plotin a 10/30rotation); the samples were taken from 0 to 4, 4 to 8, 8 to 12, 12 to 16, 16 to 20 cm with a 3 inches stainless steel bore. The presence of nitrogen-fixing nodules (number, color and diameter) was identified at all depths tested without significant differences (p>0.05) to the five different depths, except for the diameter between 12 to 16 cm deep which was highly significant (p≤0.01). The presence of the genus Glomus was found formycorrhizae at the five depths. It was concluded that in the 13 years of the association, the quality of the soil is preserved the association because of the high effective ness of nodulation, the mycorrhizal presence and the high rate of growth, vigor and recovery capacity of leucaena. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research was carried out the Green House of Costa Rica Agricultural Farm, in a county with the same name, located in El Salvador municipality, in Guantánamo province, in a brown loose carbonated soil, according to the New Version of Cuban Soils Classification (Hernández et al, 1999). It was aimed at evaluating the growth and productivy efficiency response of the tomato crop (Solanum lycopersicom) with the employmentuse of organic manures and the mycorrhiza biofertilizer. The variety used was HA – 3108. Works on soils management and the agricultural practices were developed according to Technical Norms of MINAGRI. The distance of seeding used was 1, 20 x 0, 40 m (2 arrays per stonemason). For this study 4 treatments were used: T1 or Witness (bovine manure), T2 (Worm humus, 0.45 kg x plants), T3 (mycorrhiza, 5 grams for plant) and T4 (mycorrhiza, 5 grams for plant + worm humus, 0.45 kg x plant). The used design was randomized block. The statistical processing was carried out with the employment of the statistical package STATGRAPHICS Version 5.1. It was obtained as a result that with the application of the mycorrhiza combination + worm humus the biggest results were reached for the studied variables such as, 7,28 fruits average, 295,68 g as average weight of the fruits and a yield of 73,47 t.ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to evaluate soil liming and the potential of inoculation of a multistrain with propagules of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) in the development and accumulation of P. halepensis Mill phosphorus, grown in an Andisol, it was evaluated, in a greenhouse, the application of lime to raise the soil pH from 5,3 to 5,5; 6,0 and 6,5; with and without the addition of mycorrhizae. The results showed that mycorrhizal inoculation and the soil liming to pH of 6,0 to 6,5; led to a further development of seedling, measured in dry aerial weight, stem diameter, height, and root volume, as well as phosphorus accumulation by plants, compared with the control (with no agricultural liming and without inoculation with AMF). Liming stimulated the percentage of colonization, regardless inoculation with AMF. The field validation of the liming treatment to pH 6,5 and AMF inoculation promoted 95% survival of trees with an average increase in height and stem diameter of 22,1 cm and 5 cm, respectively, during an evaluation period of five months. The greenhouse and field results suggest the benefits of liming and inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal as effective practices for the commercial establishment of P. halepensis in Andisols in the state of Mexico. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the application effect of Rhizobium and Mycorriza on the growth of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L) cv. dark CC-25-9 variety. The experiments were developed at Los Arabos municipality, Matanzas province, from December to March 2011, on brown soil without carbonate. The experimental design was an at random block with four treatments (control, Rhizobium, Mycorrizas, Rhizobium + Mycorrizas). Two months after seeds plantation we measured those indicators: plant length (cm.), number of trifoliate leaves, diameter of the steam base (mm.), number of nodules per plant, as well as yield and its components, at the moment of the harvest. Data were analyzed by a one-way analysis of variance, followed by Duncan's Multiple Range Test, using the statistic professional program STATISTICA, version 6 for Windows. The Rhizobium and Mycorriza co-inoculation showed the best results for growth and yield indicators. