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With the increase in machinery mass and repeated traffic, compaction problems have arised. In addition, plots are frequently trafficked in conditions of low bearing capacity, generating a significant compaction of the superficial soil (tracks). A trial was carried out to determine the influence of the number of passes and soil moisture during transit on soil compaction. Tractor passes (1, 3 and 10) were done with the soil at two moisture contents (34% = wet and 24% = partially dry). Track depth, gravimetric moisture content, penetration resistance, and dry matter production were measured on a natural grassland at two moments: initial (24 h after a rainfall event) and final (when the soil PS). Additionally, hydraulic conductivity at different water pressure heads, pore size distribution and bulk density (DAP) were determined at the final measure. The greatest track depth occurred with wet traffic and with the increase in the number of passes. In the treatments with traffic, values of penetration resistance that limit or stop root growth and consequently compromise crop yield were reached. The treatment with the highest number of partially dry passes had the lowest dry matter yield. An increase in DAP and a decrease in macroporosity were observed as a result of repeated traffic, especially in dry conditions (P<0.05). The treatment with the highest number of passes in PS was the one with the lowest yield of dry matter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This project focused on evaluating the effect of different irrigation rates on the yield of buffer grass (Cenchrus ciliaris L.) in the commune of Río Verde, province of Santa Elena, since there are no studies on the water requirements for the production of this species, which could be an alternative for the nutritional intake of ruminants, since it could improve the productivity indexes in the locality. To carry out the trial, a completely randomized block design (BCA) was used with three treatments corresponding to the irrigation rates (80%, 100% and 120%) and 4 replications, a total of 12 experimental units. Data were collected every week for one month. The variables measured were: plant height, leaf length and leaf width measured every 7 days for one month and biomass yield at 30 days. The data of the evaluated variables when subjected to analysis of variance and the means compared with Tukey's test (p<0.05) showed significant differences, with T3 with the 120% lamina presenting greater height length and leaf width with 52.82 cm, 29.52 cm 0.68 cm. The biomass yield did not present significant difference between treatments, however, T3 with 39.25 t/ha numerically surpassed the other treatments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Runoff water from cities can contain a significant amount of pollutants that are disposed of in the drainage systems without treatment. To counteract this problem, sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS) can be used, specifically the bioretention systems. Within these technologies, the use of plants is essential, but there is not a suitable list of native species for this purpose. The objective of this research is to define a group of native species that can be implemented in bioretention zones. To achieve this objective, we used herbarium records from three areas in the city of Bogotá with different precipitation levels and 12 criteria: species must be present in the evaluated sites, aesthetic value, safety, weeds, support to the biodiversity, endemic and social function. As a result, a list of 121 species was created, and such were sorted as 10 corresponding to trees, 41 to shrubs or subshrubs, 9 climbers, and 61 to herbs. The results depict the first approach to start using native species in Bogotá’s green infrastructure, and reveal the potential of local biodiversity to improve the city’s resilience and adaptability to climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and aims: The functioning of arid zone ecosystems depends on the fraction of precipitation that enters the soil and can be absorbed by vegetation. Vegetation affects infiltration by modifying droplet size, altering soil structure and changing microtopography. The objective of this study was to evaluate infiltration parameters in two soil-vegetation complexes in the central Monte region of San Juan. M&M: Visual interpretation of satellite images and fieldwork identified and characterized soil-vegetation complexes (SVCs). Bare soil and covered soil were the two surface conditions defined for each SVCs. A simple ring and variable load infiltrometer performed the infiltration tests. The samples taken from the soil determined texture, organic matter content, apparent density, available nitrogen, and salinity, among others. Results and Conclusions: Two SVCs were recognized: one dominated by Prosopis flexuosa and the other by Larrea divaricata. In the first complex, the soil presented a sandy clay loam texture, while in the second the texture was sandy loam. In both SVC, mean infiltration speed (p=0.03), basic (p=0.02) and initial infiltration (p=0.02) were statistically different between bare soil and covered soil. In addition, mean infiltration rate was 2.48 times higher in the complex dominated by carob trees compared to bare soil. These results suggest that the presence of vegetation favors the infiltration and entry of water into the soil. These data could be used as inputs for the elaboration or adjustment of hydrological models of the Monte. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work was developed in the province of Pastaza, its objective: To determine the incidence of land use in the hydrodaphological characteristics in the Apangora and Kotococha, Huagrayacu and San Jacinto catchments. The recharge area was determined, points were established for soil sampling and infiltration tests, the contents of organic matter, carbon, moisture, apparent density and roots were determined in the soil. Statistical differences were reported for land use with respect to most parameters, where the mosaic reported higher carbon concentration and higher infiltration speed, there were also correlations between the characteristics of the recharge zone and the flow. It is concluded that the type of land use influences the infiltration rate and the moisture content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The runoff associated with water erosion often determines an environmental cost due to the loss of water, soil, nutrients, and organic matter from agricultural land as well as the transport of pollutants to water bodies. A widely used procedure for estimating surface runoff in small watersheds is the curve number method (CN) (USDA) which is used in various hydrological models, water erosion estimation and contaminant generation and transport models. Due to its empirical nature, it is necessary to have calibrated values for the local conditions in which it is applied. We registered 20 continuous months of runoff measurements in a small agricultural gauged watershed dominated by the Arroyo Dulce series under continuous no tillage of which there was no prior hydrological information. The period analyzed was characterized by the occurrence of 83 rains some of them very intense with a return period of 10 years and there were 13 runoff events that allowed to contrast the hypotheses raised. On the one hand, a trend of standard hydrological behavior was corroborated as mentioned by Hawkins and other researchers, associated with a "hortonian" runoff response. Moreover, the CNs obtained were consistent with the intrinsic properties of the dominant soil, the Arroyo Dulce series, a deep typical Argiudoll with moderate permeability. CN tended to values between 60 and 70 for extraordinary rainfall and the median was located at CN-71 with extreme values between 63 (dry soil) and 87 (wet soil). Comparison with the results previously obtained in a small, gauged watershed with vertic Argiudoll soil of the Ramallo Series (median CN 82), made it possible to clearly separate both series. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The cultivation of Phaseolus vulgaris L. is widespread in the world. The genetic transformation via Agrobacterium tumefaciens, is an alternative to obtain cultivars with tolerance or resistance to adverse environmental conditions for this species. However, the cultivardependent condition and the low regeneration of the transformed tissue in the protocols established for P. vulgaris have limited the use of this technology to a small group of cultivars. The aim of this work was to regenerate shoots from transformed tissue in P. vulgaris cv. 'ICA Pijao' and 'BAT 93'. The effect of the concentration of the bacterial suspension, the infiltration by vacuum, the period of co-cultivation on the regeneration of shoots was determined. In addition, the effectiveness of geneticin and glufosinateammonium was determined during the selection stage in the regeneration of shoots from explants inoculated with A. tumefaciens. The explants ½ NC-1 inoculated with a bacterial suspension adjusted to an optical density of 0.1, without infiltration with vacuum and maintained for three days in co-culture presented the best regeneration response. Geneticin and glufosinate ammonium were effective in the selection of shoots. The regeneration of shoots from transformed tissue by A. tumefaciens in P. vulgaris cv. 'ICA Pijao' and 'BAT 93', not described in the scientific literature, is important for its subsequent application in breeding programs of this species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Boletín Geológico y Minero is the property of Instituto Tecnologico Geominero De Espana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Agronomía & Ambiente is the property of Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Agronomia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Gestión y Ambiente is the property of Universidad Nacional de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The increased in frequency of soybean monoculture can lead to decreases in soil organic matter and affect soil physical properties. However, management practices such us fertilization, crop rotation with high biomass production and increases intensification sequence index (ISI) could partially offset agriculture negative effects. The aim of this work was to evaluate the effect of inclusion of different crops sequence management with soybean predominance on soil physical properties. The experiments were carried out at two sites of Pampas Region (Arequito and Balcarce): In both sites, different alternatives management effects on bulk density (Dap) and aggregate stability (EA) previous to soybean sown were evaluated. Additionally, mechanical resistance to penetration (RMP) and infiltration rate (TI) were evaluated only in Balcarce. The determinations were performed after 4 years of implementation of following treatments: soybean without fertilization (Sj); soybean with phosphorus (P) and sulfur (S) (SjF); cover crop (CC) / soybean with P and S (CC/SjF); CC with nitrogen (N) / soybean with P and S (CCF/SjF); high ISI rotation fertilized with N, P and S: wheat/soybean 2° - CC / soybean (Rotation). In both sites, Dap (0-5 and 5-10 cm soil depth) and AE values (0-10 cm soil depth) was not significantly different between crops sequence management practices. On the other hand, RMP (0 to 20 cm soil depth) and TI were not significantly different between treatments at Balcarce site. The results our experiment indicate that after 4 years of sequences with soybean predominance, P and S fertilization, CC inclusion, and rotation with high