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The application of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms has shown benefits in plant nutrition. This research aimed to evaluate the effect of the application of nitrogen-fixing microorganisms on the growth of corn (Zea mays L.) crops. The experiment used a randomized complete block design (RCDB), with three repetitions. The treatments applied were: T1 - Paenibacillus polymyxa 2 L ha-1; T2 - P. polymyxa 3 L ha-1; T3 - P. polymyxa 4 L ha-1; T4 - Azotobacter chroococcum 2 L ha-1; T5 - A. chroococcum 3 L ha-1; T6 - A. chroococcum 4 L ha-1; T7 - P. polymyxa + A. chroococcum 2 L ha-1; T8 - P. polymyxa + A. chroococcum 3 L ha-1; T9 - P. polymyxa + A. chroococcum 4 L ha-1 y T10 - Control (without application). The variables evaluated were: plant height, stem diameter and insertion of the cob. The results showed that at 55 days after sowing (DDS) of the crop, good growth was obtained in the corn plants with a height of 182.01 cm and stem diameter of 20.14 mm with the application of the T9 - P. polymyxa + A. chroococcum. In addition, the insertion of the cob was also at 120 cm in height, for this same treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main factors limiting the shelf life of fresh fruits and vegetables is the growth of microorganisms during refrigerated storage. The use of artificial ultraviolet radiation at a wavelength of 190 to 280 nm (UV-C) has germicidal power and can be effective for decontaminating the surface of fruits and vegetables. The work focused on analyzing the bibliometric data and the object of study of the publications about ultraviolet radiation as an emerging method. Parameters such as the number of publications per year, journals, affiliations, countries, authors and modality of the scientific document were taken into account. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this work, the physicochemical characterization of the distillery stillage from the UEB "Arquímedes Colina" was carried out. The parameters that determine the pollutant load of the residual were evaluated, such as pH, electrical conductivity, temperature and ash. Also, due to the intended use of this residual, the content of reducing sugars, fixed carbon and elemental and immediate analysis were evaluated. The results obtained indicate that according to Cuban Standard 27: 2012 the residual has a high pollutant load due mainly to its low pH (4,4), high temperature (99 oC) and high content of dissolved solids (40,10 g/L). The reductant content and Pol are 0,20 % and 0,12 %, respectively; indicating a low sugar content in the liquid residual. Fixed carbon is 6,5 g/L indicating that the organic matter present is relatively volatile. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With this study were determined the risk profile of Salmonella ssp. and sanitary quality of a meat packing company in the capital. For this, hygienic-sanitary inspections were made as described in the CNICA Sanitary Inspection Guide. Knowledge level of handlers was evaluated by means of a survey. To predict the growth of Salmonella spp. in the plant scenery, the Pathogen Modeling Program (PMP) was applied. Risk characterization was estimated with the Ross-Sumner program. Although the hygienic conditions of the facility reached a score of 82 points and the results of the survey were satisfactory, with 85. 9% of correct answers, insufficiencies and abuses were detected in the management of temperatures during the process that could cause the microbial growth. Through the model used, it was possible to predict that when the hamburger dough, with 2.1% NaCl and pH 6.4, is kept at 25 °C, the number of cells reaches the infective dose in 4.1 h, which represents a danger. Finally, through the Ross-Sumner program, a risk for consumers of 67% was estimated, which reflects the probability of occurrence of a foodborne disease outbreak due to consumption of hamburgers, in the event of contamination by Salmonella from raw materials, handlers or cross-contamination during the process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of BIOAGRO is the property of Revista BIOAGRO and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, the kinetics of the simultaneous production of rhamnolipids and polyhydroxyalkanoates from Pseudomonas aeruginosa ORA9 was studied. The kinetic parameters specific cell growth rate (µx), volumetric rate (rp) and specific rate of product formation (qP), and the yield of the product with respect to the biomass formed (YP/X) were determined. The results showed that polyhydroxyalkanoates production had a maximum accumulation of 22 % (1,14 g L-1) in the biomass, during the exponential phase of microbial growth. On the contrary, the highest yield of rhamnolipids is achieved at the end of the culture (YP/X = 1,024) with an increase in the kinetic variables evaluated after 18 hours, coinciding with the beginning of the stationary phase of microbial growth. It was found that, under the conditions tested, the culture time is an important factor that must be optimized to obtain