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the tobacco seasons 2005-2006 and 2006-2007 was carried out a research at the Tobacco Experimental Station, in San Juan y Martínez, Pinar del Río with the objective of determining the influence of tow rates the mineral fertilizer in combination with the mycorrhizas in seedbed with the variety 'Corojo 99'. A random blocks was designed with six treatments and four repetitions. The results showed that it is possible to reduce the mineral fertilizer rates without affecting the quality of the tobacco seedlings when applying 100 and 50 % of the mineral fertilizer blended with the biofertilizer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of peach, Prunus persica (L) Batsch, organic emendations and mycorrhizae on the physical, chemical and biochemical characteristics of a fragmented tepetate with the intention of rehabilitating it and improving its productive quality. This work was carried out in a greenhouse at the Instituto de Geología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Tepetate was collected in the Tetela del Volcán municipality, State of Morelos, Mexico, broken up into fragments (2 to 10 mm in diameter) and arranged in pots without holes, adding emendations: cow manure, compost and mycorrhiza. The peach plants were trasplanted at an age of three months and were cut at the end of the experiment (one year). The tepetate was taken out of the pot and air dried for laboratory analysis. Experimental design was completely random with two factors and three levels each (9 treatments), with four repetitions (36 experimental units). A variance analysis was performed with the data and the Tukey proof was used in means (p ⩽ 0.05). The aggregation values presented the biggest percentage in fraction 5-10 mm and the lowest percentage was fraction > 10 mm; however, the relative distribution compared to the original material distribution shows an important modification compared to the changes in the absolute witness. In the stability test, the fraction with the biggest percentage was > 5 mm and the lowest, 3-5 mm. The pH varied from light to medium alkalinity, and organic carbon increased. Na+ increased significantly. The process of humus formation is incipient because of the predominance of aliphatic structures and insufficient time for molecular evolution. Polysaccharides increased in treatments that were not inoculated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted during a year in areas of the EEPF "Indio Hatuey", in order to study the morphagronomic response of Morus alba L. cv. Tigreada associated to Canavalia ensiformis as green manure, inoculated with mycorrhizas through the product EcoMic® (biological fertilization), and their combination or not with mineral fertilization. Treatments consisted in: control (C), mineral fertilization (MF), biological fertilization (BF) and combined mineral and biological fertilization (MF + BF) in both seasons. Mineral fertilization consisted in N and K, at a rate of 300 and 150 kg/ha/year, respectively. The intercropping of C. ensiformis as green manure inoculated with AMF, caused in the rainy season an improvement of the productive response, without affecting the utilization of forage as edible biomass (6 250 kg of leaves/ha and 18 194,4 kg of fuel biomass). To continue the studies is recommended in order to determine the optimum combination of mineral and biological fertilization that allows increasing the yield and the fresh stem: ligneous stem ratio. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yields of crops under no-tillage (NT) that have had broadcast phosphorus (P) applications do not differ from NT wheat crops that have had near-the-seed banded P applications. Although it is believed that an adequate colonization of roots by arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) under NT could contibute to a better crop growth, the effect of P placement on the AM colonization of a wheat crop under NT is unknown. The objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of P fertilizer placement (banded or broadcast) on growth and the AM indigenous colonization of wheat under NT. The experiment was carried out in a soil with 13.9 mg kg-1 Bray-P and the treatments were: 0 (NP0), 25 (NP25) y 50 kg ha-1 (NP50), banded (inc) at planting or broadcast (vol) three months before planting. In addition, two treatments were included: one without fertilizer application (N0P0) and another with 150 kg of P ha-1 broadcast (NP150 vol). Aerial plant P concentration and biomass production, percentage of AM in roots, arbuscules content (A) and soil Bray-P availability was evaluated in tillering and stem elongation at two soil depths (0-10 and 10-20 cm). Phosphorus fertilization increased the soil P content (0-10 cm) and the plant P content. At the two soil depths, fertilization with 25 and 50 kg P ha-1 depressed AM and A as compared to the unfertilized treatments, mainly when the P was banded. Mycorrhizal colonization was negatively associated with the soil and plant P contents. We found a high (r²= 0.85, P< 0.05) relationship among AM and the soil P content (0-20 cm). The rate of AM colonization was slower in the 6-13 mg kg-1 soil P-Bray range. In situations with similar soil P contents, treatments with P inc produced a smaller AM