ISI, did not significantly affected soil physical quality indexs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Preventive analgesia in orthopedic surgery is becoming increasingly important because post-surgical pain management is more pleasant for the patient and allows them to initiate rehabilitation early. With this premise we consider the following hypothesis. The perception of post-surgical pain at two, 12 and 24 hours with local infiltration into the surgical wound with ropivacaine plus systemic analgesia will be less compared to patients who infiltrate with saline into the surgical wound plus systemic analgesia. Material and methods: A randomized double-blind, prospective randomized controlled clinical trial was conducted in the period January 2018 to August 2018. Results: The null hypothesis is rejected in the group valued at two hours and the null hypothesis is accepted in the groups valued at 12 and 24 hours. Conclusion: Ropivacaine infiltration is an effective method for managing postoperative pain for the first 2 hours in open shoulder surgery procedures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Chronic abdominal pain is frequently encountered at outpatient clinics where the traditional approach is to investigate visceral pathologies. Fifty percent of these patients are finally found to have abdominal wall pain which is generally secondary to entrapment of the anterior cutaneous nerve. This entity is identified by Carnett's sign. The treatment of choice is to infiltrate the painful points with lidocaine following which there is significant improvement in 85% to 90% of these patients. The duration of post-infiltration improvement is unknown. The objective of this work is to determine sustained response in one and two-year follow-up examinations. Materials and Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study conducted in the gastroenterology unit of the Clínica Fundadores. We included adult patients over 18 years of age who had received local injection treatment with 2% lidocaine without epinephrine and who had answered a telephone survey to assess the intensity of pain on an analogous scale. Results: Of the 360 eligible patients identified, 324 patients (90%) were interviewed by telephone. The average age of those interviewed was 57 years, and 87% were women. The average pain level prior to infiltration was 8.7 points. Following infiltration, the average intensity was 2.38 points (p <0.05). In 71% of patients, average pain intensity at a two year follow-up examination was 1.65 points (p <0.05), an 81% improvement in intensity (p = 0.001). Fibromyalgia had a positive association with sustained improvement in pain (p = 0.008). Conclusions: Infiltration of the abdominal wall with a local anesthetic produces a sustained response for up to two years in patients with chronic abdominal wall pain. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gallbladder cancer is a rare and highly lethal disease in the world. Objective: To characterize histopathologically gallbladder cancer at the "Joaquín Albarrán" Clinical Teaching Surgical Hospital of Havana-Cuba, in the period 2010 to 2019. Methods: A retrospective, descriptive and observational study was conducted, in which biopsy and necropsy records were reviewed to identify cases with a histological diagnosis of gallbladder cancer. Paraffin-embedded tissues from the archive were also reviewed. Results: Ten cases of gallbladder cancer were diagnosed, nine female and one male, all over 60 years old. Histologically the predominant variety was moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma, being 2 of them mucoproducers, of which 1 was infiltrating and with lymphatic permeation. Conclusion: Gallbladder cancer is a very low frequency disease and its diagnosis continues to be an incidental fact, that is, the diagnosis is established in the histopathological examination after cholecystectomy or in the necropsy. The most frequent variety is moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Avances: Investigación en Ingeniería is the property of Universidad Libre, Facultad de Ingenieria and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Soils in the center of Argentina have undergone considerable changes in the last five decades because of the qualification of land for agricultural, industrial or residential use, and to anthropic disturbances such as periodic forest fires or invasion of alien species. These changes affect edaphic and hydrological characteristics of these soils, modifying the hydrographic basin's hydrogeochemical cycles. The infiltration capacity is modified due to soil porosity, density and/or texture alteration at the surface or subsurface level as a result of physical-chemical disturbances. In the present work we evaluate the infiltration capacity in soils of the Molisol and Entisol orders present in the center of Córdoba (Argentina), under the effect of different uses, disturbance history and vegetation cover. Infiltration capacity measurements were carried out using the single ring method, obtaining the values that allowed the construction of the infiltration curves. The initial infiltration capacity (Iini), basic infiltration (IB) and lateral movement of water (ML) values were analyzed. In Molisols, the infiltration capacity increased as time elapses since the suppression of agricultural activities. Cleared areas for livestock, without agricultural history, have intermediate rates of infiltration capacity between those of native forests and areas under recent agriculture, due to trampling. In azonal Entisols soils, the infiltration capacity improved over time after the occurrence of forest fires. In intrazonal Entisols soils, the effect of livestock reduced the infiltration capacity up to five times. The Ustifluvents are particularly susceptible to trampling because of their higher plasticity. In areas invaded by alien woody invasive species, the accumulated plant residues would be the cause of the reduced initial values of infiltration capacity, accelerating during the test time. These results can be used as inputs for the elaboration or adjustment of hydrological models for the center of Argentina. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Mexicana de Ciencias Agrícolas is the property of Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agricolas y Pecuarias and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

