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Copyright of Revista de Estudios de la Administración Local y Autonómica is the property of Instituto Nacional de Administracion Publica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The Supreme Court's ruling on November 21, 2023 confirms the decision of the High Court of Justice of Asturias to grant access to the information requested by a neighborhood platform in relation to a mineral transformation plant installation project. The Supreme Court determines that the information request is not abusive and that the neighborhood platform has a legitimate interest in knowing the information to protect the environment. Additionally, the Court considers it legitimate to request information about extractive industries that affect the environment and that access to commercial and economic information can only be limited if it is demonstrated that its disclosure would cause specific and relevant harm to the company. [Extracted from the article]

Copyright of Actas de Diseño is the property of Facultad de Diseno y Comunicacion, Fundacion Universidad de Palermo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study focuses on the evaluation of wear of the abrasive load in a ball mill using basalt ore in the province of Manabí. These mills grind minerals wear out steel spheres and influence the operating conditions of the equipment. The basalt mineral was selected for its hardness and resistance. An exploratory, qualitative, descriptive, and experimental research methodology was designed to evaluate the wear using several tests, such as mass loss test and abrasive wear test. The results indicated that both the steel spheres and the basalt ore experienced low wear during the tests. Valuable information on the wear of the abrasive load of basalt ore in ball mills is gained by knowing the impact of wear. These findings may have significant implications in the mining industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Mexico, the State policy in favor of mining extractive -based on the idea that the exploitation of the subsoil will generate sufficient resources to achieve well-being and progress- has caused irreparable environmental damage to the mining populations, generating a paradox of abundance at the local level. This situation is analyzed here in economic, social, and environmental terms in the mining community of Valdecañas, in Fresnillo, Zacatecas; corroborating the environmental impact of mining, the scarce resources it generates for the economy, and the risk it has on the well-being and health of people. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soil of Villa de la Paz and Matehuala, in San Luis Potosí, Mexico, is contaminated by heavy metals by the mining and metallurgical industries, respectively. Arsenic contamination impacted shallow groundwater. Groundwater contamination reached Cerrito Blanco, where groundwater is used for recreational activities and irrigation. The area of interest (Villa de la Paz, Matehuala and Cerrito Blanco) has been studied to determine the impact on soil, water, and the health of the population. In this paper, a systematic search of the available published literature was carried out. The literature was managed and evaluated according to the methodology proposed by the EPA in 2012 according to soundness, applicability and utility, clarity and completeness, uncertainty and variability, and evaluation and review criteria. The studies that approved these evaluation criteria were used to analyze and synthesize the information. The study of the area of interest began 25 years ago. Soil contamination and Pb and As exposure were found in Villa de la Paz due the presence of the mining industry. Additionally, high concentrations of As were found in shallow groundwater in Matehuala, which reaches Cerrito Blanco through a qanat. While soil contamination is mainly attributed to the mining industry, groundwater contamination is attributed to the metallurgical industry, where the mobility of As present in the soil is controlled by dissolution/precipitation processes of metallic arsenates. Arsenic contamination decreases from 91.5 mg/L of As to 11.2 mg/L along 1.3 km, likelñy due to dilution and natural attenuation via capillary rise of groundwater. The last process is interesting to study in greater depth, as well as the continuity of the research that deals with the remediation of soil and groundwater. Being a site with soils highly contaminated with As, rich in Ca (semi-arid environment) and low concentrations of iron oxyhydroxides, the information generated up to now can provide an opportunity to replicate the methods used in other sites with similar characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This essay analyzes the process of pacification and evangelization of the indigenous population settled in the area that, since the second half of the 16th century, would be known as "provincia de los coanos", a territory located between the confluences of the current states of Jalisco and Nayarit, in western Mexico. With information from archive sources from the 16th century, the text highlights the indigenous resistance to hispanic colonization and the vicissitudes that the first authorities of Nueva Galicia had to achieve the definitive pacification of this significant enclave that during the viceroyalty served as a important mining region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mining industry is one of the most important sectors of economy in most countries, developing it as efficiently as possible is a major task for science, due to this reason great efforts are being devoted to study the main operations that make it up in order to optimize resources. The problem that bases this investigation is the need to establish the relationship between productivity, maintenance and replacement of mining equipment that is used in large-scale in the open-pit mining, based on the analysis of their performance under specific exploitation conditions. Therefore, the objective of implementing the indicator that measures the Total Equipment Effectiveness (OEE) to the conveyor belts in a mining company was outlined, based on the production information for the year 2021-2022. From the analysis, the most important result was obtained: low performance refers to the incorrect use of the machine's capacity in the time it was available, mainly caused to eliminate breakages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining development in Cuba is of vital importance for the progress of the country, although it has generated environmental liabilities because of implementing the mine closure plan incorrectly. The lack of financing in order to face this process is one of the main causes. The purpose of this study was to develop an accounting policy for creating and using a provision for mine closure, which will guarantee, that companies have the necessary financing to execute the closure plan at the end of the life cycle of the mining project. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mining and sustainable development are opposed for three fundamental reasons: mineral resources are not renewable, their irrational exploitation does not guarantee their use by future generations, and the practice of mining attacks ecological systems. This article defends the idea that mining should be open to a concept of development that not only covers economic growth but also social and cultural progress as a condition for an effective and rational economy-ecology relationship in decision making. For this, the mining company needs an effective and rational management as an environmental business policy in which the application of legal-administrative norms for the execution of good mining practices is not enough. It is essential the application of knowledge, norms, values and moral principles that result in the effectiveness of good environmental practices, so it is urgent the implementation of an environmental code of ethics, of deontological character, that provides the miner with knowledge, skills and procedures in the work activity that favors the formation of individual responsibility towards nature and the social commitment of their work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Realidad Economica is the property of Realidad Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Ciencias Sociales Interdisciplinares is the property of Common Ground Research Networks and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to present an analysis of the worker-employer conflicts in one of the representative companies of the mining industry in Mexico in the context of the great depression of the world economy of 1929, based on the study of the group's files documentary of the Board of Conciliation and Arbitration belonging to the General Archive of the Nation corresponding to the company ASARCO in the period 1927-1932. The study carried out contributes to broaden the understanding of the way in which the crisis affected the working conditions of mining workers, as well as the way in which the State, through the Conciliation and Arbitration Boards, acted in conflicts between the capital and labor in the context of the crisis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The third decade of the 21st century began in an entropic and tragic way, as a result of the predatory action on the planet, carried out with global intensity starting in the 20th century by the military/industrial/informational complex; the gas/oil/mining complex and the banking/furniture complex that, through strategies of exploration of nature and human work, have generated deep destabilization on all continents. In this historical phase, the biological/ecological crisis, the economic crisis and the crisis of planetary security are combined; situation of extreme complexity that presents dangers of extinction of the human species and of life on Earth, on several fronts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The introduction of the Railroad in southeastern Cuba due to the development of the mining and sugar industries in the 19th century has led to the presence of heritage made up of a railway system of cultural value, highlighting its architecture. This paper presents a theoreticalgraphic characterization of the railway sets developed in the region to raise their recognition and stimulate awareness for their conservation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research study examines the environmental impact of an artisanal mine dedicated to the exploitation of clay in Manaure (La Guajira, Colombia). In Colombia's La Guajira region, there is no procedure to assess the sustainability of the clay mining industry. An indicator system is implemented to measure the degree of environmental sustainability in this mining sector. The methodology applied included a survey, interviews, and checklists. The clay mine is assessed with three indicators: 1) ecological footprint, 2) carbon footprint, and 3) water footprint. The results provide annual estimate values for the ecological (1.0812 kgCO2/person), carbon (282946 KgCO2), and water (3.4 L water/brick) footprints. It is concluded that the clay mine assessed has negative effects on both the environment and natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Pasos: Revista de Turismo y Patrimonio Cultural is the property of Universidad de La Laguna, Instituto Universitario de Ciencias Politicas y Sociales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista El Directivo al Día is the property of Centro de Informacion y Gestion Tecnologica (CIGET) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper analyzes women's participation in the struggle against mining extractivism in Soconusco, Chiapas. Data were obtained through a survey, interviews and two workshops. The paper compares two communities (Jalapa and Independencia) which were crucial to achieve the shutting down of the mines, with emphasis on the community structures that organized the protests, the ways in which women participated in them, and the implications of their participation. Jalapa reports the loss of water rights and stigmatization of women, while in Independencia the main problem was their silencing. The paper concludes that movements in defense of the territory must be more inclusive and open to women's needs and interests in order to respond more effectively to the threat represented by extractivist projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Realidad Economica is the property of Realidad Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study determined the environmental actions of a mining company dedicated to exploiting stone aggregates in La Guajira to optimize its production processes. The methodology was initially based on the execution of several visits to the mine facilities, followed by identifying of environmental impacts through the elaboration of the checklist and impact assessment. After this, measures were established to prevent, mitigate, or compensate for the impacts generated by the company, and environmental guidelines were proposed. The results show that the qualification criterion that prevailed more for the identified impacts was the one of --moderate impact--, where it is indicated that the air resource is the most susceptible factor to receive environmental impact due to the processes of extraction, processing, and commercialization inside the company; based on the valuation, the 5 impacts with more importance were chosen for the development of the different environmental programs. Finally, it is concluded that executing environmental actions coherently and sustainably allows to improve the local development of the mining company in its social and environmental aspects. Additionally, with the optimization of the productive processes, the company will be able to redesign its business to reduce costs and promote sustainable development. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to presenting himself as economic development, the discourse on mining activity must integrate the inequalities of power and benefits that exist in it. The objective of this work is to analyze the existing and potential socio-environmental implications promoted by openpit mining activity in the municipality of Álamos, Sonora under the focus of political ecology. Methodological dynamics is a combination of discourse analysis and spatial analysis, the first through semi-structured interviews and the second with calculations of vegetation and water stress indices. The results indicate two main aspects in Álamos, Sonora: the presence of a positive dominant discourse in favor of the mining industry as a provider of local employment, which differs with the socioeconomic characteristics of marginalization and poverty of the municipality; and the discursive acceptance of the problem of the reduction of vegetation and water limitations in the area, however, the interviewed population visualizes these aspects detached from the mining sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Economic History Research / Investigaciones de Historia Económica is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Historia Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The oil spill at the La Pampilla refinery, managed by REPSOL, will have strong environmental impacts on the Peruvian coast, damaging marine life and other biological elements. This study seeks to analyze the population's perception of the oil spill at the La Pampilla Refinery through a nonexperimental quantitative-descriptive method. The people who participated in the survey, composed of 7 items, amounted to 1554 individuals, considering it a representative sample for the study's purpose. The results show that more than 90% of the population identifies REPSOL as responsible for the oil spill. In addition, they consider that this environmental disaster will have severe consequences for the environment, causing the disappearance of some marine species. Likewise, they conclude that the contamination will take between two to five years to be eradicated due to the toxic components of the hydrocarbon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present essay discusses organizational experience for the defence of the territory belonging to the indigenous people in the Montaña region of Guerrero, in the face of open pit mining exploitation projects. Different territorial dimensions are characterized and mobilized in the process of anti-mining resistance, with a particular emphasis in collective structures of representation and communal government; since the meanings granted to the territory are assumed as the foundation and the reason for the organizational process. Starting from the ethnographic findings and the anthropological analysis, the problem is defined by the concepts of commons and dispossession, in which are framed indigenous territoriality and the processes of defence of the territory, facing material and cultural dispossession. The conceptual contribution is considered of particular interest for the anthropological debate, of which the narrative utilizes repeatedly such concept, but without an adequate problem formulation from the perspective of our discipline. Drafting a parallel between the complex indigenous territoriality and the communal assets, characterized locally and emphasizing the centrality of the cultural and symbolic dimension, which makes of these communities' epistemological references in the political debate on this topic. In that sense, my conclusion indicates the need to think about commons and dispossession, in anthropological and political terms, in combination with the process of exclusion and construction of societal inequality (economic and of power) in order to account for the processes of erosion or cultural dispossession. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Demográficos y Urbanos is the property of El Colegio de Mexico AC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this research was to propose variables to be used as a basis for analyzing efficiency in the nickel mining. Compared to the rest of the world, in Cuba the application of mathematical methods that do not require specification of a functional form has been limited, so this research proposes Data Envelopment Analysis as an effective benchmarking tool. This technique makes it possible to identify elements that determine the establishment of goals and contributes to the development of action plans that allow companies to be efficient in an environmentally responsible manne Based on the results, it is proposed to use the tons of nickel produced in Cuba as a product variable in the efficiency analysis. The technical indicators such as input or resource variables and the technical indicators (capital productivity), expressed through the Global Effectiveness of the Equipment (OEE), and labor productivity, as well as the economic and environmental indicators that are better weighted in the selected units. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Realidad Economica is the property of Realidad Economica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The text analyzes the social and spatial transformations in the Peruvian Andes due to mining. It highlights that mining has been crucial in Peruvian society for the past five hundred years, but the advent of modern mining in the 20th century brought significant changes. Mining ceased to be an important agent in the integration of local goods and labor, becoming a disruptive actor that competes for territory without generating wealth. However, since the 1990s, a new strategy of extractive industries has been promoted, which has driven development in mining areas through the distribution of state profits and the participation of mining companies in social development initiatives. The study focuses on the case of La Granja, in the Cajamarca region, where a profound change has occurred in the inhabitants due to the promise of mining development. This has led to changes in residency patterns, the reconfiguration of local politics, and greater opportunities for women. The study concludes that rural Peru is diversifying and that mining development contributes to a trend in which people abandon agricultural activities without necessarily becoming urban workers. Additionally, it highlights that these changes do not necessarily negatively affect rural livelihoods. The document "Local Experiences of Mining in Peru" is a valuable contribution to social science research on mining in Peru. It may also be of interest to those interested in studying the socio-spatial transformations driven by the extractive industry in other countries and regions of the world. The author of the document is Norma Fuller, from the Pontifical Catholic University of Peru (PUCP). [Extracted from the article]