adequate concentrations of both products.at the end of culture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. Evaluate lacto-serum as a source of mesophils with lactic acid activity in complex culture medium with sago starch (Canna indica L.). Materials and methods. Three culture media were analyzed for mesophilic lacto-serum bacteria differentiated by the inclusion of sago starch (Canna indica L.) (0, 0.5 and 1%). Control treatments were refrigerated (-4°C) and non-refrigerated (18°C) lacto-serum. Mesophilic growth, pH, acidity level, and total soluble solids were evaluated at 24 h intervals for 5 days; and lactic acid concentration at the end of the test. Results. The pH and total soluble solids (°Brix) decreased in all treatments, the % acidity increased over time and at the end of the trial the highest content of lactic acid was 32.5 and 37.2 g/L for the formulations with 0.5 and 1% sago starch respectively. Mesophilic growth was low in the 1% starch formulation and high in the non-refrigerated serum. Conclusions. Lacto-serum is a good source of mesophiles with lactic acid activity, reaching up to 37.2 g/L lactic acid in complex culture medium including 1% sago starch. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction: The growing Earth population requires the aquaculture production expansion and intensification. Interest in biofloc-based systems has increased because they can provide biosecurity, are financially sustainable, and can be applied in a variety of systems. Objective: To carry out a scientific literature review about the importance of biofloc in aquaculture. Materials and Methods: An information search was carried out in specialized scientific literature; synthesizing the most important, for which it was possible to define the concept of Biofloc, its most relevant characteristics, development conditions, as well as other aspects of vital importance for this technology understanding and application. Results and Discussion: Bioflocs are a community formed by microorganisms associated with each other in a suspended substrate that responds to trophic mesh dynamics. Biofloc development is affected by many factors and its nutritional quality is similar than the food obtained by species grown in their natural habitat. The most used carbon sources in biofloc systems are: sugar, molasses and starch; however, agro-industrial waste is rich in bioactive compounds, so it can be used as raw material for microbial growth. Conclusions: Although much remains to be known, the fact that biofloc technology conceptually declared the wastes as an opportunity for on-site production makes it a possible and eco-friendly alternative. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina is the property of Ciencia e Ingenieria Neogranadina and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Ciencia y Tecnología Agropecuaria is the property of Agrosavia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Fides et Ratio is the property of Universidad La Salle de Bolivia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuaderno Activa is the property of Tecnologico de Antioquia, Institucion Universitari and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A coating elaborated with modified cassava starch was applied by acid route, to evaluate the post-harvest behavior of the tomato under environmental conditions, determining its effect on the microbiological and structural characteristics. The modification of native starch of cassava variety SM 707-17 was carried out by addition of citric acid (15% w/w with respect to starch on dry basis) to a suspension of starch subjected to controlled conditions of temperature and speed of agitation. The effect was compared with that of the application of others elaborated based on enzymatically modified starch and native starch, being T1: control sample; T2: coating with enzymatically modified starch; T3: coating with starch modified with citric acid and T4: coating with native starch. The application was made manually with clean and sterile sponge; The tomatoes were placed in labeled trays, allowing to dry for 24 h at room temperature, from which the microbial growth and microscopic characterization of the tomato exocarp was measured for 15 days, applying a completely randomized 4x6 factorial design that had consider the type of related and independent samples; the data obtained were analyzed using SPSS software version 19, which found that the "Coating" factor did not influence the response variables analyzed, unlike the "Time" factor that had a decisive effect on them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In Cuba, a biofertilizer has been developed based on a nitrogen fixer Azotobacter chroococcum strain. This work aimed to optimize the culture medium and the fermentation conditions for industrial scale. First, tests in the shaker were carried out and then in a fermenter. In each case an experimental validation was performed. For the optimization of the culture medium, a central composite design was used to adjust response surfaces. A 2³ factorial design with equidistant star