A 94-years-old woman with right hemiabdominal pain and fever. Blood test: leukocytosis and elevated C-reactive protein. Abdominal tomography: left colon diverticulosis. Pain worsening, appearing herpetic vesicles with metameric distribution: valaciclovir, pregabaline, 5%-lidocaine patch and 2.5 mg of morphine were added, having bronchoaspiration. Morphine was removed and increase pregabaline dose until 225 mg per day. She started with myoclonias and hallucinations with pain worsening. So, EMLA® (eutetic mixture of local anesthetics), capsaicine and duloxetina 30 mg were prescribed and a paravertebral infiltration for nerve blockage with Trigon® and bupivacaine 0.25% was done at T11-L3, decreasing pregabaline. At discharge, visual analog scale (VAS) 1/10. Zoster-virus (VZV) reactivation is due to changes in cellular immunity, as immunosenescence. It causes post-herpetic neuralgia in the 73% people over 70 years, increasing persistence and severity of pain with ageing and affecting their quality of life and functionality. Treatment includes antiretrovirals (the first 72 hours). 5%-lidocaine patch may be considered in elderly for starting; also, capsaicine, pregabaline (more effective and faster), tricycle antidepressant (not well-tolerated), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) (safer and with better results) and opioids, starting progressively until reaching the effective dose with minimum side effects. Neuronal blocking is an efficient but controversial alternative in the elderly, being intrathecal administration the more effective. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The influence of Bulnesia retama was studied on the infiltration rate in a pilot site of the Bermejo basin (San Juan). Infiltration is related to surface runoff. It is affected by the texture and structure of the soil, the content of organic matter, the initial humidity and the vegetation cover. The field data were taken by homogeneous units defined on the basis of the digital processing of an elevation model, participatory mapping and satellite image visual interpretation. Five linear transects of 50 m were made, measuring coverage with the line intersection technique. Infiltration tests were performed inside and outside the canopy, with a single-ring infiltrometer (21 cm diameter) and distrivariable loading. The data were adjusted according to the diameter of the infiltrometer. Soil samples were taken determining: content of organic matter, texture, total nitrogen, conductivity and pH. The average coverage of B. retama was 34%, that of bare soil, of 53.2%. The infiltration rate was higher under the canopy of B. retama compared to bare soil. The results suggest that the presence of B. retama favors the infiltration rate in the soil. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ks) has a strong influence on the partition of the rain in infiltration and runoff. A correct value of this property is important to estimate in a real way the hydrological and erosion processes. The aim of the present work was: To compare the results of Ks obtained in soils under agriculture with high initial water content and located in two different positions of the landscape, determined by different field and laboratory procedures, analyzing in turn the incidence of other soil physical properties over these results. In two successive years, the Ks was determined by different field techniques (double ring, rain simulator, Guelph and disk permeameter) and a laboratory practice, on an Argiudol of Rolling Pampa under no tillage. The results of Ks generated by the different procedures were compared, as well as if there was some link between them and with other soil physical properties. The Ks variability was also studied. The soil presented high initial water content and a poor physical condition. The initial water content only influenced the results of Ks obtained with the double ring and with the rain simulator, while bulk density affected those generated with Guelph permeameter and by the laboratory technique. The differences found in Ks determined by the several techniques were linked to the dominant flow type: vertical (double ring and rain simulator), three-dimensional (Guelph and disk permeameter) and free in the lower part of the soil (laboratory), increasing in the same order the value of Ks observed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The main objective of this work is to model the effect of the change of the physical properties and hydric behavior in a clay soil and the available water for plants using a simulation tool validated for these conditions. The soil and climate reference data were generated in previous studies in the Experimental Station of the Institute of Agricultural Engineering (IAgric), located in Alquízar, in Artemisa province, where soil is classified as Red Ferralitic and the climatic characterization used was from 1985 to 2010. It was used the MACRO model that constitute a mechanistic model of water and solute transport previously validated for this soil and climatic conditions. It was used the model option for estimate hydraulic properties of the soil using pedotransfer functions to estimate variations in these properties starting from variations in bulk density in upper soil layers (0-40 cm). The results show