colonization compared to the broadcast P treatments. This could explain the lack of grain yield response between different P placements in soils under NT with low P contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chapingo Serie Horticultura is the property of Universidad Autonoma Chapingo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indisputable ecological agriculture advances are closely linked to the proven risk, provoked to human health by foods containing toxic residuals derived from pesticides and mineral fertilizers, which has encouraged an international movement, intended to improve its biological quality by means of using available natural resources in agroecosystems. Cuba is not kept out of this situation and proposes some ecological alternatives to manage agricultural crops developed under a protected cultivation system, which are great chemical consumers. This work was carried out under protected cultivation housing conditions aimed at studying the effect of mycorrhizae and brassinosteroid analogues as ecological alternatives for tomato production under such productive system. There were seven completely randomized treatments referred to the single and combined application of bioproducts as well as its combination with mineral fertilization, so that they allowed reducing the mineral fertilization applied to crop under these conditions. According to results, when there are statistical differences compared to production control, ecological product combination stimulates plant growth and crop production. The combined application of mycorrhizaebrassinosteroid analogues (three times) + 50 % mineral fertilization enabled to obtain a larger amount of bunches (11.2) and fruits (21.0) per plant, with a fruiting percentage of 92.4 %, leading to an agricultural yield of 51.46 t.ha-1, the 50 % mineral fertilization reduction being significant to be applied under a protected cultivation system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Se evaluó la influencia del antecedente cultural en la micorrización nativa y en el rendimiento del pasto brachiaria (Brachiaria decumbens cv. Señal); para ello se seleccionaron dos lotes de 0,5 ha, los cuales durante cinco años previos a la siembra del pasto estuvieron ocupados, en un caso por cultivos de ciclo corto (granos, viandas y hortalizas) y en otro por pastos naturales permanentes (principalmente especies del complejo Bothriochloa-Dichanthium y Teramnus labialis). En cada lote se delimitaron diez parcelas de 200 m² cada una, y en mayo de 2004 se sembró la brachiaria en surcos separados a 70 cm y a chorrillo, con una dosis de 8 kg de semilla total ha"1. Después del establecimiento el pasto se cortó cada seis y ocho semanas en los períodos lluvioso y poco lluvioso, respectivamente, y en ningún momento se aplicaron fertilizantes químicos u orgánicos. En cada parcela se tomaron muestras de raíces y de suelo de la rizosfera, para determinar las estructuras micorrízicas del pasto (porcentaje de colonización, porcentaje de densidad visual y número de esporas por 100 g), así como muestras de la biomasa aérea para determinar el contenido y la extracción de macronutrientes, y el rendimiento de MS. Las parcelas que tuvieron los pastos naturales como cultivo precedente mostraron valores significativamente mayores (P<0,01) de colonización, densidad visual y número de esporas por 100 g de suelo, tanto en la época lluviosa como en la poco lluviosa. De igual modo se constató un efecto altamente significativo (P<0,01) del antecedente cultural en el contenido y la extracción de macronutrientes en la biomasa, y en la productividad del pasto. En las parcelas ocupadas previamente por pastos naturales la brachiaria alcanzó los contenidos más altos de N (1,30%) y P (0,20%) en la época lluviosa, así como los mayores índices de extracción de N, P y K y rendimientos de MS en ambas épocas, los cuales superaron en un 20% a los de las parcelas dedicadas anteriormente a los cultivos agrícolas. Se concluye que la micorrización natural, el contenido y la extracción de nutrientes, así como el rendimiento de la brachiaria, pueden ser afectados por los sistemas de cultivo que anteceden a la siembra del pasto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Arbuscular mycorrhizae are symbiotic associations formed between a wide range of plant species and fungi in the order Glomales. The fungus colonizes the apoplast and cortical cells of the root. The development of this highly compatible association requires the coordinate the molecular and cellular differentiation coordinate of both symbionts to form a specialized interface over which bi-directional nutrient transferance occurs. This review summarizes the results obtained using molecular biological techniques in the understanding of the development of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]