points and six repetitions in the center of the plan. A total of 19 experimental runs were performed, with three repetitions determined. As a response variable, cell growth was determined by optical density λ = 540 nm (OD540). To optimize microbial growth based on agitation speed and air flow, a 7.5, liter with a factorial design 2²was used, taking OD540 as the response variable. With the means of optimized cultivation a growth of 2-4 x 109 UFC ml-1 was obtained that allow to increase the content of bacterial biomass together to the use of a speed of agitation and good flow of air. The new conditions allowed to reduce the time of fermentation at 10 hours, less than 20 to 22 hours used in the production scheme. In addition, 40%, 50% and 20% respectively, of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus sources were reduced. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Microorganisms of dental biofilm coexist in relative harmony. Microenvironment changes can result in an excessive growth of pathogenic microorganisms associated with chronic inflammatory processes such as gingivitis and periodontitis. The microbiota of the gingival sulcus can vary substantially depending on physiological characteristics of children and adolescents. Purpose: To analyze the evidence on bacterial composition in 3-to-12-yearold children old and its association with the gingival and periodontal status. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted using the PubMed, SciELO, LiLACS, ProQuest, EBSCO, Web of Science, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases. Titles, abstracts, and full articles were read. Quality and validity of studies were determined through the Consort and Strobe checklists. The articles were classified regarding level of evidence and the grades of recommendation through the SIGN. Results: Microbial profiles of supra and subgingival biofilm in children are similar in more than 80 %, with predominance of Actinomyces spp. and Streptococcus spp., mainly S. sanguinis. Early colonization of supra and subgingival microbiota was related with the presence of gingivitis in older children. Evidence about general health condition, sociodemographic situation, bacterial interaction, microbial composition, and periodontal state was limited and inconclusive. Conclusion: There is not enough scientific evidence to confirm the relationship between bacterial composition and gingival and periodontal status in children aged 3-12 years. However, it is suggested that, as age increases, the presence of periodontal pathogens related to periodontal disease is likely. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) are of special interest in the food industry due to their ability to produce metabolites. Among them, bacteriocins, which can inhibit the growth of altering microorganisms, and pathogens in a wide variety of foods, are considered safe for human consumption and are used as preservatives. Objectives: Evaluate the effect of a bacteriocin found by in silico methods on the microbiota present in Antioquian soft cheese. Methods: In this research, we design a synthetic bacteriocin, called Bac 22, found in the genome of Lactobacillus casei using the genomic mining methodology and bioinformatics tools. We also conducted a preliminary biological and hemolytic activities studies of the Bac 22 toward the microbiota present in the Antioquian soft cheese (Quesito Antioqueño). Results: The bacteriocin Bac 22 at a concentration of 100 µM presented a hemolytic capacity lower than 1% and reduced the CFU / g of total coliforms significantly when added to Antioquian soft cheese for eight days. Conclusions: The Bac 22 demonstrated a positive potential effect over the shelf life of a dairy product, such as the Antioquian soft cheese. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present research work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the effect of formalin gas on the count of mesophiles in commercial nylon (polyamide) destined to surgical procedures. Firstly, the contamination of a 1 g commercial nylon sample, exposed to the operating room environment for 72 hours, was evaluated through the plate counting technique for mesophiles; it yielded a result of 850 CFU / gram. Once the contamination of the commercial polyamide was checked, it was subjected to formalin gases in tablets. Five nylon samples (n=5) of 1 gram each were placed in 5 1 liter airtight containers containing 1 gram of formalin; These containers were stored in a cabinet in the sterilization room one meter above the floor, and later opened and cultivated through the plate counting technique for mesophiles, one per day for 5 days at 24 hour intervals. The results obtained after being exposed to formalin gases in tablets did not register growths of microorganisms after 24 hours and during the 5 days after the study, finding statistically significant differences (p < 0.05) in relation to the studied times concluding under the conditions of the present study that the sterilization time of the formalin on commercial nylon is equal to 24 