the decrease of bulk density in 0,1 g.cm-3 in studied soil layers may produce an increase in water retention capacity until 15% and can produce a decrease in water needs between 30 to 20% for dry period and between 90 to 35 % in wet period, increasing soil infiltration capacity about 30% with a more slow redistribution process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An alternative to pursue a soil physical property improvement is including cover/green manure crops (CP) between two cash crops in a crop sequence. The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of using contrasting tillage systems (SL) and a CP on some soil physical properties of a Mollisol in the SEB. Soil samples and determinations were taken in a longterm SL experiment carried out in Balcarce. The factor CP was assigned to sub-sub-plots with two levels: with (Con V) and without (Sin V) vetch (V) (Vicia villosa Roth) preceded by corn (Zea mays L.) since 2008. Bulk density, EA, INF and RMP were determined after corn harvest. Aggregate stability decreased with the increase of tillage aggressiveness. No-tillage led to higher EA at the upper 5 cm with respect to LD and LC. On the other hand, at 5-20 cm, SD showed higher EA than LC but without difference with LD. Under SD, RMP in the first 10 cm of the soil layer it was higher than under LD and LC, but between 10 and 20 cm depth a sharp increase under LD was observed. Contrary to what was expected, DAP was higher under LC than under LD and SD in the upper 5 cm of soil, but there were no differences among SL at 5-20 cm depth. Infiltration rate was not significantly affected by SL. The inclusion of V as CP increased INF under all SL and decreased RMP under SD. However, the CP did not affect DAP nor EA. The soil loosening degree with tillage did not diminish DAP and did not increase INF. The V as CP improved INF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Knee osteoarthritis is a joint disease characterized by degeneration, loss of cartilage and subchondral bone alteration associated with changes in the soft tissues. In a sample of 2,500 individuals, the prevalence of osteoarthritis was found in 2.3% (IC 95% 1.7 a 2.9) in adults; it represents the second cause of consultation in our hospital. Material and methods: Two groups of patients were studied: the first included 70 patients who received hylan G-F 20 in three infiltrations; the other group, of 40 patients, received collagen-PVP in four applications. A subjective questionnaire based on the WOMAC evaluation was applied, with which we could assess pain, stiffness and functional capacity before and after the application. Results: Both hylan G-F 20 and collagen-PVP improved the quality of life of our patients by reducing symptoms such as pain, stiffness and functional limitation, collagen being more efficient for reducing pain and hylan G-F 20 for reducing stiffness and functional limitation. Conclusions: Both treatments were safe and effective; they can be used in our institute as a conservative treatment to decrease hospitalizations for pain management. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Agricolas is the property of University of Narino, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In this work, we use Monte Carlo simulation in order to model the water balance of a dam, which provides water for human consumption to Tunja in Colombia. This model predicts that the best alternative source of water for human consumption for next 40 years in Tunja is La Copa dam. The authors developed a method to adjust our results to precipitations, infiltration, runoff, evapotranspiration, and the subsurface flow and extraction flow; into random variables. Our projections are realistic since Monte Carlo simulation allows us to model input and output flows from water balance, as stochastic variables, so including uncertainty associated with possible states of the nature; for example, weather conditions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colonization processes generate changes in the tropical rainforest of the Ecuadorian Amazon, and drives the need to know the levels of soil loss, so this research evaluates the characteristics of canopy and understory in this problem. The results showed that plots with more coverage level of understory and canopy had less runoff and nutrient loss. Runoff water presented negative correlation between precipitation and concentrations of total nitrogen, phosphate, electrical conductivity, temperature, nitrite, nitrate and potassium. They reported less soil loss in plots with more coverage of understory and better infiltration with higher canopy coverage. It is concluded that the soil covered with understory affects runoff, nutrient and sediment loss and increased canopy cover improves infiltration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Slope stability is usually affected by factors that reduce soil strength and increase driving forces acting on the slope material, sometimes generating mass movements. Among these factors, vegetation has an important role related to hydrological (e.g. evapotranspiration and infiltration) and mechanical (e.g. tree surcharge and root reinforcement provided by trees) mechanisms. In this review, vegetation influences associated to slope stability are identified, describing the mechanisms involved in the occurrence of mass movements. Finally, the way these factors affect slope stability is explained according to soil properties, climatic conditions and environmental characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The perforation of the Pajares Tunnels, with 24.6 km long and 700 m average depth, through the Cantabrian Range (NW Spain) caused a very important surficial hydrogeological impact on the Alcedo Valley consisting on: (i) the development of 25 sinkholes from 2007 to 2014 in Quaternary alluvial materials covering calcareous rocks, and (ii) the whole infiltration of the surficial flow of the Alcedo stream trough 7 active ponors. Previous studies identified the karstic origin of the problem and estimated the mean water volume of infiltration in 0.4 hrrf/year (approx. 