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The existence of a factual universe is proposed, which encompasses all the objects of the environment, in which information is condensed with the potential to satisfy the relative needs that an individual may have, theories of the physics of information that contribute to the proposal of the existence of the factual universe are analyzed, these theories include the principle of equivalence between mass-energy-information, the law of infodynamics and the law of increasing functional information. Considerations on the relativity of data and information are determined, the process of factual exploitation is described presenting all the elements that integrate it, new phenomena of convergence of knowledge are proposed taking into account the possible existence of factual knowledge, finally some conclusions are presented among which it is emphasized that the theory of the factual universe is of fundamental importance for the understanding of the universe from an information perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Iberoamericana de Ciencia, Tecnologia y Sociedad is the property of Centro de Estudios sobre Ciencia, Desarrollo y Educacion Superior and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper clarifies Gilbert Simondon's notion of information by presenting the historical-epistemological context from which it emerges, as well as the solutions it presents to the conceptual problems of the time. I give special attention to the conceptualizations proposed by cybernetics, information theory, and biology. In addition, the conceptual changes of Simondon's notion of information are analyzed in accordance to three of the main moments of his thought (classified by Juan Manuel Heredia): a) 1944-1958, b) 1959-1968, and c) 1968-1983. This gives a fuller sense to the meaning of information in Simondon's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We present a critical analysis of Newton da Costa's C1 paraconsistent calculus. The strategy considers what we call semantic categories underlying a logic, from which we explore a broader notion of meaning for the logic than the one provided by formal semantics. Through the examination of the semantic categories associated in principle with this calculus, and the analysis of a rational reconstruction of a historical case of inconsistency, we argue that there is a certain inadequacy within the semantic structure of C1, understood in the more general framework of meaning; we also argue that there is an inadequacy between this general semantic structure and those semantic categories of scientific thought that it would be modeling. From all the above, we conclude a brief argument in favor of the idea that scientific contradictions should preferably be modeled (against, at least, some of the hegemonic proposals) as necessarily false formulae. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is part of a broader research. Its objective is to describe the didactic knowledge of content in the teaching of reading constructed by the preschool early childhood education teacher at the Carlos Soublette College Early Childhood Education Center. The teacher’s professional knowledge is based on Shulman’s proposal (2005) and Clemente’s (2001) integrative proposal for the teaching of reading. It is a qualitative research that used interviews and observation as instruments to triangulate information; the grounded theory method proposed by Strauss and Corbin (2002) was applied. Five teachers participated as research subjects at the preschool level. Among the main findings are: the comprehensiveness of knowledge and the importance of children’s literature in the teaching of written language. It is concluded that teachers should use and teach from these ages the cognitive strategies of reading and the development of phonological awareness, approaching these processes in a pleasant way through children’s literature. Teachers do activities by tradition and are not very clear about how they are articulated with the teaching of reading. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this text, I propose the concept of "metapresentiality" as a fundamental element for a Critical Theory of Digital Health. First, I present the concepts of technique, technology, and technical object, central to the theories of Álvaro Vieira Pinto and Milton Santos. Secondly, based on Luciano Floridi's philosophy of information, I question the relevance of the dichotomy real-material-concrete vs. digital-virtual-informational as an ontological foundation for concepts of reality, place, and presence, highlighting the notions of virtual reality and extended reality. Thirdly, I introduce an etymological-historical critique of the series presence-telepresence-metapresence, focusing on the emerging notion of meta-presentiality in the form of proto-concept and its eventual formalization as a conceptual foundation for a socio-technical appropriation and technosocial integration of digital technologies. Finally, I discuss Digital Health as a field of knowledge, techniques and practices and evaluate epistemological and pragmatic advantages of metapresentiality as a concept in the fields of computing, education and health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Based on Shannon's mathematical information theory (MIT) and some suggestions by Luciano Floridi regarding the challenges of the technological revolution, this article investigates the epistemic effects of redundant environments. To achieve that purpose, the concepts of information and redundancy of MIT are reviewed and then related to the literary figure of Poe's raven. In the first instance, MIT is exposed and information is analyzed in terms of its transmissibility. Next, the information problem is reconfigured in the context of digital platform algorithms and the personalization of content is linked to redundancy. ^en, the concepts of uninformative spaces and epistemically redundant spaces are proposed to account for the conditions of homogeneity generated by hyper-personalized environments. Finally, a small proposal on the measurement of redundancy is made. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseño y Comunicación is the property of Cuadernos del Centro de Estudios de Diseno y Comunicacion and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gaceta de la Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola is the property of Real Sociedad Matematica Espanola and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