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The chemical composition and the presence of microorganisms in liquid silage of peach (Prunus pérsica) were evaluated. A completely randomized design with a 2 * 2 factorial arrangement, four treatments with two percentages of inclusion of molasses and ammonium sulfate was used: T1 (10% molasses - 1% SAM), T2 (10% molasses - 3% SAM), T3 (20% molasses - 1% SAM) and T4 (20% molasses - 2% SAM), with three replications, which were stored between 17 and 19 ° C. The physical-chemical composition of the fruit was determined, taking pH values and microbiological growth, bacterial morphology was characterized on blood agar and MacConkey agar. The organoleptic evaluation of the final silage is established as GOOD according to fermentation characteristics. The protein value increased in each of the treatments as the pH value decreased, associated with high microbial growths, improving the true protein of the food. There was growth of whitish and smooth colonies in blood agar with a predominance of Gram + and Gram - bacillary forms. Pink color - smooth surface colonies grew on MacConkey Agar only on day 0. Liquid peach silage with the addition of SAM increases protein values; and the addition of molasses improves the fermentative parameters such as pH stability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de la Universidad del Valle de Guatemala is the property of Universidad del Valle de Guatemala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The influence of the temperature on the microbial growth and the biooxidation of the iron present in chalcopyrite by a microbial consortium was determined. We worked with chalcopyriterich samples from the tailings of the leach piles of the Southern Peru Copper mining company. These samples were subjected to an enrichment culture and a subsequent 9K broth culture to obtain the microbial bioleaching consortium as inoculum. There were 4 experimental treatments at 25, 40, 55 and 70 °C, with a double repetition. Each treatment contained the microbial inoculum, the 9K culture medium and chalcopyrite ore. The treatment that obtained the greatest biooxidation of Fe2+ and the highest microbial concentration was the experiment carried out at 70 °C. It was statistically determined that the temperature had no influence on the biomass increase or on the biooxidation of iron from copper pyrite. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Traditionally, cattle raising has been considered one of the most important sectors of agriculture as a major source of animal protein for human consumption. Accordingly, researchers in different parts of the world have worked for decades on new supplements that modulate ruminal fermentation, increase pH, and ensure growth of cellulolytic bacteria to enhance fiber digestion and increase milk yields. The aim of this review article is to analyze the role of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Aspergillus oryzae, as stimulators and modifiers of ruminal fermentation and rumen microbial growth. Previous research has shown that the best response to additive use in ruminants was found in dairy cows. The effects observed have been attributed to increased ruminal cellulolysis and the flow of microbial protein into the intestine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present work explores and discusses the derivation and application of a generic mathematical model (Multiple Continuum Interacting Model, MCIM) in the prediction of the effectiveness dynamics for a trickling biofilter treating toluene. A computational solution strategy is presented, including the proper validation study case. Then, numerical studies for dimensionless Péclet and Sherwood numbers (Pe and Sh) are discussed; the effect of these over the efficiency biofilter behavior is shown. For Two Interacting Continuum phases (TIC), three sophistication levels are compared, concluding that the growth phenomenon (including the inoculation process) is crucial for designing and modelling of biofiltrations systems by MIMC's. Achieving with MDC 2 an ER< 8% being the approach that comes closest to the experimental data reported in literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, the problem of dealing with the organic fraction contained in urban solid waste (OFUSW) and the biosolids generated from wastewater treatment plants (WWTP) requires alternative solutions. Composting is a method that can transform these wastes for their use. The length of the process depends on initial substrates, particle size, arrangement of the pile, moisture, aeration, and active biological population. The objective of this study is to determine the effect of aeration on the growth of bacteria and actinomycetes in composting piles of 250 kg. The pile identified as P1 is made with clay (30%), lama (5%), biosolids of WWTP (32.5%) and OFUSW (32.5%); and the one identified as P2 is prepared with clay (30%), lama (5%) and biosolids (65%). During the process, moisture content in wet basis (Hbh), temperature, pH, and growth of bacteria and actinomycetes are monitored in both