10 ls-1). New geotechnical and hydrogeological studies were planned to characterize in depth the study area: (i) topographic survey, (ii) borehole drilling and trench digging, (iii) geophysical prospecting, (iv) regular gauging of the surficial flow, and (v) analysis of the water flow return period. The chosen solution for stopping surficial infiltration was the sealing of the sinkholes and ponors, the construction of a concrete channel over the area affected by karst processes and its environmental restoration. After the completion of these actions, the infiltration from the Alcedo Stream to the tunnels was eliminated. The completion of these works involved a 7.2% reduction of total water volume drained by the Pajares Tunnels, from average 350 ls-1 to 325 ls-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Tecnología y Ciencias del Agua is the property of Instituto Mexicano de Tecnologia del Agua (IMTA) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper presents one- and two-dimensional simulations of the water infiltration process on unsaturated soils by using a coupled infiltration-deformation model. Two examples are presented for the one-dimensional infiltration analysis. The first example simulates the infiltration process on a homogenous soil, and the second one on a stratified soil composed of two different layers. For both cases, a one-meter column of soil was used to conduct a parametric study, by assuming different values of rainfall intensity. It was found from this analysis that the one-dimensional infiltration process on the homogenous soil is highly dependent on the rainfall intensity (I)/permeability (ksW) ratio, and for the stratified soil, the infiltration process was controlled by the soil with less permeability. Finally, one example is presented to study the bi-dimensional infiltration process on a slope subjected to a high-intensity rainfall, where the localization of the failure surface is presented. The results of this analysis show the advantages of this methodology to study soil structures subjected to infiltration processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Annual precipitation exerts a key control on the functioning of arid ecosystems. However, changes in seasonality and/or in the frequency of extreme precipitation events could have great ecological and biogeochemical impacts. Moreover, these impacts would be in relation to the degree of soil conservation. Our objective was to examine the effect of seasonal rainfall events on N availability (nitrate and ammonium) in soils with contrasting degradation in northeastern Chubut. Two steppes with contrasting soil erosion levels were chosen: herbaceous steppe with shrubs (EHA) and degraded shrub steppe (EA). We performed a one-year experiment with 3 factors: rainfall seasonality simulation (winter or spring irrigation), irrigation (with and without), and two plant communities (EHA and EA). Plots were watered in a single event during winter and/or spring, simulating a great rainfall event of 40 mm. Soil samples were taken immediately before watering and 3, 6, and 14 days after watering. Soil samples were separated into superficial (0-5 cm) and sub-superficial (5-15 cm) depths. Total N contents were similar between soils of the two communities. In winter, there was no effect of watering on the contents of ammonium and nitrate, neither in EHA nor EA. In spring, there were higher nitrate contents at the superficial layer on the watered soils in EHA. Our results suggest that nitrates in eroded soils of EA did not respond to watering as a consequence of lower infiltration rates and subsequently lower increases in soil water content in that community in comparison with EHA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Es necesario desarrollar un método preciso y sencillo que pueda usarse ampliamente en modelos agro-hidrológicos. El método integrado de la ecuación de Richards es un método sencillo para simular el movimiento cíclico del agua en el suelo y la atmósfera. Sin embargo, este método tiene todavía algunos problemas por resolver, necesarios para su desarrollo adicional si se utiliza en simulación agro-hidrológica. En este estudio, el método integrado de la ecuación de Richards fue desarrollado para simulación agro-hidrológica con la introducción de las funciones hidráulicas del suelo usadas comúnmente, condiciones de frontera superiores e inferiores. Los experimentos numéricos de infiltración y el de evaporación en laboratorio fueron utilizados para la validación de las capacidades del modelo en el modelado de infiltración y evaporación, respectivamente. Un experimento de evaporación de campo realizado del 27 de abril al 21 de noviembre de 1971, en Big Ground, Wellesbourne, Reino Unido, se usó en la validación de sitio. Muestras de suelo de cuatro réplicas de parcelas fueron tomadas a 45 cm profundidad en intervalos regulares de aumento de 5 cm durante el experimento. Diez mediciones del contenido de humedad del suelo hacia abajo del perfil en diez momentos diferentes se tomaron durante el experimento. Experimentos de infiltración numérica mostraron que el método propuesto podría generar predicciones buenas de dos suelos contrastantes, franco arenoso y franco arcilloso, con condiciones inestables de lluvias intensas. Los resultados concuerdan con los de la combinación numérica compleja del modelo FEM. Resultados buenos también se obtuvieron en las pruebas del método de evaporación de arena gruesa, pero el método de arena fina predijo menor cantidad evaporada. Los resultados de las pruebas en comparación con los datos