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Copyright of Law, State & Telecommunications Review / Revista de Direito, Estado e Telecomunicações is the property of Grupo de Estudos em Direito das Telecomunicacoes (GETEL) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal History of Latin American Education / Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Journal History of Latin American Education / Revista Historia de la Educación Latinoamericana is the property of Universidad Pedagogica y Tecnologica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article addresses the legal issue of recognizing nature as a subject of rights within the current legal framework, highlighting a paradigm shift in the protection of nature in Ecuador. With the 2008 Constitution, nature transitioned from being an "object of protection" to an entity with its own rights. The ruling 1185-20-JP/21 is used as a case study to analyze these legal and practical implications. The ruling deals with the violation of rights due to irrigation projects without adequate environmental consultation, emphasizing the importance of ecological flow. The Constitutional Court reaffirms the interdependence between the rights of nature and human rights, highlighting the need for a systemic approach to environmental protection. Key legal and jurisprudential precedents are reviewed to contextualize this recognition, evaluating its impact on the legal system and environmental protection, and analyzing the enforceability of these rights through judicial mechanisms. The ruling establishes a crucial precedent for the sustainable management of natural resources and reinforces the importance of protecting the rights of nature to ensure a sustainable future for all generations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article analyzes how different activisms in Chile – feminists, LGTBIQ+, anti-hegemonic masculinities, and groups opposing sexual and reproductive rights – contested the gender order during the country’s constituent process, which unfolded between 2020 and 2023. In particular, we explore the way in which anti-abortion groups mobilized, showing that they not only oppose the interruption of pregnancy, but they also try to re-signify gender as a social construct. From the logic of methodological assemblage, we combined the observation of street demonstrations and digital ethnography through a series of interviews with cyber-activists of “pro-life” organizations. From the analysis conducted on the practices and discourses of these groups, three types of political operations have been identified: a redefinition of the framework of rights at stake when debating abortion; a broadening of the affected subject otherwise restricted to the fetus; and a resignification of feminism. These findings allow us to conclude that such activisms do not represent “anti-gender” positions but rather correspond to a neoconservative gender countermovement. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Estudios Filosóficos is the property of Estudios Filosoficos and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indigenous justice in Ecuador is a topic of great relevance and complexity that reflects the cultural and legal richness of indigenous peoples. Its recognition in the 2008 Constitution emphasizes the need to respect and preserve the traditions and values of each community. This community-based system, grounded in participation and immediacy, offers a holistic approach to conflict resolution. However, it is essential that these processes respect human and constitutional rights, ensuring due process, impartiality, and transparency. The active participation of women and the protection of their rights are key aspects that must be considered within the framework of indigenous justice and its internal regulations. This research applies deductive, inductive, analytical, and bibliographic methods to delve into indigenous justice and its relationship with due process. The aim is to understand and preserve the different perspectives and approaches in this area, thereby enriching the understanding of its functioning and impact. Finally, it is concluded that indigenous justice must balance the preservation of cultural traditions with respect for universal rights and social and legal development. This implies considering social evolution in Ecuador, promoting a respectful understanding of the cultural and legal diversity that characterizes the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Why it is that if Mexico went from an authoritarian regime to a supposedly democratic one in which various instances of transitional justice have been implemented that the country suffers nowadays unprecedented levels of violence? Two hypotheses have been proposed. First, the specific manner in which the democratic transition occurred, made effective transitional justice impossible. Second, transitional justice implemented by the first democratically elected government (2000-2006), was a simulation. This constituted a de facto amnesty for perpetrators of human rights violations of the authoritarian past. The aim is to demonstrate that the modality in which the democratic transition occurred determined the meager results of transitional justice mechanisms and that impunity for the crimes of the past led to the uptick in delinquency at the present time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Obstetric violence beyond the inappropriate and ignominious term, is interpreted as a whole problem with multiple edges, associated