This article analyzes the extraction of metallic minerals in Zacatecas (Mexico) and its effects on the access to water in rural communities. In contrast to the official narrative, there is evidence of the direct contribution of the mining industry to the conditions of poverty and inequality in rural communities and, particularly, to the access to water. It is concluded that, despite the large production of metallic minerals, the Fund for Sustainable Regional Development of Mining States and Municipalities was unable to reverse the marginalization rate in the studied area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academia & Derecho is the property of Universidad Libre - Seccional Cucuta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The development of mining in Cuba has been differently expressed in different historical stages. None is more important than the other is, but two stand out both for the changes occurred in the country, and for the international historical period in which they emerge and reflect in different ways the insertion of Cuban minerals in Capitalism and the world economy. In the authors' opinion, changes that forcefully modify the Cuban history and society clearly expressed in copper and nickel exploitation, transforming entire regions and towns into appendices of the big international industry with consequent results for society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main disadvantage of Caron technology for the extraction of nickel from lateritic minerals is the high energy consumption related to the mineral preparation processes in the Herreshoff furnaces prior to the extraction of nickel. This work analyzes the effect of the post-combustion process in the H4 and H6 hearths of the furnace on its technical-economic indices. The tests were carried out in the furnace of the Pilot Plant of the Nickel Research Center (CEDINQ), Moa, Cuba, which reproduces the technology conditions of the Punta Gorda Plant. The experiments were developed in three ways: (1) varying the post-combustion conditions in the H4 and H6 hearths independently, (2) with the use of post-combustion in H4 and H6 varying the temperature in the H6 hearth and (3) without use of post-combustion. The tests were carried out in compliance with the standards established by the Punta Gorda Plant for the quality control of the process. The results obtained indicated that there are appreciable variations in the technical-economic indexes: nickel extraction efficiency, specific fuel oil consumption and, to a lesser extent, in the content of unburned in the furnace outlet gases according to the post-combustion conditions applied. The lowest relative consumption of fuel oil (72%) was reached when post-combustion is applied in H4 and H6 hearths and the temperature in H6 of 750 °C, for which 86.36% of nickel extractable is reached. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the most critical and complex steps, in mining, is selecting the appropriate production method, based on multiple parameters. This makes it difficult and therefore the importance of developing and 27 sub-criteria, to evaluate 6 methods of extraction of lithium from brine (alternatives). A hierarchical structure with three levels is proposed for the analysis. The best alternative was obtains based on a tool that facilitates this task. The objective of this work is to use the Fuzzy Analysis Hierarchical Process (FAHP) to develop a model for decision making with multiple criteria that allow selecting appropriate lithium brine mining methods in Northwest Argentina. The model developed considers 5 criteria global evaluation. The best alternative was obtained based on global evaluation. This tool can be applied for decision-making by new mining companies in the sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes the political, economic, and territorial changes that enabled conditions more favorable to the accumulation of large private mining capital in Mexico. The article also reviews the continuities and contradictions present in this process during the period 1982-2018. Documentary, statistical, and cartographic analysis reveal that since the 1990s, Mexican mining groups have dominated mining and metallurgical production. It is concluded that the disincorporation of federal mining reserves, the privatization of mining companies with state involvement, the changes in the legal framework, and the monopolization of mining concessions are elements that favored the extent of integration, diversification, and capital internationalization mining companies have attained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of the study was to determine the effective values for tensions extinction coefficient when charges are detonated in the tension state model at massif of gneissic rocks from Catoca mine, in order to obtain the blasting passport for HEF-100 and RIOGEL KUPULA-S explosive substances. The methodology proposed by Pedro Alexandre for the El Cacao quarry (Cuba) was used based on Borovikov and Vaniagin's tensions extinction coefficient model. The analytical values obtained from spall and cracking radium and less resistance line from values between 1.35 and 1.5 of the extinction coefficient, are acceptable in a probable range for the experimental calculation of blasting passport in the rock massif for mining-technical conditions in which blasting works are carried out at Catoca mine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Nueva Revista del Pacífico is the property of Universidad de Playa Ancha de Ciencias de la Educacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Historia (07169108) is the property of Universidad de Concepcion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Desarrollo is the property of Revista Iberoamericana de Estudios de Desarrollo and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Hermenéutica is the property of Hermeneutic - Revista Digital de Arte, Critica y Filosofia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Tiempos Modernos is the property of Tiempos Modernos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)