del experimento de campo muestran que el contenido predicho de agua del suelo estuvo de acuerdo con los valores medidos en el perfil del suelo, pero no con los cercanos a la superficie del suelo. Esto indica que el método propuesto realizó bien las simulaciones agro-hidrológicos en suelos agrícolas desnudos en condiciones complejas diferentes en la frontera superior. Así, el método podría aplicarse en simulaciones agro-hidrológicas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present work an estimation of peak flows is carried out in the urban basin belonging to the neighborhood Marzal, located in the city of Luanda, Angola. It takes as a starting point the Managing Plan of Sanitation of the city and the study carried out by the Unit of the Technical Cabinet of Sanitation of Luanda (UTGSL) for Marzal basin. For hydrological modeling the nonlinear reservoir model of the RUNOFF block of the software SWMM was applied with different soil uses (current and a projection to year 2030). The results allow checking in a preliminary way the feasibility of the solutions offered by UTGSL which reduce peak flows and the time of permanency of the floods in the neighborhood of Marzal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Among the different processes that lead to the deterioration of soil structure, compaction induced by vehicle traffic seems to be one of the most important for sustainable agriculture. For a given soil, the compaction distribution in the profile is mainly a function of the texture, the applied load, the pressure in the contact area, the moisture content and the traffic intensity, being the last particularly high in forage production systems. In order to assess the effect of 2WD tractor vehicular traffic with a total load of 3810 kg on some soil physical properties and forage crop production, an experiment was conducted on a typic Argiudoll under conventional tillage with the following treatments: 5 tractor passes, 3 tractor passes, and a control treatment with no traffic. To quantify the traffic effect, the following soil properties were measured: soil surface infiltration, penetration resistance from the surface to 600 mm, bulk density at two depths, 0-100 mm and 100 -200 mm; and dry matter 3, 7 and 12 months after traffic. Penetration resistance was significantly higher for traffic treatments, showing increases for all depths and measurement instances. The greatest differences were evidenced for the first measurement in the first 100 mm, with an increase of 152% for 5 passes and 140% for the treatment of 3 passes. The penetration resistance is more sensitive to the effects of vehicle traffic. Higher traffic intensities cause decreases in dry matter yield of forage crop. The use of low axle load tractors in forage harvesting systems is an alternative that reduced but does not eliminate the adverse aspects of traffic on soil mechanical impedance and forage crop productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of an experimental study on the transportability of soil particles by runoff water in the early stages of a rainfall event. The soil under consideration comes from three ravines in the city of Antofagasta known to have been affected by detritus flow events in the past and made up of mainly cemented sands and gravels with soluble salts. A parametric study was carried out using a laboratory infiltrometer with a rain simulator with variable intensity and a soil sample also with a variable slope. With this apparatus it was possible to analyse the effect of rain intensity and slope on the progress of the wetting front, the quantity of runoff and the quantity and grading characteristics of the soil removed by the runoff. Also analysed were the grading characteristics of the soil from each ravine and their in situ densities before and after the addition of water, in order to study the changes that this can induce on the arrangement of particles when dissolution of the salt cement occurs. The results show that the grading of a soil can affect two principal aspects of its transportability. Firstly, the grading affects the capacity for infiltration of the soil and the occurrence of runoff. Secondly, it affects the in situ soil structure which in turn affects the resistance of the particles against drag forces exerted by the runoff. The study also shows that within the ranges considered, the angle of the slope did not affect the generation of runoff nor the quantity of material removed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

One of the main objectives of EU climate and energy policy is to reduce energy dependency and "decarbonise" the economy. These policies have a considerable influence on the building sector, and where Directive 2010/31/EU on the energy performance of buildings establishes that all new buildings in the EU shall have to consume 'nearly zero-energy' as from 2021 and that all public authority owned or rented buildings apply these measures as from 2019. The analysis presented in this paper -focusing on the case of office buildings due to their far greater energy demands with respect to residential buildings- forms part of a study that attempts to examine the technical characteristics and economic feasibility of these "nearly zero-energy" buildings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus has become a significant health problem throughout the world, where it constitutes the underlying cause for 84% of lower limb amputations due to recalcitrant ulcers. The Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CIGB) at Havana, Cuba has designed an integrated strategy for preclinical testing, pharmaceutical development, production, clinical trials and business negotiations of an injectable drug for treating diabetic foot ulcers, denominated Heberprot-P®. This product, which uses epidermal growth factor as active ingredient