piles, before and after performing aeration. In the thermophilic phase, P1 reached 49.0 - 51.5 °C for five consecutive days, while P2 reached 45.2 - 48.4 °C for three days. In both piles, pH ranged from 6.78 to 8.75 and compost was obtained in 28 days. The moisture for P1 was 35-42%Hbh, and for P2 it was 32-35%Hbh. Aeration had a significant effect on microbial growth in the thermophilic phase because it altered the conditions of the microsystems, being lower in the case of actinomycetes than in the case of bacteria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales is the property of Revista Colombiana de Investigaciones Agroindustriales del Centro Agropecuario Sena Buga and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Toxicología is the property of Asociacion Espanola de Toxicologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Propoleos constitutes the base of a lot of pharmaceutical formulations. The present research proposes the preliminary characterization of propoleos jelly for the treatment of the gingivitis. An experimental study was carried out in the pharmaceutical technology laboratory of the Orient University in the months of March to May 2013, the elaboration of the jelly a propoleos jelly was formulated using the incorporating method, and the jelly quality parameters were evaluated. The results revealed a light brownish - gray color, with a typical propoleos smell, homogeneous, sparkly neither non-lumpy nor sandy formulation. The pH oscillated between 6,26 and 6,28, viscosity of 0,366 0 Pa.s, and an extendibility area of 89,80 cm², a thixotropic pseudoplastic flow was observed. No pathogenic microorganism growth was observed. The real concentration of poly-phenols was determined, using the Folin Ciocalteau method, obtaining concentration of 8,779 mg/mL. These results allow the preliminary characterization of the new formulation proposal of. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

El uso de inoculantes microbianos es una alternativa viable para nutrir los cultivos e incrementar su productividad sin deteriorar el suelo. El objetivo del presente estudio fue evaluar el efecto de inoculantes microbianos en el crecimiento y productividad de chile habanero (Capsicum chinense Jacq.) en invernadero. El estudio se realizó en Conkal, Yucatán, México, de septiembre a diciembre de 2012. Tres inoculantes y un testigo (sin aplicación de inoculante) fueron evaluados y con fertilización química comercial. El diseño experimental fue completamente al azar y los tratamientos fueron Rhizophagus irregularis (1 espora mL-1), Pseudomonas spp. (1×106 ufc mL-1) y Azospirillum brasilense (1×106 ufc mL-1). El ANDEVA y la comparación de medias de Tukey (p⩽0.05) se realizaron con SAS. La aplicación de los inoculantes se realizó durante el trasplante y las variables de respuesta fueron el crecimiento, la productividad y el contenido nutrimental (N, P, K) del follaje. Las plantas tratadas con Pseudomonas spp. tuvieron significativamente mayor altura, diámetro de tallo y biomasa seca total que las plantas testigo 120 d después del transplante. En este mismo tratamiento el rendimiento fue mayor (899.84 g por planta) y los frutos tuvieron longitud, diámetro y peso mayor. El contenido mineral del follaje no fue diferente (p>0.05) entre las plantas tratadas con los inoculantes y el testigo. La inoculación de Pseudomonas spp. a chile habanero en el trasplante aumenta el crecimiento, rendimiento y tamaño de fruto. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CGEB) of Camagüey, a product HeberNem®, with probed nematocidic activity, was developed. In this work the fermentation process of the bacteria Tsukamurella paurometabola, C-924 was established taking in account the diauxic growth of the microorganism during the consumption of yeast extract and sucrose as substrates. To develop the process different literature reports were used, specifically those related to high cell density culture and scale up of the fermentation process. Kinetic constants of the microorganism growth in the designed culture medium were determined. A mathematical model to describe the growth of the microorganism in batch culture was developed and validated at the pilot plant scale. Using mathematical modeling optimal values of the main variables of the process at industrial scale were determined. With this result a high cell density culture of the microorganism Tsukamurella paurometabola, C-924 was established. A clean technology was developed to minimize the agrochemical use, to diminish de environmental damage in the fight against nematodes and to increase the economical benefits to the agriculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Multiple germs can be found in health institutions, medical personnel can carry many agents in your clothing, is the coat, tie, stethoscope and other elements. Several studies have reported contamination tie growth of microorganisms in 20-100% of the samples. In Mexico there is no information about this. Objective: To determine if the tie is a fomite identifying some growth of microorganisms in the garment. Methods: This multicenter, prospective, cross sectional study was conducted in the Internal Medicine Hospital of the SSDF. 40 ties were cultured and demographic data and habits of use and cleaning of the garment were obtained. We used χ² and t Student as appropriate. Results: The sample consisted of 4 groups (10 each) according to the category to which they belonged. 