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The production of poles in Chile is done by choosing trees specially selected for that purpose, however, the forestry that is massively applied is oriented to the simultaneous production of pruned, sawn and pulpable logs. Silviculture for the specific production of poles in Chile is a technically complex issue, not addressed to date, whose description and analysis is what this review attempts to outline. The technical requirements of poles in terms of size, stem shape, knots, nodal thickening, straightness, spiral grain and resistance were analysed. These requirements were related to the variables site, stand density, genotype, pruning, thinning and harvest age. From the analysis of the variables it was concluded that a high-density forestry is required with multinodal plants In sites of regular too bad quality, but that generates high density wood with a low pruning and a selection thinning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In order to determine the diameter of the central knotted cylinder both alive and dead, a total of 60 trees belonging to the upper quartile of diametric classes in unmanaged renewal of N. obliqua from the Maule foothills were sampled. It is assumed that these are determined by the lowest living and dead branch present in tree height, respectively. We analyzed the relationships between the diameter of the central knotty cylinder, and the diameters at the lower end of logs 1.2, 2.4 and 3.6 m above the stump, the normal diameter and the insertion height of the first branch. From the analysis it is deduced that: i) the diameter of the live and dead central knotted cylinder increases linearly with the normal diameter of the tree, ii) that the diameter at the smaller end of the logs increases as it does and decreases as increases in height above the ground and iii) that the fustal diameter on the dead central knotty cylinder increases linearly with the normal diameter and the insertion height of the lowest dead branch of the tree, allowing to determine the zone of occlusion of the knots of the tree. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This paper is part of an ongoing thesis of the Master's Degree at the Faculty of Psychology of the University of Buenos Aires. The reflection on the use of the knots in the autism clinic is one of the most interesting contributions of this work. Lacan's teaching between 1974-1976 is the base of this study, in which he addresses the Borromean knot in the passage from the triadic to the tetradic knot with the naming function as starting point, to arrive with the logic of knots to autism, characterized by the foreclosure of the gap. The development of the concept of naming as effects is essential to understand the approach of this paper. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]