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Copyright of Retos: Nuevas Perspectivas de Educación Física, Deporte y Recreación is the property of Federacion Espanola de Asociaciones de Docentes de Educacion Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Medicina (Buenos Aires) is the property of Medicina (Buenos Aires) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La lesión pulmonar crónica, un rasgo común en pacientes con anemia falciforme (SCA), suele agravar la condición del paciente. Contar con pruebas de función pulmonar sensitivas podría ayudarnos a predecir cuándo la enfermedad podría revertirse mediante intervenciones terapéuticas apropiadas. En este trabajo se determinó la frecuencia con que el índice de depuración pulmonar (LCI) (que mide la inhomogeneidad en la ventilación global), la inhomogeneidad en la ventilación intraacinar (Sacin) y la inhomogeneidad en la ventilación conductiva (Scond) presentan valores anormales en pacientes jóvenes con SCA, con el objetivo de evaluar la utilidad de estos parámetros al valorar la lesión pulmonar, en comparación con los volúmenes pulmonares, actualmente empleados en el diagnóstico. En este estudio se analizaron los resultados de múltiples lavados respiratorios con nitrógeno, espirometría y pletismografía corporal, de manera transversal y en estado estacionario, en pacientes con SCA (con hemoglobina SS) y en sujetos sanos con edades entre 8 y 21 años, residentes en Londres, Reino Unido. En total se analizaron 35 pacientes (51% varones, 16.4 ± 3.5 años) y 31 sujetos control (48% varones, 16.2 ± 3.2 años). Se encontraron diferencias significativas entre el grupo de estudio y el de control en el LCI medio, la Sacin, el volumen espiratorio forzado en 1 segundo (FEV1), la capacidad vital forzada (CVF) y la capacidad pulmonar total, pero no en Scond ni en la relación entre VEF1 y CVF. Es interesante que 29% de los pacientes mostraron valores anormales en el LCI, mientras que sólo 23% (8 de 35) tenían un VEF1 anormal. El LCI permitió detectar un número ligeramente mayor de anomalías que los volúmenes pulmonares en jóvenes con SCA. El hallazgo de diferencias significativas en el LCI y Sacin con respecto a los controles, pero no en Scond ni en la relación entre el VEF1 y la CVF, sugiere la presencia de una enfermedad pulmonar periférica con patrón en parches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Occupational exposures have been regarded as a risk factor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). However, there is little knowledge regarding the effect of occupational exposure on the treatment outcomes of COPD. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the question of whether occupational exposure can have a potential impact on COPD outcomes. Methods: Information regarding self-reported occupational exposure for 312 patients with COPD from the Korean Obstructive Lung Disease (KOLD) Cohort were included. A comparison of the rate of acute exacerbation, annual lung function change, and quality of life according to the presence or absence of occupational exposure was performed. Results: Seventy-six patients (24.4%) had experienced occupational exposure; chemical materials were most common. At enrollment, a higher COPD-specific version of the St. George Respiratory Questionnaire total score (39.7 ± 18.8 vs. 33.1 ± 17.6, p = 0.005) and a higher exacerbation history in the past year (30.3% vs. 17.5%, p = 0.017) were observed for patients with occupational exposure compared to those without occupational exposure. Furthermore, in the follow-up period, after adjusting for potential confounders, a higher frequency of acute exacerbation (odd ratio, 1.418; 95% confidence interval, 1.027–1.956; p = 0.033) and a more rapid decline in forced expiratory volume in 1 s (p = 0.009) was observed for COPD patients with occupational exposure compared to those without occupational exposure. Conclusions: In the KOLD cohort, worse outcomes in terms of exacerbation rate and change in lung function were observed for COPD patients with occupational exposure compared to those without occupational exposure. These findings suggest that occupational exposure not only is a risk factor for COPD but also might have a prognostic impact on COPD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, obesity is considered a pandemic, in addition to the known metabolic changes, structural alterations such as those generated in the ventilatory system occur. However, it has been observed that depending on the form of categorization of this condition, there may or may not be alteration on this system, thus generating a complication when choosing this tool. Therefore, the objective of this study was to compare parameters of lung function in obese individuals and normo-weight according to body mass index (BMI) and body fat percentage (BFP). The ventilatory function was measured in 57 participants, later these variables were contrasted between the subjects normal weight (Nw) and obese (O) according to BMI and BFP. A significant increase in the inspiratory capacity (IC) value of O versus Nw was observed and of the expiratory reserve volume (ERV) and functional residual capacity (FRC) of Nw in relation to O, both for the division by BMI and by BFP. In the group divided by BMI, the variables of specific resistance of the airways (sRaw) and maximal inspiratory pressure (MIP) were significantly higher in the participants O. In addition, specific airway conductance (sGaw) was significantly higher in subjects Nw. In conclusion, the BMI showed greater versatility as a predictor of ventilatory function, however, more studies are needed on the mechanical effects of this indicator and the BFP on the airways. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the following study was to determine if chest measurements cause changes in the predictive equations of inspiratory capacity (IC) and peak expiratory flow (PEF). Twenty- four male subjects between 18 and 26 years old, all sedentary students of the Universidad Catolica del Maule, Chile, were evaluated. They were subjected to basic body anthropometry (weight and body size) and chest specificity, anteroposterior diameter (APD) and transverse (TTD) of the thorax and mesosternal perimeter (MSP). After this, the ventilatory function was evaluated through body plethysmography. To estimate the linear regression equations, the least squares method were used, relating IC and PEF. The comparison between the established predicted value and our proposal was compared using the student t-test or Mann-Whitney U test as appropriate, considering a level of statistical significance of p <0.05. The results indicate that the TTD and MSP were considered for the proposal of the PEF equation, achieving significant differences with the values o f Knudson et al. Therefore, it is concluded that measurements of TTD to RV and MSP to TPC influenced the predictive equation of PEF in sedentary students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Pediatría is the property of Revista Chilena de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Chilena de Pediatría is the property of Revista Chilena de Pediatria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cirugía y Cirujanos is the property of Publicidad Permanyer SLU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Salud Uninorte is the property of Fundacion Universidad del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)