is article seeks to link and update Oscar Picardo Joao´s information pedagogy, as an alternative learning theory focused on information and ICT, with the information literacy approaches and its internal competencies within the current educational context. e conceptual analysis of the elements that unite, strengthen and restructure the studied approach internally were carried out using a hermeneutical analysis methodology, based on a review of documents recovered and compiled from the databases Scielo.org, Redalyc and Dialnet, which made it possible to generate a corpus of complementary ideas on both approaches. This analysis shows the complementary and coinciding elements between information pedagogy and information literacy and their impact on educational contexts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Biologia Marina y Oceanografía (RBMO) is the property of Universidad de Valparaiso, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Doxa Comunicación is the property of Fundacion Universitaria San Pablo - CEU and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cultura Educación y Sociedad is the property of Corporacion Universidad de la Costa, CUC and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Virtual Universidad Católica del Norte is the property of Revista Virtual Universidad Catolica del Norte and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Praxis Filosófica is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Cities are complex systems in constant evolution, whose planning faces increasingly unpredictable futures. Understanding the city as a complex selforganizing system, and based on information theory and thermodynamic theory of non-equilibrium and irreversibility, it is possible to establish the exchange of information that occurs between the urban system and the surrounding environment. This paper shows that facing an abrupt rise in uncertainty, the city can increase its complexity [1], its ability to anticipate the environment [2], its control over the environment [3], can adequately combine the previous strategies [4] or change its identity [5]. The methodology used in this article juxtaposes these predetermined conceptual premises five case studies of cities affected by social conflicts, natural disasters, and wars. The research results show the applicability of the coupling between the urban system and its environment and exemplify how the five strategies have intensely transformed the urban morphology and topology of cities such as Amsterdam, Nicosia, Barcelona, and Beirut. The overall conclusion of the article points out that memory is a critical factor in defining new urban futures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Veritas is the property of EDIPUCRS - Editora Universitaria da PUCRS and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Documentación de las Ciencias de la Información is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Historia y Comunicación Social is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Analisi: Quaderns de Comunicacio i Cultura is the property of Universitat Autonoma de Barcelona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article "TOOLS FOR DETECTING NON-LOCALITY IN COMPLEX SCENARIOS" talks about the experimental observation of correlations between entangled quantum systems that challenge our conception of reality. It highlights a recent study in which surface states of heavy fermions were observed in the compound URu2Si2, using a microscope designed and built in Madrid. Additionally, it mentions the interest in addressing similar problems from the perspective of surface physics. It also discusses Bell's inequalities and the local and non-local correlations that can be obtained from them, with applications in information theory and the technological sector. Finally, it mentions the Kibble-Zurek mechanism, which describes the dynamics of phase transitions and predicts the formation of topological defects, and presents a study examining Ising-like domains in spin systems. [Extracted from the article]

Introduction: The prior use of von Bertalanffy's model has been generally used in the study of fish growth, without considering the existence of other growth models that can produce a better adjustment of the data used; considering the use of multiple growth models as a better alternative, to select the one that produces a better adjustment. Objective: Due to uncertainty of the results obtained in a previous work on the growth of Plagioscion squamosissimus (Heckel 1840) in the middle Orinoco region in Venezuela, applying a priori the model of von Bertalanffy, the same data were adjusted to other models of growth to select the best adjustment. Methods: The models evaluated were the U-von Bertalanffy, the U-Logistics and the U-Gompertz, derived from the global U-Richards model, then the best adjustment was selected using the Akaike Information Criteria (AIC). Results: Contradicting the prior use of von Bertalanffy's model in the previous study, the model that actually produces a better adjustment of the data used was the U-Gompertz. Conclusions: It is necessary to evaluate the stock of P. squamosissimus in the middle Orinoco region using growth parameters estimated from an inference of multiple models, in order to validate the existing information of a moderately exploited resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Momento: Revista de Física is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Departamento de Fisica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article provides information on a constructive approach to Logic integrating its Applicability. It also states that as per orthodox, the field of proof theory or from a semantic approach, define logic as an exclusively deductive demonstrative science. Topics discussed includes foundation of logical knowledge, philosophy of logic and difference between orthodox and heterodox proposals of logic definition.

