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What kind of research questions do ecologists make in relation to plastic waste in Argentina? This question gathered a group of researchers at the symposium "Ecology of plastic waste: What do we study in Argentina?", held at the XXVIII Argentinian Ecology Meeting. In this communication we analyze the national context on plastic waste. Our studies on the ecology of plastics sought to mitigate, on the one hand, and to quantify plastic waste, on the other hand. These studies occurred in the northern half of the country, in terrestrial and aquatic environments, and were focused on different plastic materials and diverse organisms, though bacteria were of interest for the majority of us. We conclude with guiding questions for ecologists, based on the Sustainable Development Objectives of the UN. These questions are related to: Clean Water and Sanitation, Sustainable Cities and Communities, Responsible Consumption and Production, and Life Below Water and on Land. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spatial patterns in communities of aquatic macroinvertebrates of Argentinean Puna. The macroinvertebrates are a vital component of freshwater ecosystems as they contribute to the process of organic matter while serving as food for other organisms such as fish and amphibians. Unfortunately, the knowledge of the aquatic diversity is poor in the high Andean systems (between 3 200 and 5 200 m.a.s.l. and rainfall below 300 mm per year), especially in the Argentinean peatbogs, a fact which has made difficult the interpretation of spatial patterns on a regional scale. The present study aimed to describe the composition of aquatic macroinvertebrates in seven peatbogs in the Argentinean Puna, and to analyze for the first time their spatial patterns. For this, we studied the relationship of these organisms with the environment, and obtained information about the surrounding vegetation and water physico-chemical characteristics. A total of 3 131 specimens of aquatic macroinvertebrates were collected, representing 25 taxa belonging to 22 families and 24 genera. In addition, 62 species of vascular plants were recorded, belonging to 20 families. The most abundant life form were the tufted grasses, followed by cushions. By using an NMDS (Non-Metrical Multidimensional Scaling) statistical analysis, the sampling sites were ordered in each peatbog as follows. The peatbogs located furthest West and South with higher water temperature were grouped on axis 1, whereas those with higher conductivity, whole water dissolved solids and salt concentration were grouped on axis 2. The water temperature was higher than air temperature at all times, and we found no association between temperature and altitude. The altitude had no correlation with the abundance of macroinvertebrates or with plant richness. Life forms such as scattered graminoids, trailing and prostrate herbs (in many cases they get into the channel) and aquatic plants were more abundant in peatbogs 4, 5 and 7 and they had a correlation with some macroinvertebrates belonging to functional trophic groups such as filter-collectors, collectors and scrapers. Finally, conductivity, whole dissolved solids and salt concentration had their highest value in peatbog 6, where Bivalvia (filter-collector) and Hyalella (collector) were also found. The results obtained attest that these macroinvertebrates displayed diversity and composition spatial patterns, the most important feature being their relationship with the surrounding vegetation, and to a lesser extent, with the physical and chemical traits of water in seven fertile lowlands in the Argentinean Puna. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Native and invaded secondary forests are present in sierra de San Javier, the latter dominated by Ligustrum lucidum, which exerts an influence on native biodiversity. We analyzed the influence of the forest dominated by L. lucidum over liana communities compared to native secondary forests without dominance of exotic species. Forests were compared in abundance, composition, climbing mechanisms and distribution in size classes of liana stems. For this, liana stems ⩾ 0.5 cm and the trees ⩾ 10 cm in diameter at height breast, were measured, identified and surveyed in 10 plots located in the yungas piedmont of sierra de San Javier. Native forests had four times more abundance and richness of liana stems than invaded forest of L. lucidum. Individual trees of L. lucidum hosted liana stems in very low abundance, and in the forest dominated by this exotic species, the liana hosts were mainly native trees. Besides the fact that they do not constitute suitable hosts for lianas, they have an indirect influence through the exclusion of native host trees of lianas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]