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Introduction: It is important for dermatologists to know the hair cultural practices that causes inflammation, residues accumulation and the main alterations that affect African American scalp. Methodology: A systematic review was conducted using the main medical databases with the objective of publications on African American hair, its peculiarities and hair cosmetics. Results: Knowing the anatomical and molecular characteristics of African hair helps to choose ideal products for its proper management. Practices that may cause breakage include straightening, chemical agents, among others. The main function of shampoo is to remove sebum and residues; however, its surfactants content may cause cosmetic alterations on curly hair. Modern techniques for its care and cleaning have been developed in order to favor cosmetic perception. Conclusions: Clinical evaluation as well as cultural knowledge of hair routines are essential tools to improve the health and care of this population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]