Copyright of Lámpsakos is the property of Fundacion Universitaria Luis Amigo, Facultad de Ingenierias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Amputation is the removal of a limbs or other appendage or outgrowth of the body. Transtibial amputation or Below-knee amputation (BKA) is a surgical procedure performed to remove the lower limb below the knee when that limb has been severely damaged or is diseased. BKAs are performed due to peripheral vascular disease, disease of the circulation in the lower limb, trauma or congenital. The goal of rehabilitation is return to normal activity. This goal is often accomplished with the help of a prosthesis coupled with gait training. Static alignment of the prosthesis affects the amputee's comfort and the use it of this method of physical rehabilitation, but this process tends to be subjective, lacking information on affectation of alignment over the biomechanical parameters of the subjects. Stochastic predictive model based on knowledge about the prostheses' static alignment was created. First, individuals with unilateral transtibial prostheses were evaluated to investigate the effect of prosthetic alignment changes on lower limb angles, weight bearing and location of center of pressure (COP) when the subject is in the static standing up position. Second, the data analysis of measurements was made and third, the model construction was made taking the information theory as a basis. Kolmogorov- Smirnov (KS) test and Kullback-Leibler (KL) divergency were used to validate models, accuracy of more than 84% and a length of the maximum distance of 0.36 bits was obtained, evidencing that data are correctly adjusted to the model obtained. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Praxis Filosófica is the property of Universidad del Valle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Papeles: Revista de la Facultad de Educación Universidad Antonio Nariño is the property of Universidad Antonio Narino and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective. The objectives of this study were to: 1) raise awareness of the volume of quality health information on the Internet; 2) explore perceptions of information professionals with regard to the use of qualified sources for health decision-making; and 3) make recommendations that facilitate strengthening health worker capacities and institutional competencies related to digital literacy. Methods. A non-experimental, descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted with a non-probability sample of 32 information professionals from nine countries. Internet information was compiled on the volume of content in Internet tools, social networks, and health information sources. Searches in English and Spanish were carried out using the keywords Ebola, Zika, dengue, chikungunya, safe food, health equity, safe sex, and obesity. Finally, information was obtained on opportunities for formal education on the subjects of digital literacy, information management, and other related topics. Results. Selecting only four diseases with a high impact on public health in May 2016 and averaging minimum review time for each information product, it would take more than 50 years without sleeping to consult everything that is published online about dengue, Zika, Ebola, and chikungunya. Conclusion. We conclude that public health would benefit from: health institutions implementing formal knowledge management strategies; academic health sciences institutions incorporating formal digital literacy programs; and having health workers who are professionally responsible and functional in the information society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article introduces various topics covered in the issue including human in modern societies, communication theories, and aphorism.

This article discusses the work of German communications scientist and sociologist Gerhard Maletzke. The author comments on his work in academia and his theories regarding the development of and relationship between mass media and communication. His research imethodologies in these fields are examined. Several of his contemporaries are cited, particularly from the mid-20th through the early 21st centuries, including their opinions of his research. A brief biography of the life and career of Maletzke is also presented.

The construct called "information" is a powerful and privileged but elusive and blurry concept. Wiener's problem tries to elucidate the fragmented nature of this concept, taking it apart from a merely physicalist point of view denying its hylemorphic condition. This paper examines surrounding and tangential issues regarding the ontological status of information and states a noetic notion on such concept, therefore serving as a basis for informational studies and science. The target is not only ending the discussion but stating a meticulous analysis, - from the information philosophy perspective- articulating some of the unfinished library science discussions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article proposes a critical overview of contemporary communication history, theory and research in order to transit from genealogical reconstructions of the field, toward reconstructions grounded in objects of knowledge. It also analyzes the emergence of subfields of knowledge and the role history has had in the constitution of the field of communication, its history and research practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metatheory of communication has been traditionally used for epistemological goals. However, this paper points out that metatheory is a practical art useful for analyzing communication and solving its problems. The Pragmatic (Meta) model of Communication responds to this challenge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

