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Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Actual Online is the property of Asociacion de Historia Actual and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective/Context: this article has the goal of analyzing the two pastoral letters published by the Basque episcopate in 1981 and 1982 against the autonomic policy of the Union of the Democratic Center (ucd) government and examines their repercussion in Spanish political parties, in the top national dailies and their impact outside of Spain as well. The first letter dealt with the relation between putschism and terrorism. The second expressed a radical opposition to the Organic Law on the Harmonization of the Autonomy Process (loapa) jointly promoted by the executive and the Socialist opposition. Methodology: the methodology is based on a qualitative content analysis of the written press and in the study of archival sources. Originality: the text reviews two documents that have not been analyzed in a monographic fashion despite existing studies about Catholic Church and Basque terrorism. The national and international political and media controversy unleashed by their publication sheds novel insight on the difficulties the last President of the ucd Government, Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo, faced in articulating the new State of Autonomies amid the Etarra terrorist escalation. Conclusions: the main findings reveal that the bishops' discourse, in tune with Basque nationalism, shows the division that eta had produced inside Basque and Spanish society and highlights the difficulty in articulating a unified discourse against terror. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Se presenta una introducción que analiza la transición política y la democracia en españa con un enfoque en el papel del centro político. El artículo también analiza Unión de Centro Democrático (UCD), el liderazgo de Suárez y Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo.

Between 1981 and 1982 the government of Leopoldo Calvo-Sotelo developed a policy aimed at harmonizing and homogenizing the nascent "state of autonomies". Once the Statutes of Catalonia and the Basque Country were approved, it was a question of setting up a new model of territorial organization of the Spanish State. To this end, he sought the support of the PSOE and was opposed by the Basque and Catalan nationalists. This paper addresses this crucial and understudied period of recent history from original documentation from the Calvo-Sotelo Archive. The sources show the internal debates by the UCD government and help to clarify what the decision-making process was on a matter of such historical significance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Investigaciones Historicas is the property of Universidad de Valladolid, Facultad de Filosofia y Letras and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ayer: Revista de Historia Contemporánea is the property of Asociacion de Historia Contemporanea and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article shows the results from a research on college students' statistical inference learning process from the major in mathematics. It was specially focused on the students' statistical reasoning on the concepts and processes that involved hypothesis testing. The results were analyzed based on the Structure of Observed Learning Outcomes (SOLO). They showed that students are primarly in the prestructural and unistructural level, which means that they have isolated information about the different concepts involved in hypothesis testing and/or that they take into consideration some relevant aspect of the process without having full awareness of what they are doing. Moreover, it was noticed that there are misguided conceptions on the nature of hypothesis testing and the main concepts involved such as the level of significance, value p and the formulation of the hypothesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Historia Contemporanea is the property of Historia Contemporania and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article reflects upon the vision of history contained in the work of cinematographer Billy Wilder. From this angle his entire filmography will be reviewed, focussing specifically on the interpretation of the Cold War in One, Two, Three, (1961). Using Berlin as a backdrop, Wilder ridicules the confrontation between East and West offering a sharp, intelligent perspective on the international relations of the era. Panned by audiences at the time –the premiere coinciding with the raising of the Berlin Wall– its devastating vision of communism proved prophetic in light of the events of 1989. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Espacio, Tiempo y Forma: Serie II, Historia Antigua is the property of Editorial UNED and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article discusses the presence of databases of Spanish research institute Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) in university and scientific online libraries. It also evaluates available instructional materials on the use of these databases. The article describes two basic problems related to these databases. First, they can be difficult to locate and access and second, the information that is accessed can be out of date or incorrect.