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Using the development of the last decade of the current century as a temporal reference point, this study tackles the urgent task of understanding and promoting an effective implementation of IHL (International Humanitarian Law) within the context of the armed conflict in the Colombian Caribbean region. Based on this analysis, there's an identified need for a harmonious approach grounded in participatory premises, considering both local residents and actors directly involved in the conflict. It's worth noting that this analysis particularly highlights the case of the Gulf Clan as an example. Employing a primarily qualitative methodology, in line with its nature, this study aims to provide a refreshed and contextual perspective that can guide future research and public policies in the realms of IHL. Consistent with its objectives, the importance of refining methodologies given the ever-changing nature of conflicts in the region is emphasized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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As well as being a means to reduce international tension and promote peace, multilateral disarmament efforts support and strengthen international humanitarian law (IHL) by mitigating the impact of armed conflict. Multilateral disarmament treaties both remove types of weapons that by their nature are likely to be used in violation of IHL, and build global norms that stigmatize and delegitimize such weapons. These norms affect the behaviour even of states that have not joined the treaty concerned. These twin effects mean that over time, states become both less able and less willing to use weapons in violation of IHL. The experience with disarmament treaties such as the biological and chemical weapons conventions and the treaties banning antipersonnel landmines and cluster munitions provides useful lessons for efforts to eliminate nuclear weapons and to develop legally-binding measures to deal with autonomous weapon systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Humanitarian diplomacy seeks the collaboration and complicity of public institutions to ensure the effectiveness of its prevention, promotion, protection and reparation functions. It aims to address the complex symbiosis between traditional diplomatic action and the praxis of the new humanitarianism in the interest of the persons affected, regardless of their affiliation in the conflict, and in accordance with international law. The success of this new institution will depend on its interaction with the elements --in terms of challenges and opportunities-- that define the current changing landscape of international society. The increasing and concurrent diversity of crises and disasters, the plurality and proliferation of new subjects and actors, the high intensity of asymmetrical and hybrid armed con- flicts, characterized by dehumanisation and denial of the other, the emergence of new technologies, including artificial intelligence, as well as the contempt for the most basic principles of international humanitarian law, are some of the challenges that humanitarian diplomacy will have to face. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Spain is committed to promoting justice, democracy and a multilateral order based on rules throughout the world because, although conflicts seem geographically distant from our borders, that peace is the necessary condition for international stability and for development, progress and, ultimately, freedom both within and beyond our borders. Among the measures adopted by our country, the approval in January 2023 of the first Humanitarian Diplomacy Strategy stands out, an exercise aimed at strengthening the humanitarian perspective in the State's foreign action and increasing the coherence of the instruments at our disposal through three of the five strategic objectives of the Agenda for Humanity: preventing and resolving conflicts; promote respect for International Humanitarian Law; protect people in vulnerable situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The lethal autonomous weapon systems -LAW- are cybernetic entities capable of selecting and attacking targets without direct human intervention, supported by Artificial Intelligence -AI-, as opposed to conventional weapons, which are controlled by human beings. The objective of this research is to externalise the legal incompatibility of LAWs with respect to the principles of precaution, proportionality and distinction inserted in International Humanitarian Law that have been configured only for human beings as well as to identify the evident moratorium to filter/optimise -as a new weapon- the current critical use of these systems, evidencing the lack of international criminal power that emerges normatively as a result of the indistinction of technological malice, and the need to configure impartiality in the veto power of the substantial decisions regarding peaceful or non-peaceful settlements of the UN Security Council, as a result of their contemporary legal unpredictability. The conclusions aver that a permanent jurisdiction and universal competence are indispensable for their applicability, which should be governed by a potential international instrument regulating the use of LAWs in correlation with the applicable customary norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article arises as a product of updating and deepening the teaching activity in the area of Public International Law. The main objective is to describe the legal-political regulation for armed actors, legal and illegal, in the Colombian and demarcated territory in the context relative to the year 2021. The methodology obeys a descriptive investigation that is supported by the collection of information from secondary sources through the technique of webmining or electronic mining, using qualitative research techniques, framed in the scope of the Final Peace Agreement between the Farc-Ep and the Colombian State. It explores the areas of military privileges, amnesties for crimes considered political, and the transits of ordinary justice in exceptional frameworks of political conjunctures for the achievement of peace-building scenarios. The main results are classified in the regulation for legal and illegal armed actors and as a main conclusion, the difficulties of the imperative application of contemporary international regulations are put forward, given the custom acquired by international society within the classic scenario of international relations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Objective: To analyze the importance of applying International Humanitarian Law (IHL) in case of armed conflict. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 protocol, including literature reviews, historical articles published in Spanish or English, literature published in the last 5 years (2016-2021) and documents available in full text. Articles that were not related to the objectives set for this work were excluded. Data sources used were: Pubmed, Cinhal, Scopus, Cuiden and Scielo and search engines such as Google Scholar. Keywords and MeSH terms were used. The AMSTAR-II Scale was also used as a methodological quality assessment tool. Results: 19 articles were chosen at last. Conclusions: IHL has an uncertain origin, based on the confluence of customary norms, which evolved and adapted to the development of humanity, until it became a compendium of rules applicable to any armed conflict. The irruption of Nightingale and Dunant was a breakthrough for the development of legislation in the civilian's rights defense during an armed conflict. The IHL embraces the need to create a competent international organization to punish war crimes committed by belligerent states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Armed conflicts, whether international or not, result in the degradation or even destruction of parts of the natural environment, including animals, vegetation, soil, water systems and ecosystems. In some situations, the impact may extend over large areas and continue for years or even decades after hostilities end. Although a certain level of environmental damage is inherent in armed conflict, it cannot be unlimited. As part of the environment, animals benefit from protection deriving from the principles and provisions of the law of armed conflict that provide direct and indirect environmental safeguards. The notion of environment, for the purposes of international humanitarian law, encompasses all animals (including farm and companion animals) and, in particular, wildlife and their habitats, as well as the relationship that these beings maintain with the ecological system in which they exist. Our work aims to examine and analyze the obligations of the rules contained in the law of armed conflict that protect the natural environment in order to detect the main ways of protection that can be applied to animals, as parts of the natural environment, to this regard. The interest in approaching this research topic lies in the love I have for animals and in the scarce doctrinal literature in Spanish that has been located on the subject. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The purpose of this paper is to analyze the conflict between Ukraine and Russia -from 2014 to mid-2022- and its impact on the international community. In turn, different episodes that occurred in the context of the conflict will be presented, from the perspective of International Humanitarian Law. Finally, the possible outcomes will be evaluated within the framework of International Criminal Law. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes the use of states of emergency in Peru during the COVID-19 pandemic and their compliance with international human rights law. It highlights that the Peruvian government has declared numerous states of emergency, but questions whether they meet international standards and national regulations. It is mentioned that the declaration of states of emergency lacks checks and balances or review mechanisms, which can lead to arbitrary and unconstitutional decisions. Additionally, it is noted that some states of emergency have been used to suppress protests and control civic space. It is concluded that it is necessary to ensure the proportionality and necessity of the measures taken during states of emergency. [Extracted from the article]

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Operational law, which emerged to regulate the public force's operations, is a recent branch of law on whose definition and delimitation there are insufficient contributions. This article sets out to determine what operational law is in light of its relationship with human rights and international humanitarian law. First, the concept is described from a legal, jurisprudential, and doctrinal perspective to understand its characteristics and various conceptions. Then, the concepts of human rights and international humanitarian law are characterized to underline their nature, content, and application scope. Finally, it analyzes how operational law relates to both concepts while identifying their differences to provide a delineated definition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Law as a social science is compelled to propose or seek solutions to current problems in society. For this reason, it is a dynamic discipline that in the development of this exercise can invoke the creation, repeal, or enforceability of a norm. Thus, the analysis from this text arises from the need to create a scenario that guarantees the Subsistence Minimum for the Venezuelan migrant community who are within national borders and therefore invoke the binding effect of the Constitutional Preamble which includes a Latin American integration clause. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the relationship between international humanitarian law and the development of military operations to analyze the current state of that relationship and project future scenarios in which those operations will take place and their new challenges. To this end, the article assumes a qualitative methodology and is developed in three sections: 1) definition of a military operation; 2) international humanitarian law and its role in the framework of military operations is defined; and 3) finally, in prospective, future scenarios of military operations and their relationship with international humanitarian law are considered in four dimensions: land, sea, air, and cyberspace. This prospective study focuses on the Colombian case, emphasizing on the National Army. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This article identifies the rights of women victims of serious human rights and IHL violations and contraventions perpetrated by irregular armed actors during the Colombian internal armed conflict. To this end, it uses a descriptive and qualitative methodology. First, it identifies the international and regional instruments that protect women; then, it considers the national norms for the protection and guarantee of rights. Subsequently, the situation of Colombian women victims is analyzed, and the rights of the victims are described, especially concerning the right to truth, the right to justice, and the right to reparation. The Colombian State still has the duty to move forward in this regard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This investigation seeks to vindicate the importance of constructing, as an object of study, a category of law called operational law, to contribute to the socio-juridical debate of the relations that arise or occur in the actions of the Public Force, understood these as Military Forces and National Police. In that sense, it is entirely plausible to build complete knowledge around the normative imperatives that regulate the procedures of military and police institutions, respectively. Thus, an attempt is made to make an approximation to the axial or defining axes of this legal arrangement. Eventually, it could give in-deep explanations to phenomena of the social environment and that are related to the containment of the threats of society. Finally, the document proposes an analysis of the validity and effectiveness of the operational rules, given their administrative roots, justifying them as a principle of lex artis of the science and art of military operations and police operations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transitional justice in the countries of Latin America has a long history, both in its doctrine as in its legislation, but implementation has brought the breach of international law, in concrete international law of human rights and international humanitarian law. This document shows the structure of the current model of transitional justice in Colombia and what is to be implemented with Havana agreements, and offers a reflection about limits of legislative autonomy of the states against the design and development of its own transitional justice models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]