with the mistreatment suffered by pregnant women when they are judged, frightened, humiliated or physically and psychologically hurt. It occurs in places that provide medical services and we can find it in all spheres of society. In the medical units, there is an obligation to provide maternal health services from a human rights perspective and guarantee access to professional care during childbirth and the subsequent period, respecting the specific needs, uses and customs, and the decisions of women. Some maneuvers or procedures that have been incorporated into the context are: unjustified caesarean section, when the conditions exist to perform a natural birth, without the voluntary, express and informed consent of the woman; force to give birth lying down and/or immobilized; denying or hindering the ability to hold and breastfeed the baby immediately upon birth; failure to attend to obstetric emergencies in a timely and effective manner. The World Health Organization (WHO) has recognized that this mistreatment not only violates the right of women to respectful care, but can also endanger their right to life, health, physical integrity and not to be subjected to discrimination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The principle of self-determination of peoples is an indispensable legal tool for respect for Human Rights, as it promotes the political emancipation of subjugated peoples. However, given the way public international law is created, the principle has been manipulated by colonial States to use it as an argument functional to their interests and not as an instrument of respect for Human Rights. One of the States that has carried out this Manichean manipulation has been the United Kingdom. In Latin America, it uses it as a bastion to sustain the occupation of the Malvinas Islands and its projection of power towards Antarctica. Its strategy in South America has been to create a fictitious population and defend self-determination at all costs. However, less known is its strategy in the Indian Ocean, in collusion with its historical ally, the United States. This article aims to analyze the manipulations of international law that the United Kingdom has carried out with respect to the State of Mauritius and the population of the Diego García atoll, where it has flagrantly violated human rights, and, at the same time, what international law tools they have used those violated to defend themselves from colonial arrogance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article highlights the Judgment of the Grand Chamber of the European Court of Human Rights of April 9, 2024 in the case Verein KlimaSeniorinnen Schweiz and Others v. Switzerland. In the lawsuit, it was alleged that Switzerland's climate mitigation policies were insufficient, affecting fundamental rights to life and health. The judgment marks a milestone in addressing the impacts of climate change on human rights, establishing guidelines for future climate cases. The importance of effectively protecting citizens from the adverse effects of climate change is emphasized. [Extracted from the article]

The period 2019-2023 has experienced an exponential increase in irregular migratory arrivals on the West African route to the Canary Islands, considered the deadliest route of entry into Europe. The present research focuses on the study of the mortality of this migratory route and the different reasons underlying the displacement. In this way, European securitizing border policies are pointed out as the main causes of such increase and it concludes on the need to comply with the commitments of the Global Compact for Migration to protect the human rights of migrants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sexual orientation and gender identity are fundamental aspects of every individual's life, protected within the framework of human rights. Unfortunately, both categories persist as recurring grounds for discrimination, violence, and oppression, at times perpetuated even by normative regulations. In this context, education plays a crucial role in emphasizing values such as coexistence, diversity, cooperative learning, and empathy to prevent heterosexism. Educators, therefore, must have training that ensures the creation of safe, reliable, and protective learning environments for all students. It is imperative that every student has the right to develop and socialize without fear of exclusion. The focus of this study is to analyze the consensus and acceptance among experts regarding the factors influencing gender identity in the educational context, using the neutrosophic statistical method. As a result, it was concluded that a reform of current regulations is necessary, coupled with the implementation of human rights training programs, to eradicate deeply rooted prejudices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective/context: To learn about the contributions of women of the organized Colombian diaspora in Catalonia to creating transnational practices in favor of peace and denunciation of human rights violations in Colombia. Specifically, we seek to identify the main actors, organizational spaces, and collective action repertoires developed by Colombian women in Catalonia. Therefore, we approach the literature on the political participation of migrant and exiled women from the perspective of political transnationalism. Methodology: This qualitative and participatory research study examines bibliographic and documentary sources, semi-structured interviews with Colombian women