and avoids these amputations, is the only registered drug of its type and has already had considerable medical, social and economic impact in Cuba and other nations, placing national science and the Cuban health system at the forefront of the fight against this disorder. Phase III trials are planned for 2013, pending approval of the Advisory Scientific Council of the European Medicines Agency (EMA), for examining its efficacy and safety in this continent. Research teams at CIGB continue to develop new Heberprot-P® versions, based on advanced controlled release systems employing micro and nanospheres, in order to continuously improve the product and extend its existing intellectual property coverage beyond the year 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Española de Cirugía Oral y Maxilofacial is the property of Sociedad Espanola de Cirugia Oral y Maxilofacial (SECOM) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Acute myeloid leukemia belongs to an heterogeneous group of diseases as a result of rapid growth of clonal malignant hematopoietic stem cells (blasts) that produce excessive proliferation of abnormal leukemic cells. In the morphologic classification (FAB, 1976), M5 is monocytic leukemia, with an incidence of 10% in all acute myeloid leukemias. The average age of onset is about 70 years. Clinically the typical manifestations start in a few weeks with fatigue, fever and bruising or bleeding. Some organs are affected more often than others because hiperleukocytosis like lungs and the brain. We present a case report of male 42 years old who during 3 weeks developed acute myeloid leukemia monocytic subtype (M5). Atypically debuts with pharyngeal and rectal pain, secondary to infiltration. Despite of the therapeutic protocol with chemotherapy, the important affection of leukostasis and hematological alterations result in disseminated intravascular coagulation, intracerebral hemorrhage and brain death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To compare the degree of pain in patients submissive transrectal biopsy of prostate digitally guided between the technique of intrarectal application of simple lubricant gel and lidocaine 10% with the technique of transrectal prostate infiltration. Material and methods: Between January of the 2006 to December of the 2007; those patients submissive transrectal biopsy (whose main indications were increase of the prostate specific antigen according to age or suspicious rectal tact), distributed in two groups by means of nonprobabilistic sampling, Group 1, 15 mL of lidocaine simple to 2% and 5 included themselves ml of bupivacaine to 0.5%, administering to 10 mL in each prostate lobe with spinal needle transrectal route. In Group 2 one administered to 15 mL of lubricant gel and 5 mL of lidocaine simple to 10% intrarectal route. 12 fragments with needle were taken from trucut 14G, on guard from lithotomy and previous informed consent. At the end of the procedure, the patients classified the degree of annoyance observed during the procedure based on the Analogous Visual Scale. Results: 80 patients included themselves in the study, with an average of age of 69,1+ 8 years, serum concentration of PSA 6,5 ng/dL (0.12-57), in 23 patients (28,7%) felt prostate nodules in 8 patients of Group 1 (20%), 5 of the right side (62,5%) and 3 of the left side (37,5%) and 15 patients of Group 2 (37,5%), 9 patients of right side (60%) and 6 of the left side (40%). The average age of the patients in Group 1 was of 69+8 years against Group 2 69+9, the median of PSA for Group 1 was of 6.5 0.12-57) and of 15.9 (0.49-52,6) for Group 2. The Analogous Visual Scale for the pain was of 3.65 for compared Group 1 with 6.025 for the Group 2 (p < 0.001). Conclusions: The patients in those who transrectal prostate infiltration for the taking of transrectal biopsy is realized refer less pain according to a VAS in comparison with the patients that realizes the standard method to him of intrarectal application of lubricant gel and lidocaine simple to 10% with a statistically significant difference. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Internacional de Desastres Naturales, Accidentes e Infraestructura Civil is the property of University of Puerto Rico and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Mechanical decompaction may improve the physical properties of no-tillage silty loam soils. The aims of this study were to: 1- evaluate the influence of mechanical tilling (e.g. paratill or cultivie) on soil physical (gravimetric water content, bulk density, penetration resistance and infiltration rate) and chemical (nitrate content) properties in no-tillage soils; 2- quantify the impact of soil decompaction on maize yield; and 3- evaluate the persistence of soil compaction alleviation on soil penetration resistance, root abundance and crop yields after maize. Six field experiments were conducted in no-tillage maize plots in the Rolling Pampa region. Paired plots were compared: continuous no tillage (TEST) vs. soil compaction alleviation by deep tillage (DESC). Soil penetration resistance decreased by 37and 24 % (p < 0.05) at the 0-25 cm and 0-40 cm soil layers, respectively, and the soil infiltration rate increased (p= 0.07) from TEST to DESC at the V5-V6 maize growing stage. No deep tillage effect was observed on soil bulk density and nitrate content. Maize yields were significantly augmented by soil compaction alleviation (p < 0.001) with an average response of 659 kg ha-1 (5.56%). All sites showed economic benefits. No residual effects were found in soil physical properties, root growth and yield in the following crops. The results indicate short-term effects of soil decompaction by deep tillage on soil penetration resistance and maize yield, but no residual effects on subsequent crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]