35% of the samples showed the development of microorganisms such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, fungi sp, Bacillus sp, gram-negative coccobacilli and gram-positive cocci. The group of medical students and the residents had development of microorganisms in 60% of samples per group, having a predominance of Staphylococcus epidermidis in the IPh and fungi sp in the RM and an association between development of microorganisms and the group (p = 0.0078). Conclusions: The tie can be a fomite and contribute to the transmission of nosocomial infections. We suggested therefore limit its use in the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La Fermentación en Estado Sólido (FES) de residuos fibrosos es una de las técnicas más prometedoras para la producción de alimento animal por vía biotecnológica. En Cuba, a partir de fermentaciones rústicas, se han obtenido numerosos productos de gran utilidad, como la Saccharina, el Sacchamaíz y el Sacchaboniato. Este trabajo es de carácter metodológico, en él se presenta una revisión general acerca de la situación actual de la modelación matemática de las FES. Se aborda el uso de esta herramienta para describir el proceso de fermentación rústica de sustratos fibrosos en estado sólido y se han tenido en cuenta las ecuaciones de balance de masa y energía, además de una ecuación logística para describir el crecimiento microbiano en estos procesos. La modelación matemática en este tipo de fermentaciones permite determinar el contenido de proteínas producto de la fermentación, así como estimar los perfiles de temperatura, la altura de la cama de sólidos, el tiempo total del proceso y el tiempo de volteo del sustrato para lograr un proceso más eficiente. Hasta la fecha no se informan modelos capaces de predecir el comportamiento de las FES rústicas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Innotec is the property of Laboratorio Tecnologico del Uruguay and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista ION is the property of Universidad Industrial de Santander and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La proteína microbiana en el rumen se expresa en el rendimiento o la eficiencia de síntesis y se relaciona con la cantidad de energía en forma de ATP utilizada durante dicho proceso, la cantidad de sustrato fermentado o el nitrógeno disponible en el rumen. Estas dos últimas medidas se ven afectadas por la tasa de crecimiento de los microorganismos y por los factores que influyen en la síntesis microbiana. La confiabilidad de los modelos de predicción de la síntesis de proteína microbiana se incrementa al tener en cuenta los factores que influyen en la síntesis microbiana. Sin embargo, resulta riesgoso extrapolar los resultados experimentales a situaciones reales de producción, por lo que se deben desarrollar modelos a partir de resultados obtenidos en estas condiciones. Para lograr estimados confiables de la producción de proteína microbiana, se ha desarrollado el método no invasivo de los derivados púricos, como marcadores microbianos medidos en la orina. La combinación de la técnica de producción de gas in vitro con marcadores microbianos o con la determinación del sustrato verdaderamente degradado y el llamado factor de partición son otras formas de estimar la eficiencia de síntesis microbiana. Los resultados obtenidos han estado restringidos, debido a las limitaciones de estos métodos. Además, la mayoría de los modelos se han desarrollado en las condiciones de países templados (raza de los animales, alimentación y clima), lo que reduce sus posibilidades de aplicación en el trópico. Es precisamente en esta región donde se have más necesaria la búsqueda y evaluación de nuevas fuentes de alimento. Ante esta realidad se imponen nuevos retos en el desarrollo y aplicación de métodos in vitro que, combinados con técnicas moleculares, permitan dilucidar los mecanismos de las interacciones microbianas y predecir procesos in vivo. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malassezia yeasts are fungi that produce skin affections. Growth of these microorganisms requires specific conditions. The Dixon medium has generally been used for their culture and has been tested. The use of Spondias gum as a substrate for Malassezia furfur and Malassezia slooffiae was tried and compared with the Dixon medium. The growth kinetic for a given time range(0-120 h) was determined at different concentrations (1.2%) and pH levels (4,0; 6,0;7,0). The relatively high biomass obtained for the two tested yeasts demonstrated that the substrate prepared with S. dulcis gum exudate is suitable for their growth. Spondias dulcis, a species located in Venezuela, yields abundant gum. This fact and the results discussed above