participating in the organized diaspora, and participant observation of mobilizations. Conclusions: The analysis and discussion of the results show that for some women, their participation is based on their exile and previous political involvement. For others, it is driven by the recognition of their condition as migrant subjects, as well as the different axes of inequality that cross them, which allows them to connect their individual discomfort with the collective discomfort of their country of origin and develop new interpretative frameworks and new repertoires of action aimed at sensitizing and influencing the Colombian socio-political reality. Originality: This research contribution allows for further debate on the transnational political role of migrations in a globalized world and what role women can play in it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this article is to examine the Uruguayan prison system from a perspective of respect for human dignity. The situation of persons deprived of their liberty is critically approached, evaluating the conditions of prison institutions and the protection of their rights. Special emphasis is placed on the need to explore reforms necessary to bring the prison system into line with international human rights standards, proposing approaches that promote rehabilitation and safeguard the dignity of these individuals who continue to be part of society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The objective of this paper is to propose a sentencing model with a gender perspective for judges, which contributes to guaranteeing the application of women's human rights and reducing errors in sentences, such as: revictimization, poor access to justice, discrimination, as well as gender stereotypes or prejudices that can affect judicial reasoning. The methodological design of this study is based on the qualitative paradigm based on the data collection technique and a descriptive legal content analysis of specialized guidelines in the doctrinal and normative field, as well as thirty sentences for gender-based crimes in the period 2020-2023 issued by the Judicial Branch of the State of Michoacán. As a result, a guide or model of sentencing in criminal matters is proposed so that judges can identify and apply it in cases where gender violence has been proven, this will make it possible to have a more precise and solid judgment in its argumentation, as well as to meet the main criteria for the protection of women's human rights before the corpus iuris of law on the matter [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The city of Puebla has established itself as a place prone to conservative groups, either from civil society or from the public administration. In recent years, one of the problems for these conservatives' groups has been the regulation or eradication of sex work specifically from the streets of the historic center of the city. Thus, proposals have emerged to arbitrarily and violently exclude people who perform sex work through the creation of "tolerance zones", which, beyond offering a safe space for sex workers, emerge as manifestations of social and sexual segregation that start from the obligatory nature of the heteronomy up to the biopolitical exercise of managing to a segment of the population with precarious economics situations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aimed to discuss the approval of the 'National Framework on Human Rights and Business' law in Brazil, which takes a binding approach to establish the foundations for effective corporate responsibility regarding activities that violate human rights. The research employed the historical-dialectical method and the theoretical framework of Gonzalo Berrón's architecture of impunity studies. The article was structured into three sections corresponding to the pillars of shifting from a voluntary to a binding approach: subjective, objective, and substantive. The conclusions pointed out that the approval of Bill No. 572/2022 represents a milestone in ending the architecture of corporate impunity, positioning Brazil and Latin America in a leadership role, without waiting for wealthy countries to capitalize on and monopolize the discourse on human rights. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The convergence between gender and race demands prevention and sanction mechanisms that consider the intersectional violence experienced by Afrodescendent women at the University of Costa Rica (UCR) when they suffer sexual harassment, in order to avoid the psychosocial effects that this violence causes. Objective: To establish intersectionality as the central axis of analysis in the development of effective tools for the prevention and the sanction of sexual harassment, considering the confluence of gender and race, in order to avoid re-victimization in Afro-descendent students at the UCR. Method: From a qualitative approach, three research methods were used -analysis, comparative and systematic- in order to establish the relationships and implications of intersectionality in the development of tools to prevent and sanction sexual harassment in Afro-university women. For this purpose, documentary reviews were carried out based on secondary sources (books, journal articles, newspapers, and regulations)³ and primary sources (semi-structured surveys)4 . Results: The documentary review showed that 25 secondary sources were useful to explain the sections of this case, and the semi-structured surveys showed that 91.67% of the interviewees indicated the