La autora analiza en este artículo el incremento del esoterismo entre los jóvenes en plena era de la información. Argumenta que, para la juventud, las prácticas mágico-religiosas son un juego de azar y las energías son como la vida. Es determinar el futuro, que en ocasiones es aburrido y tedioso; jugar al azar cambia el sentido de su vida, se arriesga, tal vez se acierte o no. Por tanto, deben observarse las prácticas esotéricas, las cuales seducen a los jóvenes al ofrecerles una vía para entender a la sociedad contemporánea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

People's personal social networks are big and cluttered, and currently there is no good way to automatically organize them. Social networking sites allow users to manually categorize their friends into social circles (e.g., "circles" on Google+, and "lists" on Facebook and Twitter). However, circles are laborious to construct and must be manually updated whenever a user's network grows. In this article, we study the novel task of automatically identifying users' social circles. We pose this task as a multimembership node clustering problem on a user's ego network, a network of connections between her friends. We develop a model for detecting circles that combines network structure as well as user profile information. For each circle, we learn its members and the circle-specific user profile similarity metric. Modeling nodemembership tomultiple circles allows us to detect overlapping as well as hierarchically nested circles. Experiments show that our model accurately identifies circles on a diverse set of data from Facebook, Google+, and Twitter, for all of which we obtain hand-labeled ground truth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sybil accounts are fake identities created to unfairly increase the power or resources of a single malicious user. Researchers have long known about the existence of Sybil accounts in online communities such as file-sharing systems, but they have not been able to perform large-scale measurements to detect them or measure their activities. In this article, we describe our efforts to detect, characterize, and understand Sybil account activity in the Renren Online Social Network (OSN). We use ground truth provided by Renren Inc. to build measurement-based Sybil detectors and deploy them on Renren to detect more than 100,000 Sybil accounts. Using our full dataset of 650,000 Sybils, we examine several aspects of Sybil behavior. First, we study their link creation behavior and find that contrary to prior conjecture, Sybils in OSNs do not form tight-knit communities. Next, we examine the fine-grained behaviors of Sybils on Renren using clickstream data. Third, we investigate behind-the-scenes collusion between large groups of Sybils. Our results reveal that Sybils with no explicit social ties still act in concert to launch attacks. Finally, we investigate enhanced techniques to identify stealthy Sybils. In summary, our study advances the understanding of Sybil behavior on OSNs and shows that Sybils can effectively avoid existing community-based Sybil detectors. We hope that our results will foster new research on Sybil detection that is based on novel types of Sybil features. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of 3C Tecnologia is the property of Area de Innovacion y Desarrollo, SL and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The purpose of this paper is to pinpoint to what communication media do undergraduate students recourse when they search for scientific information. Through an open/close questionnaire the 234 students show they prefer Internet in the first place and television in second place; most of them have confidence in Internet as a source that provides scientific information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction. Chest injuries are one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality. Proper description of findings is important and the chest x-ray is the preferred imaging method. Objective. The aim of this study is to review the spectrum of lesions that occur in the chest, detected by means of simple x-rays, in polytraumatized patients. Material and methods. An observational, descriptive, cross-sectional study of 72 patients (37 women and 35 men between 15 and 70 years of age) with polytrauma caused by automobile accidents. All underwent chest x-rays on admission. Results. We observed that 21 patients presented some radiological alteration associated with trauma and the most common injuries were costal fractures 44% (13 patients). The second most common radiological alteration was pulmonary contusion with 27% (8 patients), and pneumothorax was observed in 7% of the cases. Discussion. There was a distribution of injuries similar to that described in the specialized literature in terms of thoracic trauma. The anteroposterior x-ray is highly useful because it can be taken without altering the patient's mobility. Conclusion. The chest x-ray plays an important role in the initial evaluation of a polytraumatized patient and is a rapid, simple, and practical imaging method. It provides important information on the structures of the rib cage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Cuadernos de Información y Comunicación is the property of Universidad Complutense de Madrid and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Polis (07176554) is the property of Polis - Revista Academica Universidad Bolivariana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)