indicate that it could be used to prepare a substrate that could compete with Dixon for isolating and characterizing the Malassezia species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, growth «in vitro» responses of Alcaligenes sp. and E. coli isolated of restructured roll and affected by pH (5 to 7) and temperature (2 to 4 °C, 6 to 8 °C, 15 #x00B0;C) were studied. Growth curves were fitted using Gompertz modified equation and specific rates derived from curve fit were modelled. Predictions for specific growth rate, generation time and phase lag duration could be done for any combination of conditions within the matrix. Predictions of growth from model were compared with experimental data and this showed the model to be suitable for predicting growth of Alcaligenes sp. and E. coli in restructured meat rolls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microbial growth kinetics in manufacturing feedstuff by a solid state fermentation process is dealt with. Candida utilities yeast was used for sugar cane bagasse protein enrichment; besides, filter cake mud and molasses residuals from the sugar cane industry as well as other ingredients were added as nutrients to the culture medium. The system dynamic response within a temperature range from 25 °C to 45 °C was studied taking into account the true protein and the total reducing sugars variables. The fermentation process lasted 30 hours. A logistic model was applied to display experimental data by the Model Maker software. Data constants showed a temperature dependence which actually matched polynomials. The maximal growth specific constant ranged from 0,059 8 h-1 to 0,112 3 h-1, the biomass maximal concentration from 5,27 % to 5,90 %, and the biomass-substrate yield from 0,055 1 to 0,102 3. Optimal temperature to reach a maximum protein enrichment ranged from 30 °C to 33 °C . Parameters determined by the adjusted model agreed with those observed in similar systems according to the literature in this field. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mamey pulp was prepared with three different formulations using sucrose, glucose, glycerol and propilenglycol as depressing agents for water activity. The values obtained for water activity were 0,7; 0,75 and 0,8. Pulp samples were stored in plastic containers with hermetic cap at room temperature for four months. During the storage period several measures were performed on the samples: pH, acidity, soluble solids, color, moisture, water activity, vitamin C, and counts for fungus and yeast. After two months, it was found a total loss of vitamin C, as well as a light loss of color and brightness. However, the pH, acidity and water activity did not show significant changes. After four months of storage the samples gave negative to microorganism growth. The results indicated that it is possible to obtain mamey pulp with sanitary characteristics, flavor and aroma at least for four months, using the combined method technology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of the present work was the definition of appropriated systems of cleaning for the sugar cane and the study of microbial growth curves to different pH values. Two alternatives were evaluated for the sampling, and different variants of cleaning were studied, one for the unpeeled cane and the other for peeled one. These were compared with the danish system. It was obtained as a result that the most appropriated variants because of theirs efficiency in cane cleaning were: cleaning and immersion in water with 5 ppm of chlorine and immediate peeling and squeezing. In the curves, the latency phase with peeled cane and pH 4,5 was the smallest of all. The latency phase grow longer in time for 6 h at pH values below 4,0. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article focuses on the findings of a study that used an LKB-2277 Bioactivity Monitor to determine the effect of Poly (amido amine) (PAMAM) dendrimers on the thermogenic curves of the growth metabolism of Escherichia coli. It explores the stimulatory effect of PAMAM G4 dendrimer. It concludes that small changes in same macromolecules could produce significant different effects on microbial growth.

The development of biotechnology has provided the possibility to obtain surfactants of microbial origin at a large scale to be used in different industries. In the present work are reported the cultivation conditions in a 5L bioreactor, for the production of surfactant by Bacillus brevis strain IDO-135, as well as for its purification and identification, using different chromatographic techniques and reagents of specific coloration as developers. The rheological characteristics of the biosurfactant produced were also determined. The product with superficial activity was obtained with 1.4 times better yields than those obtained in shaker, maintaining a good superficial activity (28 mN/m). It was demonstrated that surfactant production was associated to the microbial growth and that it is a Newtonian fluid of lipopeptidic nature, with a viscosity of 2cp. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]