necessity of to simplify the reporting process in order to avoid revictimization. Conclusions: The intersectional perspective allows addressing situations of sexual harassment from the complexity and particularity of Afro-descendant women. Therefore, we conclude that it is essential to analyze this context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: This article seeks to build bridges between two fields of inquiry and intervention that, at the level of academia and international organizations, were so far unconnected: evaluations with a human rights approach and evaluations of participatory processes. Within this framework, we aimed to build criteria and indicators to evaluate the institutional mechanisms of citizen participation from a human rights perspective. Methodology: We carry out a theoretical and normative review through which we identify the defining characteristics of evaluations with a human rights approach and how to apply them in the evaluation of participatory mechanisms. Results: We develop a conceptual and operational framework to evaluate citizen participation mechanisms from human rights standards and dimensions and we build a matrix of indicators (quantitative and qualitative; objective and subjective; of structure, processes and results) that will allow to incorporate different sources and perspectives into the evaluation of these experiences. Conclusions: These criteria and indicators aim to contribute to international monitoring processes referring to the right to citizen participation and serve the purposes of citizenship to demonstrate and claim in cases of non-compliance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Adequate administration of Human Rights (HR) in business presents difficulties. The Guiding Principles on Business and Human Rights (UNGPs) constitute the key tool for good governance. Their approval in 2011 by the United Nations was a historic milestone. The core of the company's performance regarding the UNGPs is the Due Diligencess is critical for its implementation. As of 2020, the European Union (EU) initiated work on a Directive that will make Do Diligence mandatory. This article investigates, through in-depth interviews with company presidents and directors, the degree of preparation of BoDs for the new regulatory scenario in Spain, Portugal, France and Malta. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista de Ciencias Sociales (13159518) is the property of Revista de Ciencias Sociales de la Universidad del Zulia Venezuela and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Araucaria is the property of Araucaria-Revista Iberoamericana de Filosofia, Politica y Humanidades and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista de Estudios Políticos is the property of Centro de Estudios Politicos y Constitucionales and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Didasc@lia: Didáctica y Educación is the property of Universitaria de Las Tunas, Centro de Estudios de Didactica and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Prolegómenos Derechos y Valores is the property of Prolegomenos Derechos y Valores and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Ética y Cine Journal is the property of Etica y Cine Journal and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Revista de Derecho is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Foro Revista de Derecho is the property of Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The article focuses on the concept of Guerra Sucia (Dirty War) in Mexico, examining its historiographical implications and the methodological caution required to study it. It discusses the origins of the term, its connections to Latin American political violence, and how state actions against dissidents often violated constitutional and human rights under the guise of national security.

Copyright of Andares: Revista de Derechos Humanos y de la Naturaleza is the property of Quito Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Andares: Revista de Derechos Humanos y de la Naturaleza is the property of Quito Universidad Andina Simon Bolivar, Sede Ecuador and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Estado & Comunes, revista de politicas y problemas publicos is the property of Instituto de Altos Estudios Nacionales (IAEN) and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Humanitarian diplomacy is a crucial tool in contemporary international politics, aimed at managing humanitarian crises and protecting human rights in conflict and disaster contexts. However, the differential impact on women and men, as well as the role of women in seeking peaceful conflict resolutions, is often overlooked. This article analyzes humanitarian diplomacy from a feminist perspective, exploring how inequalities affect crises and how a feminist approach can make foreign policies more inclusive and effective, surpassing traditional approaches. The article is based on a comprehensive review of existing literature, international and Spanish humanitarian diplomacy policies and foreign policy, from a gender and feminist perspective. It contextualizes humanitarian diplomacy and the gender dimension, demonstrating how a feminist approach can transform foreign policy. The article includes a case study of the Spanish Humanitarian Diplomacy Strategy from a feminist perspective and concludes with recommendations. Academic sources, NGO reports, and offi- cial documents have been used to provide a complete and well-founded view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]