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Expectancy-value theory mostly focuses on how expectancy and value beliefs are associated with academic achievement. Both expectancy and value beliefs are multidimensional and can be further decomposed into general and specific factors. However, few studies have explored the associations of these general and specific factors with academic achievement and learning strategy use. This study aimed to investigate the bifactor structure of expectancy and value beliefs and investigate the linkages between general and specific expectancy-value factors and mathematics achievement and learning strategy use. Based on the expectancy and value dimensions measured by the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), bifactor models were used to analyse the data collected from 563 senior secondary school students in China. Three key findings emerged: (1) both expectancy and value beliefs could be disentangled into general and specific factors; (2) general factors were significantly associated with mathematics achievement and learning strategy use; and (3) the specific factors were positively associated with mathematics learning strategy use but not mathematics achievement. Methodological and practical implications are discussed. [Spanish translation by Mercè Rius.]

Although Macau students have consistently been recognized as top performers in international assessments, little research has been conducted to explore the various factors that are associated with their achievement. This paper aimed to identify factors that could best predict Macau students' reading achievement using PISA 2018 data provided by 2,979 15-year-old students. An integrative theoretical model that considered the critical roles of demographic, personal and social-contextual factors was used to understand the relative importance of 41 different factors in predicting reading achievement. A machine learning approach, specifically Random Forest Algorithm, was used to analyse the data. Results indicated that variables classified under personal factors (e.g., metacognitive strategies, reading enjoyment and perceived difficulty) were the most important predictors of Macau students' achievement. A supplementary analysis using Hierarchical Linear Modelling confirmed the findings from the machine learning approach. Implications of the findings were discussed. [Spanish translation by Mercè Rius.]

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Este ensayo explica la historia y relevancia de AfroCubaWeb, una de las plataformas de internet mas importantes sobre raza y racismo en Cuba, donde se recogen publicaciones y sitios relacionados con el tema afrodescendiente. El ensayo discute sobre los temas más relevantes que aparecen en los sitios webs que acoge la plataforma, como el republicanismo, la herencia francesa y las diferencias entre el republicanismo francés y el cubano en cuanto a la cuestión racial, el racismo en los Estados Unidos, y el papel que ha jugado la comunidad de Miami en el discurso racial. Chester King explains the history and relevance of AfroCubaWeb, an internet platform that hosts a number of websites and publications related to the topic of race and racism in Cuba. The author discusses some of the main themes that appear on AfroCubaWeb, such as the differences between French and Cuban republicanism on issues of race, race in the United States, and the role of the exile community in Miami in shaping discourses on race. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper focuses on the situation of the cognitive sciences from the perspective created by the debate between Robert Wilson and Rupert Clark—which posit "extended cognition" as the broadening of cognitive processes beyond the brain and skin of the cognitive agent—and Rooert Rupert, who defends the orthodox position—that the constitutive system of cognitive phenomena is limited to the central nervous one. From these basic positions, I'll argue that what is missing in this controversy is the development of an explicit conception of what human activity may be. What does task mean in the often-mentioned "cognitive task"? I will propose that "practice," as a concept developed from studies on the specificity ofhuman work, is a plausible candidate to fulfill such vacancy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Thorax - Edición Española is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Thorax - Edición Española is the property of Grupo ARS XXI de Comunicacion, S.A. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Biomédica: Revista del Instituto Nacional de Salud is the property of Instituto Nacional de Salud of Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)